Currently, the ecosystem approach is gaining traction in economic research, enabling a thorough exploration of interactions within self-organizing socio-economic systems. Despite its potential, however, this approach remains largely overlooked in agricultural studies, primarily due to the absence of corresponding theoretical and methodological frameworks. However, digital ecosystems in the agro-industrial complex, notably agriculture, garner significant scholarly attention. Agricultural production is deeply intertwined with the biological ecosystem, resulting in the creation of distinct primary-level ecosystems. Subsequent production ecosystems emerge from the processing of agricultural products. Major companies in secondary production ecosystems, particularly in food and processing industries, rely on raw material suppliers in close proximity. Agricultural organizations produce a wide range of goods and this diversity allows them to play important roles in multiple production sectors beyond agriculture. However, in the process of setting prices for their products, agricultural organizations often overlook the economic interests of their suppliers providing raw materials. Agricultural commodity producers not only interact with the biotic ecosystem but also engage with the social environment and infrastructure of rural settlements, serving as key actors in the social ecosystems of municipalities, rural settlements, and districts. The ecosystem approach is vital for Russia's national food system, safeguarding against unjustified reductions in procurement prices and price hikes for food items. The Ministry of Agriculture of Russia should assume an integrating role in the national agri-food and digital ecosystems. Additionally, there is a need for methodological tools to develop and implement an ecosystem approach in the operation of agricultural ecosystems.
The article considers two groups of agricultural industries in Russia, whose development scenarios in 2000-2023 are analysed through the theory of industries with decreasing or increasing costs. The estimated price elasticity of production is used as an indicator of industry type. It is quantitativelyconfirmed that dairy and beef cattle are among the industries with increasing costs, while pork, meat poultry and wheat production are among the industries with decreasing costs. Thus, the maximum elasticity, i.e. the reaction of production to price growth by 1%, was characteristic of meat poultry production – 1.59, the minimum – for dairy cattle – 0.13. In other words, a price increase of 0.6 per cent and 7.5 per cent respectively, all else being equal, was needed to increase production by 1 per cent. It is shown that industries with decreasing costs are driven mainly by market price support. Subsidies and transfers linked to a unit of output or resource accounted for a much larger share of support to industries with increasing costs. The role of industrial technologies of conveyor type in transferring pork and poultry production to the scenario of industries with decreasing costs was analysed. We discuss their limitations related to the threshold of economies of scale, growth of veterinary, phytosanitary and environmental risks, and limited opportunities to realise local competitive advantages. The transition to adaptive highly industrialised production is considered as one of the options to overcome these limitations. In conclusion, we propose adjustments to agricultural state support in order to maintain (and transition – in the case of dairy and beef cattle) the development trajectory according to the scenario of industries with decreasing costs and public welfare growth.
The aim of the work is to develop a system of methodological methods for assessing and analyzing the budgetary efficiency of enterprises in the fishery complex of Russia. The developed economic model of the Russian fishery complex of the Russian Federation indicates the presence of dominants in the development of industry companies through the prism of «cutting off» unproductive costs and energy saving. Based on the generalization of methodological approaches to the calculation of indicators of economic and budgetary efficiency for foreign economic activity «Fishing and fish farming», the article presents the dynamics of production costs and profitability of assets in industry organizations over the study period from 2018-2022. As a result of summarizing the statistics, recommendations are made for monitoring the cost of fuel and lubricants resources and energy consumption tariffs, wage rates for employees of fishery enterprises. The presented solution is proposed to be implemented in the form of a system for planning the effectiveness of budget expenditures in the field of fisheries when designing the Federal Law «On the Federal Budget for 2024 and the planning period 2025-2026».
As a general research methodology, portfolio analysis was used, which makes it possible to compare market entities based on significant parameters of the dynamics of profitability indicators of agricultural holdings and industry structure. As a method, a matrix is proposed to compare the company’s EBITDA and relative market share. The identified trends in the integration of agricultural holdings assets show that at the moment the formation of the structure of land banks of the main market participants as the important basis of agricultural production is relevant, the continuation of the trend of formation of assets in accordance with the formation of vertically integrated chains of production of goods and the emerging trend of horizontal integration of assets as a result of which a dominant market participant is being formed. The results obtained show that in the current situation, according to the methodology of the matrix used, it is possible to conclude that Rosagro Group of Companies is promising to intensify its activities in the direction of integrating assets in the divisions of fat and oil production and sugar production in order to protect the dominant position of the agricultural holding in the designated segments. The obtained result of the study is expressed in the form of a conceptual vision of the strategy for integrating the assets of the agricultural holding for future periods; the presented approach allows us to predict the situation on the market, analyze its processes and develop measures for the company’s timely response to external changes.
The purpose of the study is to identify the main trends in the development of agriculture in the region at the present stage of its functioning, including those related to the formation and development of agricultural holdings. The article defines the stages of development of agriculture in the Altai Territory from 1991 to the present, characterizes each of them, including the following trends for the period from 2015: increased structural shifts in the structure of gross agricultural output at current prices with a decrease in the proportion of households, the absence of practice of transformation of commodity farms migration of the population to family farms, concentration of resources in the ownership of agricultural holdings; increasing the importance of holding companies against the background of the departure of some of the "integrators of the 90s" from the structure of owners of agricultural organizations and smoothing out differences in the structure of commodity products of organizations within holding formations and independently functioning organizations; strengthening the differentiation of agricultural organizations in terms of production volumes, income and access to budget funds; a significant increase in the production of marginal types of crop production, food industry products of the Altai Territory and overcoming trends in decreasing milk production in agricultural organizations and peasant (farmer) farms with a decrease in milk production in households; improving the price situation in the main markets crop production, increasing the level of profitability of production, improving the financial condition of enterprises up to and including 2022; strengthening indirect measures of state regulation of food markets, including food pricing, tariff and non-tariff measures for the export of agricultural products. It is noted that the prospects for stabilizing the financial results and financial condition of agricultural business entities are associated with the price situation of commodity markets, the realization of reserves for increasing production volumes in export-oriented agricultural holdings and large independently operating agricultural organizations.
