Within the framework of this study, an assessment is made of the volume of subsidized loans in the agro-industrial complex of Russia. The performance indicators of the use of soft loans by agricultural organizations of the Ulyanovsk region for the period 2016-2020 are considered. The positive role of concessional loans in shaping the dynamics of the industry development, ensuring investment and operational activity in the agricultural sector is revealed. The key aspects of the effectiveness of the implementation of the mechanism for preferential lending to agribusiness enterprises are considered from the perspective of all participants in this process: agricultural producers, regional authorities and authorized banks. The key problems of the implementation of the mechanism of concessional lending to the agro-industrial complex for the period of its operation are identified, among which are: the lag in the growth rate of sales from the growth rate of lending to agricultural enterprises; low efficiency and weak return on bank loans, including those provided on concessional terms; growth of accounts payable of agricultural enterprises. In the context of a record high key rate and increased interest rates on bank loans, a decrease in funding from the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation and changes in the conditions for concessional lending to agro-industrial complex, the problem of revising the current mechanism for concessional lending becomes especially acute.
The final results of the organization's activities largely depend on the quantity, cost, technical level and efficiency of the use of fixed assets: profitability cost of its products, profit, profitability, and financial stability. A radical restructuring of production based on the introduction of a new economic mechanism orients it towards the economically justified use of all its elements, the clear interaction of which, with a rational structure of the means of production, makes it possible to ensure normal economic activity in the new economic conditions. Therefore, for the effective functioning of the enterprise, it is necessary to have certain means and sources. One such source is fixed assets. The reproduction of fixed production assets is an important process of transforming fixed assets, which ultimately determines the state of security and efficient use of these resources in the agriculture of any regional system. The article substantiates the need to study the reproduction process and notes the importance of timely write-off, renewal and technical improvement of fixed assets of any economic entity. The authors assessed the current state, movement and effective use of fixed assets of the agrarian formations of the Ulyanovsk region, supported by research on the sources of financing of capital investments of agricultural organizations in the region and trends in the volume of state support for the reproduction process in the countryside.
Improving the organizational and economic mechanism for the development of peasant farms will allow realizing the entrepreneurial potential in the agricultural sector of the region's economy and make a significant contribution to providing the population of the region with high-quality food products. The improvement of the financial results of peasant farms, the growth of agricultural production and the improvement of the provision of basic types of resources allow us to note the progressive development of peasant farms, which are the main reserve for the development of rural areas. Grouping of peasant farms of the municipalities of the region by the share of income from the sale of crop/livestock products in the total income of peasant farms made it possible to identify their types according to the level of development of income-generating industries, substantiate recommendations for the development of agricultural industries in peasant farms, develop a forecast of their importance in the formation of food resources region.
The state of the environment has a direct impact on the potential development opportunities of the country's economy. Based on official statistical publications, a database of indicators characterizing the ecological and economic security of the municipal districts of the Ulyanovsk region, aggregated into three blocks, was compiled. The normalization of multidirectional and multi-dimensional indicators was carried out by the method of relative differences. As a result of the calculation of integral indices of ecological and economic security, it was revealed that the leaders in this rating are Novospassky (0.70) and Ulyanovsk districts (0.66), the Pavlovsky district (0.34) is recognized as an outsider. By the method of equal intervals, the districts were grouped according to the level of ecological and economic sustainability of development, a cartographic scheme was compiled. The disproportions of ecological and economic development of territories are revealed: 38% of the territory of the Ulyanovsk region is characterized by weak economic development (8 districts out of 21), but only 14% is characterized by a low level of ecological condition (3 districts out of 21). The following methods and techniques were also used in the research process: scientific abstraction, analysis, synthesis, analytical methods, abstract-logical, comparisons, etc.
The article considers the generalized structure of the total damage from a power outage, shows the peculiarity of assessing social and environmental damage, provides a method for determining material damage for large-scale agricultural enterprises using the method of specific damage, taking into account the influence of the factor under study (electricity costs) on the change in the cost of production. When assessing material damage, it is necessary to take into account the consequences of damage to equipment, which includes the following: the need for a complete replacement of failed fixed assets and the need for repair work to restore them. This allows you to define material damage as the cost of fixed assets being replaced, or the cost of their restoration. At the same time, it is necessary to understand that complex engineering and technical systems are used in the agro-industrial complex, therefore, if one element of the system fails due to a power outage, the entire engineering and technical system may need to be replaced or restored, which will lead to a significant increase in material damage. The proposed methodology for assessing material damage from power outages makes it possible to more accurately and adequately assess the impact of this factor on the final results of the activity of agricultural organizations, contributes to the adoption of competent management decisions to minimize such risks, and the effective allocation of resources.
