Digital technologies are becoming an integral part of not only a global, but also a national food security strategy. The formation of digital platforms in the agro-industrial complex and their integration with similar platforms in other areas of the economy can significantly increase the efficiency and quality of management of the agricultural sector and increase the economic efficiency of its functioning. The presented material does not pretend to be the depth of elaboration of issues on each of the issues raised, but it affects the most significant of them. Analytical and expert reviews concerning these issues are selective and subjective. The purpose of this article is to discuss conceptual provisions for organizing state monitoring of food security using digital technologies, which in the future could become the basis of the project. This paper explores key aspects of the introduction of digital technologies into the system of state monitoring of food security. The focus is on components, functions and digital technologies that can be used both in organizing state monitoring of food security and in shaping the implementation of the new paradigm of economic relations in the agro-industrial complex, including government support, concessional lending, taxation, pricing and others. The importance of the proposed changes lies in their ability to strengthen food security at the national, regional and settlement levels. The use of the proposed digital technologies will not only increase the level of self-sufficiency, but also take measures to reduce dependence on external geopolitical factors, increase the effectiveness of state support, and allow making operational management decisions in real time.
The article raises questions about the need to adjust the import substitution model implemented at the current stage of development of the Russian agro-industrial complex, which inevitably entails the expansion of import substitution programs for agricultural and food products. Based on statistical data for 2015-2021. An assessment was made of the country's level of self-sufficiency in basic food products, the dynamics of sown areas was analyzed, and an assessment was made of the effectiveness of the sale of the main types of agricultural products in Russia. Based on the results of the analysis, weaknesses in the implementation of import substitution programs in the agro-industrial complex at the present stage were identified, the main of which are the high dependence on the imported seed stock; lack of highly productive domestic genetic material for livestock industries; restriction of imports of advanced agricultural machinery and technologies, etc. The nature of the limiting factors lies in the model currently being implemented in the agro-industrial complex, which is based on the priority development (and therefore state support) of domestic food production in the most competitive clusters. This, in turn, does not allow us to recreate a single chain of production of final products with high added value. However, in general, despite the remaining problems, we should talk about the effectiveness and high efficiency of import substitution in the Russian agro-industrial complex, which is determined by the faster growth rates of agricultural exports compared to the growth rates of imports. In this regard, individual structural elements of the implemented model of import substitution in the agro-industrial complex, within the framework of the ongoing policy of import substitution and reduction of import dependence in the Russian economy, can be implanted in other sectors. In their study, the authors proceed from the idea (and this constitutes its scientific novelty) about the need to implement in the future a neo-industrial model of import substitution in the agro-industrial complex, which involves the recreation of all value added chains in the national economy: from selection and genetic engineering to the production of competitive technologies as a fundamental factor in increasing Russia's food security in the face of increasing external shocks. To implement the presented model, it is critical in the near future to develop and implement additional government support measures aimed at increasing the production of milk and dairy products, fruits and vegetables; creation of a domestic seed production base, breeding stock of poultry and livestock, as well as protectionist measures for manufacturers of agricultural machinery.
The need to increase the volume of domestic agricultural production actualizes the task of creating mechanisms to support and stimulate demand for innovative products of the agro-industrial complex. Objective of the study: development of tools and mechanisms to support and stimulate demand for domestic innovative products in the agro-industrial complex. Research methods: In the course of the study, monographic, abstract-logical, analytical, economic-statistical research methods were used. The tools and mechanisms of state support and stimulation of demand for domestic innovative products were studied. The analysis of the selection development of domestic agricultural production within the framework of the Federal Scientific and Technical Progress was carried out, the forms of support for stimulating demand for new varieties and planting material, new equipment, feed production technologies, technologies for beef and dairy cattle breeding were studied. Results: Methodological approaches have been developed for restructuring state support for regions in the direction of increasing subsidies, taking into account the achieved level of innovativeness of agricultural production. Based on the proposed approaches, the possible increase in agricultural production in the regions of the Volga Federal District was calculated. Directions for supporting and stimulating demand for domestic innovative products have been developed based on the adaptation of strategic marketing concepts to agro-industrial production. The practical significance of the research results lies in the possibility of their use in developing mechanisms for state support of demand for innovative products and digital technologies in the agro-industrial complex.
