In recent years, the agro-food complex of Russia has seen an increase in the pace of development of science and technology, which requires improving the mechanisms of state policy for the distribution of budget funds. There is a positive impact of state support on dynamic shifts in the production of poultry and pork. At the same time, the results of the functioning of such industries as dairy and beef cattle breeding indicate an insufficiently high level of production, which requires adjusting the support mechanisms at the regional and municipal levels. The study showed that many regions lack the necessary conditions for expanded reproduction, which is confirmed by the low profitability of agricultural production, which requires improving the mechanisms of state support for agriculture. The authors' methodological approaches to calculating the optimal level of state support are based on the reproduction approach, which consists in creating conditions for break-even production of agricultural organizations, which will require additional funding. According to the authors' calculations, to ensure break-even production, it is necessary to additionally allocate 22,422 million rubles for the regions of the first group, 15,057 million rubles for the second group, 8,586 million rubles for the third group, and 3,430 million rubles for the fourth group. Proposals are made for further improving state support at the macro- and meso-level. Strategies for the development of dairy farming in groups of regions with different levels of production concentration are substantiated. In combination with other econometric methods, the proposed tools make it possible to carry out a predictive assessment of state support for agriculture and identify its priority areas at the regional level.
The current state of rural areas, caused by the reforms carried out in Russia in the 90s, is characterized by a reduction in agricultural production, the destruction of infrastructure, rural degradation, and the outflow of the able-bodied part of the population from rural areas to cities. These conditions became the causes of the gradual death of the rural way of life, traditions, and an unfavorable demographic condition. Living in rural areas has become unattractive for most of the population. The article substantiates the important role of the social sphere in ensuring the sustainable development of rural areas. Along with the economic, environmental, and institutional components, social infrastructure forms and develops human capital, through which sustainable development of rural areas is carried out. The article substantiates the important role of the social sphere in ensuring the sustainable development of rural areas. Along with the economic, environmental, and institutional components, social infrastructure forms and develops human capital, through which sustainable development of rural areas is carried out. Currently, the requirements for the quality of human capital have increased, due to high competition and the need to preserve the agricultural sector with its human capital. Now, it is becoming clear that only the revival of rural areas can help Russia become independent from the outside world, withstand global crises, and this is possible if its territories develop taking into account their specifics (location, climatic features, national composition, customs, traditions, etc.). The purpose of the study is to determine the special role of social infrastructure in the formation of high–quality human capital, which is a necessary condition for achieving sustainable development of rural areas. The article examines the relationship of rural development, the relationship of rural development with the level of development of agriculture and human capital, defines the essence of the concept of "high-quality human capital" and its main characteristics and content.
The lack of qualified personnel remains one of the weaknesses of the agro-industrial complex, as well as many other sectors of the real economy. Financial motivation, of course, is the main argument for attracting and updating staff, however, it is not the only one. In addition, since agriculture produces a special type of product with an acute social significance, a direct increase in wages in the industry can cause an increase in costs and, as a result, an increase in food prices. A logical conclusion to this may be a surge in negative social phenomena. It is necessary to search for other ways to motivate and attract young people to the industry in order to form human capital in it. The article is devoted to one of the possible factors that exists, but has not yet been sufficiently understood, has not received the necessary development and support from the state.
Soybean is the most important agricultural crop in domestic agriculture. The article provides a retrospective analysis of the industry development. The main producers of soybeans are agricultural enterprises, Located in the Far East - Amur Region, Jewish Autonomous Region and Primorsky Krai. The modern trend in soybean cultivation is highlighted, manifested in the territorial transformation and expansion of acreage in the Central Federal District. The main producers are Kursk, Belgorod, Voronezh and Tambov regions. The analysis noted the instability of margins in the production of soybeans. Variation in the profitability of products over the past few years is from 35 to 77%. Therefore, options are proposed to increase the yield of the crop and its quality. To this end, an assessment of the dynamics of soybean cultivation in the territory of the Ryazan region was carried out. Key factors identified, not only to increase, Stabilize the financial performance of soybean producers. Field experience was conducted on the use of Plantarel and Metabacterin biopreparations in pre-sowing and vegetation processing in agricultural enterprises of the Ryazan region. Economic justification for their use. The economic effect in the case of their application will exceed 4,000 rubles per 1 ha of sown area.
During the period under study, certain structural’s hifts occurred related to changes in the structure of acreage. These structural shifts indicate an increase in the role and importance of large agricultural organizations in the production of crop products, as the most effective producers with significant technical and technological potential. Both intensive and extensive factors are present in the production of the region's crop production industry. In the production of grain and leguminous products in agricultural organizations in the region, the intensive factor prevails, and the extensive factor also has a positive impact, but much less. The production of grain and leguminous crops in peasant (farm) farms by individual entrepreneurs is carried out due to the extensive factor, i.e. mainly due to the expansion of the area of sowing. Households of the population are reducing grain production. In the coming years, potato production, due to the low efficiency of its production in medium and small enterprises, will move to large ones.
