Food security in the vegetable market determines the balanced nutrition of the population and is the basis of its health. The article analyzes the state of food security in the vegetable market, identifies the main vectors of its development: a decrease in import dependence and an increase in the level of consumption. At the same time, the main parameters of domestic vegetable production were determined (production growth by 30.2%), ensuring consumption at the level of rational norms and the level of self-sufficiency provided for by the Food Security Doctrine. Based on the analysis of the gross production of vegetables in the open and protected ground, as well as the level of consumption of vegetables and its structure, proposals were formulated for the further development of vegetable growing in Russia in order to ensure food security. Development is required in both segments of vegetable growing: open ground and protected ground, with the advancing development of the commodity distribution infrastructure. At the same time, attention should be paid to the formation of the effective demand of the population for vegetable products in terms of economic accessibility through the growth of incomes of the population, physical accessibility through the development of market infrastructure while shaping the population's understanding of the importance of vegetables as the basis of a healthy lifestyle.
Based on the time series compiled using the in-formation on the production of raw milk in the leading regions (Trans-Baikal Territory, the Republic of Sakha, Primorsky Territory, Amur Region), a forecast for 5 years was built from 1991 to 2022. Autoregression and integrated moving average models were used as the main modeling tool. The application of this method involves the transfer to the future of historical trends, in other words, maintaining negative consequences in the production of raw milk in 5 years will lead to a reduction in production in the Trans-Baikal Territory by 0,20%, in the Republic of Sakha - by 1.21%, in the Primorsky Territory - by 8,05% compared to 2022. In the Amur Region, according to the forecast received, there will be an increase in production volumes by 2027 by 2.99%. In our opinion, the Trans-Baikal Territory has a fairly high potential for growth in the production of raw milk, since it has the maximum average level of the time series and the least volatility of the process. Milk production in the region is characterized by the lowest fatigue among other entities and is concentrated in the households of the population. In our opinion, for such regions, one of the ways to solve this problem may be the development of a state support program aimed at increasing the efficiency of production in personal subsidiary farms engaged in dairy farming.
The article presents a model with a multiple linear regression formula, the resulting function: the yield of grain and leguminous crops in the regions of Russia and factors: average air temperature in the region from April to September, average precipitation in this period, the amount of mineral, organic and lime fertilizers applied per 1 hectare of crops, the area of reclaimed land and the number of combine harvesters per 1000 hectare of arable land. The coefficient of determination of 0.87 reflects the adequacy of the model for the actual yield of grains and legumes and confirms the hypothesis that the resulting function is 87% determined by factors. The article presents 8 regions and the features of the difference between the model yield and the actual yield by more than 25%. The novelty of the model lies in the composition, number and ranking of influence factors on the yield of grain and leguminous crops. The model uses regional statistics from Rosstat to fill in the factor values for 51 regions of the European part of Russia. The article provides regulated norms for the application of mineral, organic and lime fertilizers per 1 hectare of grain and leguminous crops. The recommended rates are compared with the amounts of fertilizers that were actually applied in the regions of the European part of Russia. The model shows the high importance of grain harvesting equipment in the formation of grain yield in the regions. The model is typical and can be used according to the presented scheme with a similar composition of factors for modeling and forecasting yield of wheat, corn, sugar beets, sunflowers, potatoes, vegetables and feed crops.
In modern conditions, agro-industrial clustering, strengthening the ties of business units and giving a powerful impulse to the development of regions, is one of the key drivers of growth of their competitiveness. The architecture of existing integrated cluster-type formations is often designed without taking into account the interconnections and complementarities of the participating enterprises, the need to ensure the full utilization of production capacities, prospects of rational functioning and permanent development of the created association. The active implementation of cluster initiatives is hampered by: inadequate legal and regulatory framework, irrational separation of powers at the public and private levels, weak institutional support for cluster construction, lack of an effective model for establishing agro-food clusters. In the result of the study, the organizational and economic model of the high-olein sub cluster is proposed as part of the regional fat-and-fat cluster. The introduction of the developed model of the high-oleic sub-cluster will ensure an increase in the volume of sunflower oil production with improved fatty-acid composition, growth of competitiveness of the participating enterprises and the cluster structure as a whole.
Genetic potential of the variety and seed quality are the fundament for building effective farming activities and ensuring food security. For this reason, it is the strategic task to develop breeding and seed production for such a major player in the international agn-food market as the Eurasian Economic Union. In particular, according to the Food Security Doctrine of the Russian Federation, self-sufficiency in seeds of the main agricultural crops of Russian selection should be at least 75%, the sectoral program documents of the Member States of the Union contain measures for the development of these sectors. The article presents an analysis of the indicators of the development of breeding and seed production of agricultural crops within the Union. The indicators of the foreign trade of the Member States in seeds indicate the existence of a common task The annual volume of inports of agricultural seeds from third countries surpasses I billion dollars USA, the main share of which is accounted for sugar beet seeds, corn, sunflower, vegetable crops, as well as planting material of fruit crops. At the same time, the volume of rmtual trade in seeds is about 100 million dollars USA, which indicates the existing potential for cooperation in high-tech breeding and primary seed production. The article contains both an assessment of the constraints and proposals to strengthen cooperation between the member States in these areas, including the implementation of joint projects, the development of the law of the Union and joint training programsfor breeders.