The aim of the study was to analyze changes in the organization of land control and determine the directions for its improvement in modern economic conditions.The features of the formation of the regulatory framework during the formation of the land control institution for the period from the beginning of the land reform of the 90s to the present are considered.A conclusion is made about the presence at the federal and regional levels of the necessary system of specific rules, management bodies, their functions and interactions in solving the problems of increasing the responsibility of participants in land relations for compliance with the requirements of land legislation.Using data from Rosreestr, the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation and Rosselkhoznadzor, an assessment is given of the change in the dynamics of control and supervisory activities in the sphere of land use in the country as a whole and in more detail in the regions of the Northwestern Federal district.Proposals are formulated to improve the efficiency of the mechanism for monitoring the protection and use of agricultural land as the most important element in the implementation of state land policy.
Scientific approaches to the development of agriculture substantiate the formation of such organizational and legal forms as industry and regional clusters. Green clusters are a new phenomenon for the Russian economy, but very promising, since their activities are aimed at saturating markets with organic products, applying nature-saving (green) technologies in production. The Volga-Don interfluve is one of the plains of the European part of Russia with intensive agricultural production. The aim of the study was to study the conditions for creating a green agricultural (horticultural) cluster in the Volga-Don interfluve zone. Among the tasks was to study the international and Russian practice of developing green clusters, attracting private investment, creating conditions for the intensification of agricultural production. The object of the study was the agro landscapes of the Volga-Don interfluve and entrepreneurial activity in the agro-industrial complex. Studies have shown that the interfluve is a promising platform for the development of a green horticultural cluster based on the intensification of entrepreneurial activity with a synergistic effect, the formation of environmentally sustainable agrolandscapes. The development of green agricultural clusters in the field of industrial gardening, with the planned output of products from a unit of green space, requires a multifactorial approach with the creation of conditions for the introduction of innovations. Economic and mathematical modeling made it possible to determine the range of positive values for the functioning of a green gardening cluster, and the construction of a standard model, to highlight the strengths that ensure the intensification of gardening, and the weaknesses that indicate insufficient funding and proper logistical support. The formation of green agricultural clusters at the regional level will contribute to the implementation of state policy in ensuring food security, export orientation of agricultural production and the fulfillment of sustainable development goals.
Using the theoretical provisions of economics, the relationship between the ratio of costs of living and materialized labor, simple and complex labor and the possibilities of scientific and technological progress and innovative development in agriculture is substantiated. The different degree of these opportunities is shown in relation to large enterprises and agricultural holdings, medium-sized enterprises and small business entities. One of the features of agricultural production is the objectively justified uneven distribution of the achievements of scientific and technological progress and innovation among different groups of economic entities. Features of living and materialized, simple and complex work determine the nature and possibilities of scientific and technological progress in various sectors of agricultural production. It is concluded that there is a need for a differentiated approach to the development of programs for technological and innovative development for various groups of economic entities in agricultural production.
The stable functioning of a national agro-production system (APS) is essential for any state, as its activities ensure food security and underpin economic independence. However, there are negative external influences on the APS due to an unstable environment. To maintain resilience, the APS must be capable of withstanding shocks, adapting to new conditions, and recovering effectively. This recovery requires sufficient resources, time, and conducive conditions, with the speed of recovery affected by the intensity and duration of the impact. However, merely returning to its original state is insufficient for future success. Changes in the external environment during recovery may hinder the APS's ability to tackle new challenges. Consequently, proactive development strategies are necessary to address impending shocks. After adapting, the APS must transform to ensure continued growth. In practice, successful enterprises are distinguished by their flexibility and resilience, which means that they can quickly navigate challenges while sustaining their capacity for growth. Consequently, stability and resilience are inherently linked. Resilience serves as a resource for economic development, and the resilience of the APS should be evaluated by its ability to recover and function effectively. The stable development of the APS is closely tied to the social, economic, and environmental resilience of the regions where production occurs. In economically flourishing regions, agro-production systems tend to prosper, as resilient regional economies can absorb and recover from shocks. Therefore, robust state-level anti-crisis support for the APS is essential.