The Russian Federation has great land potential. However, currently there is a reduction in agricultural land, their exclusion from agricultural turnover, transfer to non-agricultural land. In modern conditions, the introduction of informatization and innovations in the production process has become an important factor in the development of agricultural organizations, the effective use and reproduction of agricultural land resources. However, the existing system of indicators for assessing the efficiency of the use and reproduction of agricultural land resources includes indicators of land productivity and composition, but does not characterize this process in terms of information and innovative development. The article proposed an expanded system of indicators of the efficiency of the use and reproduction of agricultural land resources by including indicators of innovative development. The presented methodology for assessing the efficiency of the use and reproduction of agricultural land resources has been tested on the example of the organization of the Nizhny Novgorod region.
The article is devoted to the role of domestic agrarian science and education in the development of the country's agro-industrial complex in the context of unprecedented Western sanctions. The restrictions and risks of both agricultural producers and industry science related to the mobilization economy have been identified. The increase in agricultural production in the country is largely due to an increase in labour productivity in the industry. The need to create technological clusters at agricultural universities of the country on the basis of public-private partnership is justified. The successful development of the country's agricultural sector in "new conditions" is impossible without the involvement and interest of young and qualified personnel (Priority 2030 program, Agricultural Science initiative - a step into the future development of the agro-industrial complex). Amendments to the Federal Law "On Science and State Scientific and Technological Policy" of 23.08.1996 have been proposed, as well as in the Tax Code of the Russian Federation of July 17, 1998 in order to increase the resource and scientific potential of universities and research institutes of the agricultural profile. The significance of the Federal Scientific and Technical Program for the Development of Agriculture for 2017-2025 (hereinafter referred to as the FNTP) in the context of the sanctions struggle is shown. The need to attract private investment in agricultural science has been proven, since the ratio of domestic research and development costs in agriculture to the gross added value created in the industry is almost 1.5 times lower than the same indicator in science as a whole. Concern was expressed about the instability in the personnel support of the domestic agricultural sector of the economy, associated with low wages and poor working and living conditions in rural areas. In conclusion, a set of priority anti-sanction measures aimed at the development of the agricultural sector is given, which can be successfully used in the development of the concept of innovative development of the Russian agro-industrial complex for the medium and long term.
Agricultural production, like any commercial production, is characterized by exposure to the risks of financial condition deterioration, up to bankruptcy and liquidation of enterprises. A study of the risk of bankruptcy probability was conducted using three popular methods among 57 randomly selected agricultural enterprises of the Ulyanovsk region. Various methods such as analysis, synthesis, grouping, etc. were used in the study. The study showed that in 2020 about 21% of the randomly selected enterprises (12 out of 57) had a high risk of bankruptcy probability. Upon a more detailed study of 2 crisis enterprises, it was revealed that in most cases their financial indicators were significantly lower than the industry average. To improve the financial condition of the analyzed organizations, appropriate financial recovery procedures have been proposed.
Today, the issue of ensuring food security is given priority by the state. The State, performing a social function, is obliged to provide the population of its country with physical and economic access to the necessary food. Under the conditions of sanctions and restrictions on foreign trade, the main problem is to achieve the necessary level of self-sufficiency in basic types of food. These circumstances determine the relevance of the study. The article analyzes the level of consumption of basic foodstuffs (using milk as an example), considers the share of food purchase expenses, calculates group indices of food security in the context of the subjects of the Volga Federal District, and assesses the level of food security of the Ulyanovsk region. In terms of food security, the Ulyanovsk region ranks only 11th among the 14 regions analyzed. The main areas of increasing the level of food security in the region in the present conditions are improving the efficiency of agricultural production and measures to preserve and increase real incomes of the population.
The relevance of the chosen study lies in the fact that the problem of the probability of bankruptcy plays a huge role in assessing the financial and economic situation and investment attractiveness of agricultural enterprises and organizations, since this industry is the most risky and requires constant monitoring of the main financial and economic indicators of their activities. In the Ulyanovsk region, there are about 20% of unprofitable agricultural organizations, each of which risks being on the verge of bankruptcy. The greatest risk of bankruptcy is inherent in organizations of the Starokulatkinsky, Baryshsky and Sursky districts. The article presents measures to reduce the probability of bankruptcy of agricultural organizations of the Ulyanovsk region. The recommended risk control and prevention system will allow any agricultural producer to receive a comprehensive assessment of their financial condition and assess the likelihood of bankruptcy.