As part of the work, an assessment of the economic efficiency for the most radioactively contaminated agricultural enterprises in the Bryansk region in the period from 2024 to 2034 was carried out using the NPV and IRR method. Previous studies have demonstrated that reclamation measures are necessary on 46 thousand hectares of territory due to the fact that, as of 2024, it is impossible to grow crop products that meet veterinary standards in these areas. The estimated damage to agricultural lands in the Bryansk region will be about 14.9 billion rubles. With a one-time implementation of agrochemical reclamation measures in the form of applying potassium-phosphorus fertilizers, the area of radioactively contaminated land will decrease by 88.6% to 5.2 thousand hectares. The net present value (NPV) in the period from 2024 to 2034 will be 11.8 billion rubles with an internal rate of return (IRR) of 17.8%.
Due to the critical state of the dairy industry, the problem of developing specialized beef cattle breeding in the country has become topical again. Beef cattle breeding is not an independent branch of animal husbandry, but one of the specialized areas in the "cattle breeding" industry, since, like dairy, it belongs to the same animal type - the cattle. The combination of factors that determine the productivity and economic efficiency of beef production from beef cattle forms the general concept of "specialized beef cattle breeding». The country is rapidly approaching the fact that soon the domestic beef market will be formed mainly due to import. Even if we manage to stabilize beef production at dairy cattle breeding, at least 1.3 million more tons of beef will be needed to provide the consumption of our country. Therefore, specialized beef cattle breeding should develop, the conditions for this in Russia are more favorable than in most other countries of the world. At the same time, increasing the beef cattle livestock is a long-term work and requires significant strengthening of the breeding base. The development of beef cattle breeding will contribute to the involvement of currently vacant lands in agricultural production and the revival of rural settlements in all Federal Districts of the Russian Federation.
The factors determining the effectiveness of the formation, functioning and development of the domestic beet-sugar subcomplex, including factors of natural-climatic, organizational-economic and technical-technological groups, have been identified and classified. The main threats in the area under consideration have been identified, including critical dependence on seeds of Western selection and imported specialized equipment for beet growing, high depreciation of the material and technical base of breeders, producers and processors of sugar beets, non-equivalence of economic relations between them and other areas of the agro-industrial complex. Among the priority areas for the development of the domestic beet-sugar subcomplex, mutually beneficial integration of participants was noted, ensuring the accelerated creation and development of industry innovations. The economic efficiency of determining the optimal sizes and boundaries of raw material production zones in the beet-sugar subcomplex is substantiated, taking into account the potential for growth in production volumes and the competitiveness of sugar by improving the organizational, economic, technical and technological conditions for all participants in the production cycle. A generalized scheme for the balanced functioning of the regional beet-sugar subcomplex has been developed, taking into account the expected benefits of cooperation and integration of participants in the beet-sugar subcomplex within individual production and raw material zones. The results obtained during the study were compared with the results of studies in a similar subject area published in leading periodicals.
The purpose of the research is to assess the economic efficiency of crop rotations with a different proportion of soy saturation. In the Amur Region, as of 2022, 78.6% of the sown area is occupied by soybeans. The article presents data on assessing the economic efficiency of crop rotations depending on the share of soybeans in their structure. Laboratory studies were carried out in the laboratory of agriculture, agrochemistry and plant protection of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Research Center All-Russian Research Institute of Soybeans. The yield data of agricultural crops is given depending on the predecessor. The dependence of soybean yield on the share of this crop in crop rotation has been established. The advantage of cultivating soybeans in crop rotations with 40 and 50% saturation with this crop relative to its monoculture has been established.
Modern conditions of increasing dependence of the country on its own resources predetermine the search for new approaches to the assessment and development of the agro-food market, an important source and underused reserve of which is the spatial organization of local markets. The achievement of stable food supply, which is subject to the influence of internal conditions and external threats, justifies the need to assess the state and development of the market in the spatial aspect. The problem of spatial development of agrarian markets currently arouses considerable interest on the part of researchers and practitioners; at the same time, the methodological tools for assessing local agrarian markets, which allow to form a clear idea of their state and organization in space, are poorly developed. The methodological tools for assessing local agrarian markets, allowing forming a clear picture of their state and organization in space, are poorly developed. The unresolved nature of a number of debated issues of spatial analysis of local agricultural markets in the context of the transition from globalization to regionalization, which affected all sectors and caused metamorphoses in agriculture, determines the importance and practice-oriented significance of this study, predetermines its methodological and empirical value. The paper studies the definition of “local market” and identifies the characteristic features that are important for the development of a methodological approach to the analysis of the state and spatial development of local agrarian markets. The author's methodological approach is proposed, which includes the following stages: expert-analytical, calculation-analytical and the stage of interpretation of the results obtained. The system of indicators, grouped into 4 blocks, allowing assessing the main spatial characteristics of the market, reflecting the level of food supply, density and concentration of commodity resources of the market, the importance of local segments for the national market and the development of inter-regional ties. The proposed methodological approach has been tested, as a result of which local meat markets in the Central Federal District have been identified.