OPPORTUNITIES FOR INCREASING FOOD SECURITY IN RUSSIA THROUGH THE DEVELOPMENT OF IMPORT SUBSTITUTION PROGRAMS

DOI 10.32651/2411-12

Issue № 11, 2024, article № 2, pages 12-19

Section: Program-target management of development of agricultural production

Language: Russian

Original language title: ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ ПОВЫШЕНИЯ ПРОДОВОЛЬСТВЕННОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ РОССИИ ЗА СЧЕТ РАЗВИТИЯ ПРОГРАММ ИМПОРТОЗАМЕЩЕНИЯ

Keywords: FOOD SECURITY, SELF-SUFFICIENCY, IMPORT SUBSTITUTION, AGRO-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX, NEO-INDUSTRIAL MODEL

Abstract: The article raises questions about the need to adjust the import substitution model implemented at the current stage of development of the Russian agro-industrial complex, which inevitably entails the expansion of import substitution programs for agricultural and food products. Based on statistical data for 2015-2021. An assessment was made of the country's level of self-sufficiency in basic food products, the dynamics of sown areas was analyzed, and an assessment was made of the effectiveness of the sale of the main types of agricultural products in Russia. Based on the results of the analysis, weaknesses in the implementation of import substitution programs in the agro-industrial complex at the present stage were identified, the main of which are the high dependence on the imported seed stock; lack of highly productive domestic genetic material for livestock industries; restriction of imports of advanced agricultural machinery and technologies, etc. The nature of the limiting factors lies in the model currently being implemented in the agro-industrial complex, which is based on the priority development (and therefore state support) of domestic food production in the most competitive clusters. This, in turn, does not allow us to recreate a single chain of production of final products with high added value. However, in general, despite the remaining problems, we should talk about the effectiveness and high efficiency of import substitution in the Russian agro-industrial complex, which is determined by the faster growth rates of agricultural exports compared to the growth rates of imports. In this regard, individual structural elements of the implemented model of import substitution in the agro-industrial complex, within the framework of the ongoing policy of import substitution and reduction of import dependence in the Russian economy, can be implanted in other sectors. In their study, the authors proceed from the idea (and this constitutes its scientific novelty) about the need to implement in the future a neo-industrial model of import substitution in the agro-industrial complex, which involves the recreation of all value added chains in the national economy: from selection and genetic engineering to the production of competitive technologies as a fundamental factor in increasing Russia's food security in the face of increasing external shocks. To implement the presented model, it is critical in the near future to develop and implement additional government support measures aimed at increasing the production of milk and dairy products, fruits and vegetables; creation of a domestic seed production base, breeding stock of poultry and livestock, as well as protectionist measures for manufacturers of agricultural machinery.

Authors: Zonova Olga Vasilevna, SHeveleva Oksana Borisovna, Slesarenko Ekaterina Vladimirovna