The article discusses the theoretical and methodological aspects of the research of scientific and technological support of agricultural production in modern conditions. It is shown that in the context of global challenges, sanctions restrictions and the need to ensure food security, scientific and technological support is becoming an important strategic asset and the basis for the competitiveness of the agro-industrial complex. The authors clarified the economic essence of scientific and technological support, identified the key factors influencing its transformation (system integration, digitalization, resource efficiency). Special attention is paid to the analysis of the evolution of approaches to scientific and technological support through the prism of regulatory documents, which made it possible to specify its goals, principles and implementation mechanisms. The article systematizes the elements of scientific and technological support, classifies the principles, methods and mechanisms of its functioning as an integral integration system. It is concluded that it is necessary to move to a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of scientific and technological support, including indicators of implementation and speed of technology transfer.
The spatial development of agriculture is a natural, but at the same time complex and diverse process of territorial-sectoral division of labor in agro-industrial production. At its core, it is potentially not only able to ensure the effective functioning of the industry, but also to have a positive impact on the socio-economic development of rural areas. In turn, rural areas, historically occupying a huge and relatively poorly populated territory of the country, are the sphere of activity of one quarter of its population and traditionally remain the guarantor of stable spatial development of agriculture, in which numerous rural settlements play a key role. The article analyzes the problems and challenges of the development of rural territories of the Russian Federation, the features of the allocation of support settlements, gave recommendations on adjusting the Spatial Development Strategy of the Russian Federation.
The relevance of the study is due to the need for a theoretical rethinking and systematization of business-model forms of servitization in the agro-industrial complex under the conditions of increasingly complex agri-food value chains, digital transformation, and growing requirements for quality, traceability, and the resilience of production results. The aim of the study is to develop a typology of servitization business models in the agro-industrial complex and to provide a conceptual description of their structure, the logic of value creation and appropriation, as well as the conditions of their applicability in different organizational, economic, and institutional contexts. The methodological basis of the research includes systemic, structural-functional, business-model, and comparative-conceptual approaches. The research methods comprise content analysis of scholarly definitions and concepts of servitization, morphological modeling of business models, typologization by the degree of service transformation and the level of coordination complexity, and interpretive comparison of the identified models with the sector-specific features of the agro-industrial complex. The stages of the study included: 1) generalization of theoretical approaches to servitization, servicizing, and servicification; 2) formulation of the definition of a servitization model as an analytical construct; 3) development of a reference business model of servitization in the agro-industrial complex; and 4) construction of a typology of servitization business models. As a result, the study proposes a substantiated typology comprising seven business-model types: Product + Service, Bundled Value, Adaptive Service, Solution Provider, Lifecycle/Aftermarket Core, Outcome-as-a-Service, and the Ecosystem-embedded model. For each type, the key value creation mechanism, monetization logic, and areas of application in the agro-industrial complex are identified.
The analysis reveals that the current regulatory system includes financial, price-based, and institutional mechanisms. The dynamics of 2021–2024 indicate that state support performs a stabilizing function. However, systemic problems have been identified: a high share of unprofitable farms (24.8% in 2024), profitability dependence on direct payments (profitability dependence ratio – 15.3%), and a critically low share of investment expenditures in the support structure (about 10% of the PSE level). A comparative analysis of the Russian model and those of other countries shows that the Russian model achieves tactical goals in terms of food affordability but weakly stimulates the growth of the sector's own efficiency. To improve the quality of public administration, a system of calculated indicators is proposed: the profitability dependence ratio, the share of investments in total support, and the relative level of support per unit of result. These indicators make it possible to assess the real economic return on state support measures. A set of proposals has been developed to enhance the effectiveness of state support, taking into account best international practices.
