производство винограда, валовой сбор, урожайность, Крым, орошение.
The basis for the development and management of rural agglomerations is the creation of an effective system of interaction between the population, business structures and authorities of all levels, taking into account all influencing factors, both internal and external. Levels of production and management depend on the influence of social, economic, demographic, climatic and other factors in rural agglomerations. The purpose of the study is to study the influence of social factors on the production of rural agglomerations in modern conditions. Factor analysis of the relationship between indicators of socio-economic development of rural agglomerations and their management in the South Siberian macroregion is an important tool in the study of the management mechanism in the management system of agricultural sectors of the entire macroregion.
The development of livestock farming in our country occurs in a wide variety of geographical, soil-climatic and socio-economic conditions. The presence of objectively existing natural and agricultural zones largely determines the sectoral structure and economic results of the livestock sectors of the regions. Such a variety of forms in this sector of the agricultural economy creates certain problems when forming strategic decisions in both the short and long term. The situation becomes even more complex in the case of planning strategies taking into account the limitations of low-carbon properties, when from many feasible solutions it is necessary to choose compromise ones, that is, those that reduce the carbon footprint, do not worsen the economics of livestock industries and solve the problem of providing regional populations with livestock products. The purpose of this work is to create tools with which you can obtain estimates and forecasts of the environmental and economic state of livestock farming in the regions. A hybrid expert procedure has been proposed and tested, with the help of which it is possible to assess in the short term the dynamics of livestock, productivity, greenhouse gas emissions, animal protein production, and also to calculate specific characteristics, such as: per capita animal protein production, its growth rate over the forecast interval, payment greenhouse gas emissions from animal protein, specific gross income of livestock products per unit of emission. The listed forecast indicators can be obtained under various expert assumptions about the rates of basic characteristics of livestock industries, variants of demographic forecasts, and the distribution of cattle between forms of enterprises. The work groups livestock production in regions, represented by a set of environmental, economic and social characteristics, and shows significant group differences in these indicators over the forecast (until 2030) time interval. The results of the work are intended for use in the process of planning low-carbon strategies for the development of livestock industries in the regions.
In this study, based on data from the FAO statistical database, the authors examined changes in Russia for 2011-2022 in the parameters of foreign trade in agri-food (excluding fish) products. During this period, the volume of its imports by value decreased by 28.23%: from 33.094 billion dollars to 23.750 billion dollars. At the same time, the volume of its exports increased by 2.35 times: from 8.264 billion. dollars to 19.423 billion dollars. This led to the fact that the negative trade balance of the Russian Federation for this aggregate product group decreased from 24.830 million dollars in 2011 to 4.327 million dollars in 2022. The authors identified the main categories of agricultural food , which in 2022, in terms of value, were among the top ten in exports from the Russian Federation and imports into the Russian Federation. The study calculated and characterized the change in their positions and importance in these areas of Russian foreign trade relative to those that took place in 2011. During the indicated period, a significant decrease was noted in the share of a number of categories in the value of imports of the Russian Federation in connection with the implementation of the import substitution policy, in particular in meat and fruit -berry products. An increase in the export potential of the grain-food and fat-and-oil subcomplexes of our country has also been identified.
The article provides an overview of the international experience of rural development on the example of Europe, China, Indonesia, Africa and India. The main global trends in the development of rural management have been identified, namely sustainable development, the use of smart technologies and improving the quality of life of the rural population. The study proved that successful management of rural areas requires an integrated approach that includes environmental, economic and social aspects, as well as state support for rural areas, which contributes to the efficient use of agricultural resources and the modernization of production. The introduction of innovative solutions and sustainable practices contributes not only to improving agricultural efficiency, but also to the preservation of natural resources and cultural heritage.