The research was conducted in order to determine the significance and direction of the influence of prices for the main types of agricultural products on the profitability of production in agricultural organizations of the Altai Territory, which is one of the developed agricultural regions of Russia. For a more detailed assessment of the studied processes, using the example of milk, which in 2016-2023 formed 11.77-19.03% of the income of agricultural organizations in the Altai Territory, the hypothesis was tested and tested (in the conditions of the analyzed period, region, products) that in legally independent agricultural organizations and economic entities under management The pricing mechanism of holding companies generates significant differences in financial results. The article identifies the main trends in the profitability of agricultural production in the Altai Territory, reveals the low influence of structural factors and the high influence of price factors: in the period 2018-2021, the price environment in agricultural markets was favorable and the level of profitability increased; in 2022-2023, the price environment in agricultural markets was unfavorable and the level of profitability decreased, a long-term "price disparity" has been established. Using the example of milk production, the profitability of production in holding companies and legally independent organizations was compared. It is proved that holding companies operating in the Altai Territory, within the framework of transfer pricing, did not raise prices for controlled transactions, using other financial management tools to maintain the financial condition of agricultural organizations, including intra-holding loans. Higher profitability of milk production in holding companies, low productivity of cows and remuneration of employees is associated with insufficient prevalence of vertical integration in dairy cattle breeding. Prospects for improving the efficiency of dairy cattle breeding in the region are associated with the implementation of large investment projects by federal and regional holdings.
Agriculture is an important sector of the country's economy, which provides its population with food security, and is also a source of export income. The problem for the agricultural sector in Russia is climate change, which significantly affects the production of livestock products, the yield of various agricultural crops. According to Rosstat, gross agricultural output in 2020 increased by 3.3% compared to the previous year. The total volume of agricultural production in Russia amounted to about 6.4 trillion rubles (approximately 87 billion US dollars). The volume of agricultural output at the end of 2023 amounted to 8.34 trillion rubles, which is 0.3% less than in 2022, this was influenced by the inflation factor of - 7.4%. Agriculture in Russia is developing, this is evident from the provision of agricultural products to the population and their export abroad. The problem of insufficient investment own funds for the modernization of fixed assets, the acquisition of innovative, modern technologies for the processing and cultivation of agricultural crops, and the smaller allocation of investment funds from budgets at various levels can affect the further development of the agricultural sector.
The adoption of the Low-Carbon Development Strategy of Russia sets an urgent task for the low-carbon transformation of agriculture in our country. The choice of development trajectories with a decrease in greenhouse gas emissions should be based on a systems approach. To solve such multidimensional and multicriteria problems, mathematical modeling methods are used in the world, allowing taking into account various compromises when choosing acceptable socio-economic and environmental consequences. The purpose of this work is to study the decarbonization potential of regional agro-food systems of Russia under various scenario conditions using the method of model experiments and to obtain predictive estimates of the environmental, economic and social effects of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The information and analytical system DECARBON_SH has been developed and allows to assess the decarbonization potential of agriculture, its variations in many regions, structural shifts in the indicators that determine the state of regional agro-food systems of Russia. The results of calculations performed in this work using DECARBON_SH allow us to state that low-carbon transformation will lead to large-scale structural shifts in regional agro-food systems, however, the increase in sown areas will be an important indicator of the economic development of national agriculture. The carbon load on livestock will lead to a shift in the industry structure towards the number of farm animals with low specific greenhouse gas emissions and to a decrease in the number of dairy cows. In the case of low carbon loads, the industry improves the self-sufficiency of the population for most types of food. Nevertheless, the virtual benefits from the sale of carbon units on the scale of the Russian Federation do not compensate for the losses of agriculture in the event of its implementation of a "rigid" decarbonization strategy.