Based on the classical provisions of the theory, two types of economic development are justified: centrifugal and centripetal. In relation to the agrarian economy, centrifugal development is inherent in large agricultural enterprises and agroholding-type formations, since each owner of production resources (land, labor, capital and entrepreneurship) seeks to extract maximum benefits from it, often using the income received for purposes far from the interests of production. Centripetal economic development is typical for rural local economies, whose subjects are focused on endogenous investment of resources and self-development. The conclusion is made about the priority of state support in modern conditions of economic entities and farms corresponding to the centripetal type of economic development.
agricultural sector is faced with serious tasks to significantly increase production, and the current forms and instruments of state support for the industry allow it to provide only an inertial development scenario. The analysis showed that despite the negative situation associated with external and internal factors, in 2023 almost all the main indicators of the State Program were met: there was a strengthening of the country’s food security and the development of import substitution. However, a significant negative trend is a decrease in the average number of workers in agriculture, a decrease in the level of profitability, low investment activity and an increase in the share of unprofitable and low-profit agricultural organizations. The article notes that the main task of state support for the industry is to create a motivation system in which every economic entity benefits and, in general, the efficiency of the entire industry increases. The author reveals the institutional basis for the formation of state support in the agricultural sector of the economy. An analysis of the areas of subsidies is carried out, their assessment is given, and it is emphasized that due to changes in business conditions, the main mechanisms of state support in 2024 have undergone a significant transformation. The article emphasizes the need to develop new approaches and forms of state support for the agro-industrial complex that can ensure dynamic and sustainable growth based on increased competitiveness and efficiency. It is noted that it is now extremely important to update the main goals, objectives and mechanisms for implementing the State Program; it is also necessary to update the Strategy for the Development of the Agro-Industrial Complex for the period until 2030.
The conducted research is devoted to an urgent topic related to state support for import-dependent sub-sectors of the agricultural sector of the country's economy. It is noted that in conditions of risks and uncertainties associated with the sanctions of unfriendly states, the provision of domestic agricultural producers with means of production remains at an unacceptably low level. The influence of various measures of state support on the development of import-dependent sub-sectors of the agricultural sector of the economy is shown and its main forms are determined: direct, indirect, indirect. The multidimensional content of state support made it possible to consider the totality of elements of its impact on agricultural science – import substitution of high-tech means of production (breeding, seed, planting material, plant and animal protection products, tractors and agricultural machinery), food and economic security of the country. The basic principles of assessing state support for import-dependent sectors of the agricultural sector are given, based on the effect-cost ratio, when the accumulated benefit exceeds the total cost of their implementation. Special measures of state support for such import-dependent branches of the agro-industrial complex as the provision of agricultural production and processing industry with technical means and technological equipment, seed and breeding material, chemical plant and animal protection products are given. In a situation of high uncertainty, the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation has taken a number of operational measures to provide the domestic market with agricultural machinery, breeding and genetic material, and chemical plant protection products. Mechanisms and tools to ensure technological sovereignty in import-dependent sub-sectors of the agricultural sector are proposed, which can be used in the national project of technological sovereignty in the field of food security within the framework of the April 2024 instructions of the President of the country to the Cabinet of Ministers.
Import substitution in the agro-industrial complex is a priority direction of the national strategy for ensuring the country's food security. The state program to support the development of the agro-industrial complex provides for stimulation of investment and innovation activities in order to accelerate import substitution. In recent years, significant results have been achieved in this regard in the field of agriculture. However, the high level of import dependence in industries related to agriculture, such as agricultural engineering, poses a serious threat to the agro-industrial complex as a whole and requires detailed analysis. The import dependence of the production of agricultural machinery remains both in the area of providing fixed production assets and in the area of providing material resources (raw materials, materials, components). Within the framework of this study, the author's methodology for assessing the dependence on imports to ensure the production of agricultural engineering products with material resources is described. The methodology involves calculating indicators characterizing the level of risk of import dependence. A risk map, which is constructed on the basis of the obtained values of import dependence indicators, allows you to classify risks by degree of criticality. The paper presents an algorithm of possible actions if risks of import dependence in supplying production with material resources are identified. The practical aspect of implementing this approach is illustrated by the example of an agricultural engineering enterprise in the Altai Territory, which allows us to assess the possibility of its application in a real business environment.
The article presents an approach to the assessment of intersectoral relations in respect to the actors of the dairy food chain by the example of the Republic of Bashkortostan and the Voronezh region. The methodology comprises the staging of calculations: at the first stage, the actors of each link are formed into one group and, on the basis of ranking by the value of net profit margin on capital, organizations are determined whose values of this indicator are higher than the average value for the analyzed set to identify “leaders” in each link; at the second stage, “leaders” are formed, i.e., organizations distributed by the reproduction type. This makes it possible to assess the level of entrepreneurial activity of small, medium and large business entities integrated into the dairy food chain, with reference to the regional specificity.