The current pricing situation in agriculture is unbalanced and requires optimization through the use of effective state regulation tools. The main causes of price imbalances include the consequences of price liberalization during the development of a market economy, sector-specific characteristics of agricultural activities related to natural, climatic, and biological patterns, imbalances between supply and demand in the agricultural market due to seasonal production, macroeconomic instability, and geopolitical constraints. This paper substantiates the relevance of state regulation of pricing and proposes an index system of justified prices, including compensatory, incentive, and developmental elements, allowing for the assessment of the need for a price subsidy. A proprietary approach to using price subsidies to improve the mechanism of state regulation of agricultural pricing is developed. This approach includes accounting, analytical, organizational, and administrative regulations that allow for the justification of the need and volume of state funding, as well as the systematization of the funding allocation process. The core element of the author's concept for improving the mechanism of state regulation of pricing is the justified price, which represents the value of the selling price of products that ensures the break-even point of agricultural production and the achievement of an optimal rate of return, facilitating the formation of financial conditions for the expansion of investment activity. The approach proposed in this paper is distinguished by its scientific novelty, consisting of the development of a price subsidy instrument based on the use of a justified price as a regulator of funding volumes and incorporating accounting, analytical, organizational, and administrative regulations that ensure the increased effectiveness of state regulation.
A grouping of crisis reproduction processes was carried out while maintaining and replenishing soil and land potential: a decrease in soil fertility, volumes of reproduction of agricultural products, an imbalance in the export and consumption of mineral fertilizers. A scoring method is proposed based on determining the maximum and minimum values of the ratio of plant residues to crop yields, compiling groups based on the accumulation of biomass, nitrogen, and carbon, assigning points to each group, showing the importance of agricultural crops for land reproduction. The results of the assessment of the importance of agricultural crops in the accumulation of biomass and enrichment of the soil with surface plant residues showed the high importance of perennial grasses for the restoration of soil fertility – 7.7 points. Following the assessment, management decisions are made on partial compensation for humus losses, maintaining humus balance, expanded restoration of soil fertility, and selection of crop rotation. Problems associated with increasing soil and land potential have been identified: monoculture cultivation, lack of specialized knowledge on the use of crop rotation, the absence of an agronomist in agricultural organizations, low soil and land potential, including due to the introduction of land plots with worse characteristics into circulation, the absence of a law, a targeted program for the conservation and restoration of soil fertility of agricultural lands, excessive greenhouse gas emissions, the need to retain carbon in the soil. Recommendations have been drawn up for agricultural producers on a well-founded, constructive solution to problems, including an algorithm.
This article analyzes the regional agricultural land potential using the Republic of Bashkortostan as an example. The study is based on a comprehensive approach based on resource-based, resource-effectiveness, and effectiveness-based approaches. An analysis of four groups of indicators – quantitative, natural, relative, and cost – reveals an increase in land potential only for the production of grain, sunflower, and sugar beet, while it decreases for potato and vegetable production. A conclusion is drawn regarding a declining trend in land potential, coupled with the depletion of land and other natural resources, and the need to develop land potential in the context of sustainable agriculture. Based on research by domestic and international scientists and advanced Russian and international practices, innovative solutions are proposed that utilize resource conservation while maximizing the benefits of ecosystem services, aimed at developing the region's land potential.
The article discusses the formation of consumer demand for organic products, identifying a number of key factors that serve as motivational tools in the mechanism of interaction with organic producers. The article presents a classification of demand for organic products, dividing it into different types and characteristics. It also identifies the characteristics of consumer behavior among organic product buyers, highlighting the key factors that determine the level of awareness and demand for this type of product.
The paper considers the goals and objectives of security management in conditions of high threats and risks in the formation of a digital economy carried out by the state at the level of the regional agro-industrial complex, including agricultural production, where the main internal and external factors influencing the improvement and development of the industry were considered and summarized, and a SWOT analysis matrix using artificial intelligence was formulated. and machine learning. Food safety has been developed on the basis of a probabilistic assessment of the implementation of organizational, organizational, resource, and technical and technological processes using a universal methodology. The methods and technologies of applying machine learning in the tasks of ensuring and managing security based on data from the information space of the digital economy are presented. The methodology and methods of assessing and forecasting threats and risks, assessing the vulnerability of food and related economic systems, as well as choosing the optimal strategy to counter them are proposed. Algorithms and the most suitable programming languages for the implementation of solutions to the problem are selected. It is noted that all this is possible only if there is an information space organized in accordance with the paradigm of the digital economy.
The article provides an economic assessment of the possibility of using solar collectors to generate electricity in areas unfavorable for agricultural production in the Arctic territories, its use in vertical farms for growing ash. It was concluded that the use of vertical farms and solar collectors is economically consistent. Sharing them can improve overall project efficiency. If we take into account the economic effect of the production of greenery on vertical farms together with the effect of using solar collectors to generate electricity, the payback period will be from 1.1 (small business) to 1.6 years (population).