The study is devoted to assessing the food supply of the regions of the Far North, where special climatic conditions and remoteness from major transport routes pose serious challenges to ensuring sustainable access to food. The authors analyze the consumption of basic foods, comparing the results with the established regulatory consumption standards. In addition, data on the degree of self-sufficiency in basic foodstuffs are presented, as well as the possible consequences of a further decline in the production of these goods are discussed. In addition, methods for increasing food security are discussed. The study emphasizes the need for an integrated approach to solving the problem of food security, through the use of modern technology - vertical farming.
The paper provides a retrospective analysis of the development of collective forms of management in the domestic economy. Based on the works of domestic and foreign researchers, statistical data, the historical prerequisites for the successful development of collective forms of management in domestic agriculture, based on a communal socio-economic basis characteristic of the country's history, are substantiated. Collective forms of management were criticized during the reforms at the end of the last century, but the current economic situation has revealed the shortcomings of the dominant forms of management based on private ownership. New approaches to effective management in the industry can be drawn from studying the positive results in the historical heritage and understanding the value of accumulated domestic management experience.
The article presents a methodology for subsidizing dairy production in the regions of Russia, using a production profitability model that depends on the following factors: producer price, unit cost of production, volume of milk produced, the amount of indirect costs and the amount of subsidies allocated for dairy production. Based on the model, elasticity coefficients of production model profitability are calculated for the listed factors. The most influential values of elasticity coefficients by type and region are determined. Based on the selected elasticity coefficients, a list of regions is determined in which a change in one of the factors can most significantly increase the profitability of dairy production. The selected list of regions is included in the Volga Federal District (VFD). When comparing the model list of regions allocated for subsidies with the actual top-rated list of regions of the Russian Federation for milk production in 2023, there is a coincidence between the model and actual list for four of the six selected regions. The close geographical location of the model list of dairy production regions in the Volga Federal District is noted and a recommendation is made to create a production and marketing dairy cluster in one of the selected regions. Data on the maximum and minimum annual productivity of dairy cows in the regions of the Russian Federation according to data for 2020 are provided and compared with similar data in the EU and the USA. There is a slight difference between the annual milk productivity of cows in the most productive regions of the Russian Federation and the average annual productivity in the EU and the USA.
In the modeled effective land management system, the method of fuzzy-cognitive modeling developed earlier by the authors was applied and significantly developed, different from the most common methods of pair comparisons V.D. Silova and T. Saati topics, that the negative-positive pairs of concepts recommended by them are used only as a special case in the model for correcting the economic behavior of land market entities, where negative and positive actions, events, etc. really occur. But even in this case, not transitively closed matrices are used, but a simple operation of the algebra of fuzzy sets "complement." This allows us to take advantage of a number of operations on fuzzy sets in order to obtain quite interesting states (stages) and parameters of the designed models, which make it possible to significantly enrich the tools for analyzing simulated processes, expand the range and concretize possible management decisions during and during the completion of modeling. This methodological technique made it possible to significantly simplify the formation of fuzzy-cognitive models (NKM), which made it possible to develop, along with the main basic model, several frequent ones that reveal certain aspects of building an effective land management system in agriculture. The options (methods) developed and applied during the study for gradually complicating the requirements for expert (primary) information for constructing the NKM can be used in other similar studies. The methodological technique of phased complication (from simple to complex) can be useful in the selection and assessment of the competence of invited experts and subject researchers: a simple comparison of two concepts; two options for setting the initial information ("the share of the i-th concept in the pair interaction" and "the strength of the inter-factor interaction"); the same with the addition of an event probability indicator; a full-fledged fuzzy-cognitive matrix. The computational and analytical mechanism used in the research process can be used for machine learning in order to develop artificial intelligence (AI).
Given the high socio-economic importance of rural areas for the country and the fact that even in the generally developed regions of the Russian Federation (including the Republic of Bashkortostan) there are depressed rural areas with a low quality of life, one of the key areas of socio-economic policy implemented by the Russian Government in recent years is sustainable development. rural areas. The sustainable development of depressed rural areas should involve a broad diversification of the rural economy and the activation of the cooperative movement at the municipal, sub-regional, regional and federal levels. Strategies and programs for the development of municipal districts and individual sectors of the modern rural economy (agriculture, processing industry, small and medium-sized businesses, tourism, etc.) should be based on careful monitoring data, complement each other, and be developed with the involvement of active villagers to improve their effectiveness. The purpose of this study is to analyze, using the example of the Republic of Bashkortostan, the current state, problems and prospects of sustainable development of depressed rural areas of Russia based on economic diversification and the intensification of the cooperative movement. The empirical basis of this study is Rosstat data, materials from author's research of rural areas of the Republic of Bashkortostan, from the mid-1990s to the present.