The article is devoted to the analysis of methods for assessing the economic efficiency of agricultural organizations to achieve the set goal - the search for increasing the economic efficiency of agricultural organizations in modern economic conditions, using the example of a pig-breeding complex.Taking into account the specifics and characteristics of the agricultural sector of the economy, assessing the economic efficiency of agricultural organizations requires the use of complex methods and analysis techniques.It is believed that groups and classification systems of indicators should take into account the main factor - production.A comprehensive description of the financial, economic and organizational activities of JSC Uralsky Pig Farm is given.It is noted that, based on current trends, there is an increase in feed prices, which automatically leads to an increase in production costs and an increase in the cost of the product in livestock farming.The problem statement is that the use of expensive prestarter feeds and the rise in prices of compound feeds in recent years has led to an uncontrollable increase in feed costs in the complex, increasing them by almost 25%, regardless of the influence of management.In order to reduce the cost of production and ensure the strategic security of the Ural Pig Farm JSC, it is necessary to consider the development of a business project to open a feed production workshop, which will ensure continuous feeding of animals and solve the main problem of the economy - the effective distribution of production factors, taking into account limited resources and social needs.
The dairy industry in the Russian Federation is showing progressive growth. For 2010-2021 gross milk production increased by 2.64%. In 42 out of 79 constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the scale of the industry is decreasing and the reorganization of this sector of the economy is almost impossible. 37 constituent entities of the Russian Federation demonstrated over the same period the development of the dairy cattle breeding industry. In the article, the author revealed the presence of a correlation between the pace of development of the dairy industry and the amount of state support. The existing measures of centralized regulation were analyzed - preferential lending, compensating and stimulating subsidies, reimbursement of part of the costs incurred, etc. In conclusion, the author proposed to improve and strengthen some of them to ensure efficiency and investment activity in the industry. To achieve these goals, it is necessary to find additional reserves for financial support of concessional lending and optimize the mechanism for reimbursement of part of the costs incurred by agricultural producers.
The agro-industrial complex is traditionally one of the strategically important sectors of the country's economy as a guarantee of its reliable food security. Scientific research in the field of economics, land relations and social development of the village, which were conducted on 23 topics, was aimed at solving the systemic problems of the development of the agro-industrial complex. They were attended by 7 scientific institutions in Moscow, Voronezh, St. Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Saratov, Rostov-on-Don and Crimea. The article presents the materials of the report of Academician Altukhov A.I. on May 17, 2023 at a general meeting of members of the Department of Agricultural Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
An analysis of the use of agricultural land in the Republic of Buryatia shows that the dynamics of the use of the total area of agricultural land is positive. Nevertheless, the Republic of Buryatia is one of the regions with a high share of unclaimed land plots (4th place among the regions in terms of unclaimed). In the total volume of agricultural land in the Republic of Belarus, the sown area occupies 52.8%. In this regard, the retrospective analysis of the use of sown areas is dictated by the need to obtain information on various aspects of their condition and types of use, in order to obtain data that make it possible to identify directions for ensuring effective and rational land use. The processes of reduction of sown areas in the regions of the Russian Federation proceed with their own peculiarities, they are influenced by many factors from natural and climatic to historically developed geographical and economic. The stages of the dynamics of sown areas in the republic, as well as the stages of the use of sown areas for agricultural crops are highlighted. In the course of the study, it was revealed that the identified stages do not coincide with each other. An assessment of the efficiency of the use of sown areas depending on the yield of agricultural crops has been carried out In the republic, the efficiency of the use of sown areas for potatoes and vegetables in the open ground has significantly increased. There is also an increase in the efficiency of the use of sown areas for cereals and legumes, and hay for perennial grasses. The efficiency of the use of sown areas for hay of summer grasses and hay of natural hayfields has not changed much. The regularity of the distribution of municipal districts of the republic by the share of sown areas with their distribution by the level of soil fertility has not been revealed.
The research carried out a forecast of environmental and economic damage in the period from 2024 to 2034 for agricultural enterprises in the Bryansk, Tula, Oryol and Kaluga regions, which were most contaminated by the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. Calculations show that the only region where there are agricultural territories unsuitable for agricultural production is the Bryansk region. The total area of territories with high levels of pollution without reclamation measures during the period under review will decrease from 46 thousand hectares to 37 thousand hectares. The most polluted areas are Novozybkovsky and Gordeevsky districts. Despite the reduction in the area of pollution, the economic damage from the inability to produce crop products will increase from 1.1 to 2.2 billion rubles per year due to inflation. The economic damage from the inability to produce crop products in the period from 2024 to 2034 in the Bryansk region will amount to approximately 14.9 billion rubles.