The volume of the global cheese market by the end of 2023 amounted to 163.81 billion US dollars. A key trend contributing to the growth of the cheese market is the production of vegan and organic cheese options. The article examines the importance of cheese in human nutrition, the actual norms of cheese consumption per capita, as well as the actual production of cheese in the world, in particular, in Russia. In 2023, global cheese production amounted to about 22.35 million tons. The European Union is the largest producer of cheese in the world, with a production volume of 10.55 million tons by the end of 2022. European countries, especially France, Italy and the Netherlands, are known for their rich cheese traditions and variety of cheeses. According to the Ministry of Agriculture, Russia ranks third in cheese production in the world after the European Union and the United States. By the end of 2023, Russia produced more than 1 million tons of cheese. The volume of imports and exports of cheese from 2019 to 2023 is analyzed, the structure of the countries of suppliers and consumers of these products is presented. The main directions of development of the world cheese market are formulated. Currently, the main trends in the domestic market of cheeses and cheese products can be noted a high level of price competition, an increase in selling prices of cheese producers, a decrease in the purchasing power of the population and a focus on a low-cost product, which leads to a reorientation of some producers to the production of cheaper cheese products.
The purpose of this article is to review the existing methods of assessing the performance of industry clusters and to develop and propose the methodological tools for clusters in the Russian economy, the choice of which is crucial for improving the efficiency of cluster development, especially agro-industrial clusters, which are facing the task of transition to an innovative mode of production and ensuring food security in the new realities. Based on the application of the author's methodology for quantitative analysis of clusters, which takes into account the peculiarities of the implementation of cluster policy in Russia, the limitations associated with obtaining statistical information, etc., the agro-industrial clusters with the most attractive position in terms of contribution to the economy of the respective regions and performance, as well as the clusters whose statistical data indicate their lagging position, which can be an explanatory basis for subsequent conclusions and practical measures to be taken by those who determine the cluster policy in Russia.
The article is devoted to the study of the main trends in natural and climatic changes occurring in the territory of the Siberian Federal District and the assessment of their impact on the agricultural production of the macro-region. The materials and methods of the study were climatic indicators: average annual air temperature; annual sum of atmospheric precipitation; dates of air temperature transition through 0, +5, +10°С towards temperature increase and decrease; period with air temperature above 0, +5, +10°С; Selyaninov hydrothermal coefficient. The study found that global warming in the northern regions is at a faster pace than in the southern regions. In addition, there is an increase in the duration of the growing season and the frost-free period (1-3 days every 10 years). The analysis of the hydrothermal coefficient showed an increase in climate aridity in the republics of Tuva and Altai and in the Irkutsk region. Correlation analysis of grain and leguminous crop yield (key agricultural crop of Siberia) dependence on average annual temperature change was carried out. As a result, it was found that the increase in average annual temperature has a different effect on the yield of grain and leguminous crops. If in the northern regions of Siberia warming leads to an increase in the yield indicator, then in the southern regions - to a decrease, i.e. in the north of the Siberian Federal District, global warming will be accompanied by an increase in the growing season, the duration of the frost-free period, etc. It will be possible to grow new varieties of crops, including late ripening. In the southern regions, an increase in climate aridity will lead to an increase in the number of droughts and, accordingly, a decrease in crop yields. In these regions, the use of drought-resistant crop varieties, the introduction of pre-sowing seed processing technologies and the application of mineral fertilizers are necessary.
The study was conducted to analyze the efficiency of land use and identify its impact on the sustainable development of regional agro-economic systems. The article considers methodological aspects of the application of the concepts of "rationality" and "efficiency" in assessing the level of efficiency of land resources use, it is established that efficiency is the result of rational, economically beneficial use of land for a long period of time. The current state of land productivity in municipal districts of the Republic of Tatarstan is analyzed, it is concluded that a high level of efficiency of land resources use and ensuring sustainable development of agro-economic systems is achieved as a result of intensification of production on the basis of modern high-industrial technologies, optimization of production volumes and costs. The clustering of municipal districts of RT has been carried out, as a result of which the reserves of land use efficiency increase and directions of their realization have been revealed.
The article investigated the problem of the disconnection of the practice of managing the digital transformation of agribusiness from the interests of its sustainable development, which imply ensuring food security. The short comings of the planned approach associated with its definition of digitalization as an end in itself, as well as with digitalization planning based on the capabilities of agribusiness, are substantiated. Based on international statistics for 53 countries for 2022, an econometric model has been compiled using the regression analysis method, which mathematically describes the pattern of changes in the components of food security under the influence of a set of factors for the digital transformation of agribusiness. The model is useful for the program-targeted approach, as it allows determining with high accuracy the control values of digitalization indicators, which has been tested on the example of Russia. A conceptual vision of a program-targeted approach to managing digital transformation in the interests of the sustainable development of agribusiness is proposed, which reveals the program, the system of goals and the tools to achieve them. The features of the developed software-targeted approach are, firstly, its focus on unlocking the potential of digitalization in the field of supporting the sustainable development of agribusiness; secondly, establishing control values of digitalization indicators based on the econometric model; thirdly, the new logic of sampling the scope of digital transformation of agribusiness, based on the needs: the development of digital competencies, automation of decision-making, digitalization of marketing and sales. The theoretical significance of the developed approach is to improve the methodological apparatus for managing the digital transformation of agribusiness, ensuring its conceptual unity with sustainable development in the aspect of food security. The developed approach can be used in Russia to improve the efficiency of managing the digital transformation of agribusiness and strengthening its sustainability.