The article studies the world potato market, compares the main indicators (gross harvest, sown area and potato yield) of the BRICS countries, BRICS partner countries with the G7 countries. World potato prices are considered, including in the countries of these associations (BRICS, G7). A study of potato use channels is conducted by examining the balances of food resources. The provision of the population with potatoes is analyzed, as a result of which countries with overproduction of potatoes per capita, as well as countries with a deficit in potato demand, are identified. Based on the study, the main prospects for the development of the world potato market in the BRICS and G7 countries are identified.
The fisheries sector of the Kyrgyz Republic is at the stage of intensive development. One of the actively developing areas is aquaculture, the sustainable growth of which can be ensured with an integrated approach to increasing the production potential of the industry and creating conditions to stimulate its development. This growth opens up new opportunities for the development of the Republic and the increase of jobs, as well as contributes to meeting the needs of the population in high-quality fish and fish products. To propose options for improving the efficiency of the development of aquaculture in the Kyrgyz Republic, an analysis of its condition and measures of state support was carried out.
The article searches for strategic innovations for the development of Russian agriculture (crop production). For this purpose, the concept of strategic innovations and the methodology of their selection are preliminarily developed. The concept of strategic innovation is based on the ability of a particular radical innovation to lead to significant changes in production technologies in the industry in question. The methodology of selecting strategic innovations includes: 1) the economic principle according to which a strategic innovation should lead to a decrease in production costs (for all crops and soil and climatic conditions); 2) the instruments of isoquants and isocosts along with the arguments that are used to forecast technical progress when replacing an existing technology with a more efficient one; 3) the classification of strategic types of agricultural technologies used for the initial analysis and selection of potential strategic innovations. In the course of applying this methodology, two candidates for the role of strategic innovations were selected – digital technologies (robotics) and biotechnology (editing the genome of agricultural seeds). After a detailed analysis, the choice of the status of a strategic innovation for Russian agriculture was made in relation to the genome-editing technology. This innovation can significantly accelerate the development of domestic seed production.
The purpose of this article is to systematize methodological approaches and substantiate an alternative point of view on assessing the sustainability of agricultural development. The empirical basis of the study was Russian and foreign scientific publications devoted to the methodological aspects of assessing the sustainability of agricultural development, the specifics of the processes of balanced use of production factors, indicators and tools for assessing sustainability. Based on the generalization of interdisciplinary literature, the article provides a comparative analysis of traditional methodological approaches to constructing indicators of sustainable development, considers their advantages and disadvantages. The interrelations and debatable issues between individual concepts were identified, which made it possible to substantiate an alternative approach to assessing the sustainability of agriculture, based on the analysis of material and monetary flows in the implementation of sustainability priorities (economic, social and environmental), which simultaneously serve as the basis for the reproduction of production factors (economic, human and natural capital). Its use makes it possible to calculate the potential for sustainable agricultural development as the amount of investment adjusted for the valuation of the balance of human and natural capital. The developed indicator can be used as a measure of sustainable agricultural development. Using the available data, it can be used to analyze trends in sectoral development at both the state and regional levels, as well as at the level of individual agribusiness entities to better understand the current situation in this area and ensure effective regulation to maintain sustainable development in the long term.
In accordance with the Order of the Government of the Russian Federation dated May 20, 2023 No. 1315-r, technological leadership is understood as the superiority of technologies and (or) products in terms of key parameters (functional, technical, cost) over foreign analogues. The article is devoted to the transfer of the domestic agro-industrial complex to the trajectory of technological leadership, with the help of such an institution as JSC Rosselkhozbank (hereinafter also referred to as the bank), which is designed at the state level to promote the development of the manufacturing sector, rural areas, agricultural science and scientific and technological progress in the industry. It is noted that achieving new horizons for the development of the innovation cycle in agricultural production is possible only by creating a new model of interaction between the bank and scientific and educational institutions of the agricultural profile, based on the principles of managing the implementation of "end-to-end" projects with the provision of timely financing at each stage of their implementation in order to solve the general task of transferring advanced technologies to the agricultural sector of the country's economy. JSC Rosselkhozbank is the main credit institution in the agro-industrial complex, which increased the issuance of investment loans from RUB 269 billion to RUB 500 billion, or 1.9 times, in the period from 2019 to 2023 alone. It is shown that the bank finances the agricultural sector in 5 areas: seasonal field work, production modernization, project financing, financing of small agribusiness and support for agricultural exporters. An analysis of the main areas of financing the agricultural business, as well as the concept of "RSHB - more than a bank", aimed at solving industry problems, priorities and is carried out not only through traditional banking services, but also on the basis of digital services and offline projects. Additional measures to improve the activities of JSC Rosselkhozbank have been developed and proposed for implementation, which will ensure technological leadership of the domestic agro-industrial complex.