Based on the classical provisions of the theory, two types of economic development are justified: centrifugal and centripetal. In relation to the agrarian economy, centrifugal development is inherent in large agricultural enterprises and agroholding-type formations, since each owner of production resources (land, labor, capital and entrepreneurship) seeks to extract maximum benefits from it, often using the income received for purposes far from the interests of production. Centripetal economic development is typical for rural local economies, whose subjects are focused on endogenous investment of resources and self-development. The conclusion is made about the priority of state support in modern conditions of economic entities and farms corresponding to the centripetal type of economic development.
agricultural sector is faced with serious tasks to significantly increase production, and the current forms and instruments of state support for the industry allow it to provide only an inertial development scenario. The analysis showed that despite the negative situation associated with external and internal factors, in 2023 almost all the main indicators of the State Program were met: there was a strengthening of the country’s food security and the development of import substitution. However, a significant negative trend is a decrease in the average number of workers in agriculture, a decrease in the level of profitability, low investment activity and an increase in the share of unprofitable and low-profit agricultural organizations. The article notes that the main task of state support for the industry is to create a motivation system in which every economic entity benefits and, in general, the efficiency of the entire industry increases. The author reveals the institutional basis for the formation of state support in the agricultural sector of the economy. An analysis of the areas of subsidies is carried out, their assessment is given, and it is emphasized that due to changes in business conditions, the main mechanisms of state support in 2024 have undergone a significant transformation. The article emphasizes the need to develop new approaches and forms of state support for the agro-industrial complex that can ensure dynamic and sustainable growth based on increased competitiveness and efficiency. It is noted that it is now extremely important to update the main goals, objectives and mechanisms for implementing the State Program; it is also necessary to update the Strategy for the Development of the Agro-Industrial Complex for the period until 2030.
The conducted research is devoted to an urgent topic related to state support for import-dependent sub-sectors of the agricultural sector of the country's economy. It is noted that in conditions of risks and uncertainties associated with the sanctions of unfriendly states, the provision of domestic agricultural producers with means of production remains at an unacceptably low level. The influence of various measures of state support on the development of import-dependent sub-sectors of the agricultural sector of the economy is shown and its main forms are determined: direct, indirect, indirect. The multidimensional content of state support made it possible to consider the totality of elements of its impact on agricultural science – import substitution of high-tech means of production (breeding, seed, planting material, plant and animal protection products, tractors and agricultural machinery), food and economic security of the country. The basic principles of assessing state support for import-dependent sectors of the agricultural sector are given, based on the effect-cost ratio, when the accumulated benefit exceeds the total cost of their implementation. Special measures of state support for such import-dependent branches of the agro-industrial complex as the provision of agricultural production and processing industry with technical means and technological equipment, seed and breeding material, chemical plant and animal protection products are given. In a situation of high uncertainty, the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation has taken a number of operational measures to provide the domestic market with agricultural machinery, breeding and genetic material, and chemical plant protection products. Mechanisms and tools to ensure technological sovereignty in import-dependent sub-sectors of the agricultural sector are proposed, which can be used in the national project of technological sovereignty in the field of food security within the framework of the April 2024 instructions of the President of the country to the Cabinet of Ministers.
Import substitution in the agro-industrial complex is a priority direction of the national strategy for ensuring the country's food security. The state program to support the development of the agro-industrial complex provides for stimulation of investment and innovation activities in order to accelerate import substitution. In recent years, significant results have been achieved in this regard in the field of agriculture. However, the high level of import dependence in industries related to agriculture, such as agricultural engineering, poses a serious threat to the agro-industrial complex as a whole and requires detailed analysis. The import dependence of the production of agricultural machinery remains both in the area of providing fixed production assets and in the area of providing material resources (raw materials, materials, components). Within the framework of this study, the author's methodology for assessing the dependence on imports to ensure the production of agricultural engineering products with material resources is described. The methodology involves calculating indicators characterizing the level of risk of import dependence. A risk map, which is constructed on the basis of the obtained values of import dependence indicators, allows you to classify risks by degree of criticality. The paper presents an algorithm of possible actions if risks of import dependence in supplying production with material resources are identified. The practical aspect of implementing this approach is illustrated by the example of an agricultural engineering enterprise in the Altai Territory, which allows us to assess the possibility of its application in a real business environment.
The article presents an approach to the assessment of intersectoral relations in respect to the actors of the dairy food chain by the example of the Republic of Bashkortostan and the Voronezh region. The methodology comprises the staging of calculations: at the first stage, the actors of each link are formed into one group and, on the basis of ranking by the value of net profit margin on capital, organizations are determined whose values of this indicator are higher than the average value for the analyzed set to identify “leaders” in each link; at the second stage, “leaders” are formed, i.e., organizations distributed by the reproduction type. This makes it possible to assess the level of entrepreneurial activity of small, medium and large business entities integrated into the dairy food chain, with reference to the regional specificity.