The article is devoted to the study of the features of the cluster approach as an effective organizational and economic tool for the development of the agro-industrial complex. For this purpose, the works of domestic and foreign authors engaged in the study of clusters in general and in agriculture in particular were analyzed. The lack of a unified approach to understanding the category of "agro-industrial cluster" was revealed; based on domestic and foreign experience of cluster development in agriculture, the author's interpretation was proposed. As part of the characterization of the general specifics of clustering of agricultural production in the Russian Federation, the experience of the Belgorod and Rostov regions, dairy farming in the Perm Territory were analyzed. A comprehensive study of the production and consumption of milk and dairy products was conducted, the capacity of the dairy market and the prospects for its development in the medium term were determined. To implement the target growth potential of the milk and dairy products market, a scheme of the organization of the dairy cluster of the Perm Territory is presented, including three main blocks: central (the main participants of the cluster), management (cluster management bodies) and accompanying block (auxiliary participants of the cluster). The functional role and features of interaction within each of the blocks are described in detail, the socio-economic effects from the implementation of the cluster approach in the agro-industrial complex are systematized and classified: economic, resource, technical, social, spatial, budgetary.
The unstable economic situation of the country encourages the use of various kinds of regulators that help mitigate the impact of aggressive geopolitical environmental factors on the country's industrial, economic and social development. The difficult economic situation in 2022-2024 in the Russian Federation was preceded by a number of economic shocks, such as the coronavirus pandemic, a special military operation and the sanctions restrictions caused by it. All this requires a rethinking of economic realities and the formation of a new mechanism for interaction between institutional actors and society to bring the country's economy to a qualitatively new stage of development. The article analyzes the changes in economic processes affecting state institutions and society as a whole. The study examined the role of key regulators on the economy as a whole, as well as the ongoing transformational changes in individual key industries.
The study found that in the context of growing agricultural exports and significant dependence on technology imports, the stability of foreign economic relations is a critical factor in the development of the industry. The analysis revealed a high degree of export orientation of certain segments of the agricultural market and outlined the risks associated with restricting imports of production resources. The results obtained indicate the need to diversify foreign economic relations and increase the technological independence of the domestic agro-industrial complex. Government support has played a key role in achieving food security in a number of critical positions. At the same time, it should be noted that the dynamics of the industry's development manifested itself in the transition from the status of a net importer of grain to leadership in the global wheat market. In addition, Russia has become a major supplier of oilseeds, vegetable oils and animal feed. However, we also need to state that despite the results achieved, the potential for further development of the industry, including expanding the range of exported products and deepening integration into global food chains, remains quite high. For the sustainable development of the industry, it is necessary to solve a number of tasks related to improving production efficiency, improving product quality, adapting to changing climatic conditions in the world and planning and software competitiveness in world agricultural markets.
The article is devoted to the review of approaches in the strategic planning of innovative agricultural development in the context of the introduction of digital technologies in the regional aspect. An important element of creating a strategy is benchmarking the best practices in scientific, technical, innovative, and human resources potential that contribute to the development of the industry. The analysis of the main factors influencing the process of creating and implementing the strategy was carried out, a qualitative characteristic of the use of information technologies in the operational activities of organizations in the field of agriculture, forestry, hunting, fishing and fish farming was carried out, regional trends were identified. Financial allocations for the introduction of digital technologies in the agro-industrial complex are structured and categorized.
The article is devoted to the urgent problem of increasing the efficiency of the use of land resources in rural areas. The purpose of the study was to analyze the institutional characteristics of the modern organizational and economic mechanism for regulating land relations in the agricultural sector. Using the approaches of representatives of institutional theory, the content and structure of this mechanism, subsystems and levels of regulation are considered. The role of long-term targeted programs as an institution-mechanism for land use regulation is shown. The established features of the organizational and economic mechanism were noted. Among them, a large role is given to insufficient state activity to create conditions for a faster increase in demand for land. This does not allow to significantly increase the scale of commissioning of retired agricultural land. Based on the data of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation, groupings of 78 regions of the country and 17 constituent entities of the Federation of the Central Federal District were carried out by the specific gravity of unused land, including arable land. The task of implementing additional measures to activate land demand in areas with depressive processes in land use has been identified. Measures to mitigate adverse shifts in land ownership structure are considered. Proposals have been formulated to ensure the dominant role of the state in regulating land relations in the countryside.