Statistical data regulating issues of socio-economic development are presented on the example of municipalities of the Nizhny Novgorod region selected as a result of cluster analysis, provided in official sources of the Federal State Statistics Service. General scientific methods (analysis and synthesis, abstraction and generalization), specific scientific (special) methods (economic analysis, statistical and economic method) were used. A method of scenario forecasting of the development of social infrastructure in rural areas is proposed, integrating the analysis of long-term trends and exponential smoothing to obtain differentiated estimates and develop targeted recommendations. Based on the results obtained, three variants of forecast scenarios were compiled, obtained on the basis of economic and mathematical models, interconnected based on the logic of the study. The simultaneous use of these models makes it possible to increase the level of reliability and objectivity of the analysis of available information and the likelihood of scenario forecasts for the development of social infrastructure in rural areas. The development of social infrastructure contributes to increasing the competitiveness of rural areas and attractiveness, as well as the implementation of social guarantees for all citizens.
The article examines the specifics of the participation of the population (residents of settlements) in the development of rural areas (based on the materials of a large macroregion – the Northwestern Federal District) on the example of municipal elections, the activities of non-profit organizations, the activity of the population in social networks in order to substantiate the directions and tools for further development and increase the effectiveness of various forms of such participation; the results are also presented a questionnaire survey of the heads of municipalities of the Northwestern Federal District, conducted in 2023. The results of the study revealed a higher potential of the rural population for the activities of non-profit organizations in the field of solving problems and problems of municipal development, as well as a higher activity of residents when discussing local issues in the Internet space. To increase the scale and effectiveness of various forms and mechanisms of civic participation, a number of recommendations have been proposed, including those significant from the point of view of the expected new reform of local government.
The article shows the current state and prospects of rural development with a focus on the impact of youth. The dynamics of the rural population is presented, an analysis of the target indicators of sustainable development of rural areas of the Russian Federation is carried out. Young people are becoming an important element that can influence the choice of the direction of development of agriculture and the entire rural economy, activities for the development of rural areas are presented. The active participation of young people in the life of the village helps to form a positive image of rural areas, makes them more attractive for living and working. Young people are actively involved in various initiative programs, projects, events that are aimed at developing rural spaces. Youth participation in rural life creates new opportunities for the future, helping to meet challenges and transform rural areas into vibrant communities. To support such processes, it is necessary to establish cooperation between various parties: the state, the private sector and the population.
The strategic orientation of the use of the spatial and sectoral potential for the development of rural areas is due to the consideration of rural territorial specifics and the peculiarities of the functioning of various sectors of the economy in the countryside. Based on this, rural spatial and sectoral potential (a different combination of resources, reserves and opportunities) will ensure the influx of population and investments into the countryside, which will contribute to improving the standard and quality of life of rural residents. In this vein, a methodology was developed that made it possible to assess the impact of strategic spatial and sectoral potential on the development of rural areas through a system of indicators that include the spatial and sectoral characteristics of rural municipalities, as well as rural development (financial, economic, infrastructure and social). When testing this methodology in 2022, 5 groups of rural areas of the Lipetsk region were obtained, which, combined with subsequent forecasting for 2027 and 2030, made it possible to substantiate 3 types of municipalities: stably developing areas (33.3%), remained at the same level of development (22.2%), not developing (44.5%). Recommendations were proposed at the regional and municipal levels, allowing to take into account the rational use of spatial and sectoral potential for the development of rural areas and to substantiate the main priorities for maintaining the specialization of the rural economy and expanding other types of activities in the countryside.
In connection with the economic transformations of the domestic agro-industrial complex, there is a need to update the priority directions of scientific and technological development of the agricultural sector and develop effective mechanisms for their implementation, which will determine the most rational measures of state support for innovative activities in agricultural production. It is noted that in modern conditions, a systematic approach has been actively used in economic research, which has not received proper scientific study in the agricultural sector. Therefore, when developing priority areas for scientific and technological development of agricultural production, it is advisable to consider it as a complex socio-economic system in which biological and natural factors are closely intertwined with technological, social and economic subsystems. Their development is based on the intensification of agricultural production, which is the main condition for its reproduction. It is concluded that the priority directions of scientific and technological development of agricultural production, in turn, determine the appropriate priorities for the development of science in order to develop high-tech means of production, which are of paramount importance for achieving technological leadership and are designed to ensure the industrialization of the agro-industrial complex. Research has shown that an important methodological feature in determining the priority directions of scientific and technological development is the differentiation of their factors: biological (breeding and genetic), technological, technical and social, which are closely related to each other and reflect the processes of reproduction of the system under study. The main groups of factors of scientific and technological development of the agricultural sector and their corresponding priority areas of research in certain sectors and areas of the agro-industrial complex are considered: crop production, animal husbandry, storage and processing of agricultural products, technical and technological independence in agricultural engineering. A list of the main mechanisms for improving the organization of scientific research in the agro-industrial complex based on the interaction of science with government organizations and business has been developed and proposed, and positive examples of its successful implementation are given.
In the course of the work, an analysis of agricultural production in the regions of the district, the localization of the agricultural sector in these regions, and factors affecting the volume of production. A methodology for calculating the elements of the interaction force matrix is proposed, which comprehensively takes into account both the static and dynamic state of the system. This methodology is based on the gravitational model (the interaction between regions is proportional to their importance and inversely proportional to the distance between them). Based on the matrix of interaction forces in agriculture, regions with high potential for cooperation identified, so the greatest potential for interaction was identified between the Penza region and the Republic of Mordovia. The Republics of Tatarstan and Mordovia, as well as the Samara and Penza regions, demonstrate significant potential for developing interaction with many regions of the district. The matrix of interaction forces in the agricultural sector serves as an important tool for analyzing and assessing interregional interaction, allowing us to determine and quantify both the strengths and directions of interactions between regions.
The article highlights the set of components of the positions of «smart» agribusiness growth in the regions, which determine the possible prospects for the innovative development of regional industrial enterprises. It is noted that the prospects of regional «smart» agribusiness growth can be assessed by such parameters, which indicate the possibility of using the tools of «smart» specialization. The coefficients of the prospects of «smart» growth due to the digital potential of the region, due to the innovative potential and the coefficient of the prospects of «smart» growth due to the scientific potential of the region are calculated. Based on these coefficients, the integral coefficient of the prospects for the «smart» growth of the agro-industrial complex was determined using the example of the Central Chernozem macro-region.
The imperfection of logistics systems under sanctions has pushed the scientific community towards an ecosystem approach, which is favourably distinguished by its ability to self-correct and openness. The added value of products is significantly influenced by its value to the consumer, expressed in marketing, packaging, local brands and last mile logistics. The freshness of products is important for the consumer, the appearance of foreign vegetables on the shelves, using the example of potatoes, is explained by seasonality and a measure to ensure food security. Import substitution policies have lengthened value chains, as evidenced by a shift towards exports of processed products instead of raw materials and a reduction in the share of foreign value added in domestic final demand.
The article considers interpretations of the category «system», the term «land resources management», the process of their influence on the definition of the content of the concept «land resources management system». The main subsystems (institutional, functional, operational), their inherent functions, subjects, objects of management, norms, rules, mechanisms, algorithms, methods, means for timely response to economic behavior and its change in a certain range of conditions are identified. The composition of the system is supplemented by a supporting subsystem, which includes scientific, information, innovative (digital), and evaluation subsystems. The authors propose a formulation of the land management system in agriculture as a set of institutional, functional, operational, supporting subsystems that use regulatory instruments to effectively influence owners, land users, landowners, land tenants, agricultural producers, the development of which occurs as a result of the emergence of new challenges and responses to them obtained through the introduction of modern technologies and innovations. The example of the impact of the institutional environment is used to present a change in the land management system by including a mechanism for checking the inefficiency of institutions, searching for points of their destabilization, which contributes to its qualitative development, achieving the goals of correcting standards, and developing software products. An algorithm for interaction between the functional and supporting management subsystems has been built, including successive stages from the emergence of the problem of institutional fragmentation to the use of new tools for accumulating information on land legislation, sale, registration, lease, and use of agricultural land. It is proposed to create a scientific platform (Internet portal) that will contain pages describing methods for selling agricultural land, a calculator for calculating the cost of land lease, reference books for an agricultural economist, materials on the use of effective crop rotation schemes, sustainable farming, and provide the ability to search through the full texts of regulatory legal documents and use personal accounts.
The purpose of the study is to analyze the Russian experience in the application of public–private partnership in the breeding and seed direction of crop production and identify opportunities for its further development. The main results of the study: substantiation of the high need for the use of PPP in breeding and seed production based on an assessment of the current state of the industry and disclosure of the essential characteristics of PPP; presentation of recommendations on effective risk management of PPP breeding and seed projects implemented in crop production; analysis of the results of such projects in our country; identification of barriers to the development of Russian PPP practice in the breeding and seed direction of crop production and development of measures to eliminate them. Taken together, these results allowed us to conclude that PPP is a promising form of cooperation between the state and business, contributing to the effective development of breeding and seed production. The theoretical significance of the study lies in the development of the scientific foundations of PPP in agriculture, and the practical significance lies in the use of the results obtained in the development and implementation of PPP breeding and seed projects.