The main directions of the introduction of digital technologies in the agro-industrial complex are presented to improve the efficiency of their interaction, including taking into account digital maturity. For this purpose, an assessment of the degree of influence on the process of digital transformation of the AIC sphere from the point of view of executive authorities is proposed. The interaction of the subjects of the agro-industrial complex in the digital economy should be based on modern achievements of scientific and technological progress, the use of information technologies, the formation of a single information space. The algorithm for supporting the development of digital maturity of AIC subjects is proposed. A significant problem in the introduction of digital technologies in agriculture is the unpreparedness of AIC subjects for digital transformation, as well as the lack of a clear understanding of what exactly is meant by digital maturity and what specific steps should be taken to achieve it. For many agricultural enterprises, digital maturity may be considered an unclear concept, which makes it difficult to successfully implement a digital transition strategy.
One of the target indicators of agricultural policy in Russia remains the sustainable socio-economic development of its rural areas, for which various measures are being developed at all levels to improve the socio-economic living conditions of the rural population in order to preserve and develop the social and economic potential of rural areas necessary to perform their functions. national importance. The Strategy for the Sustainable Development of Rural Areas of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030 has been in force since 2020. The events presented in it are aimed at creating conditions for ensuring a stable improvement in the quality and standard of living of the rural population based on the advantages of a rural lifestyle. However, the objective problems of rural areas remain. There remains a significant gap between urban and rural areas in many ways. Territorial socio-economic differentiation persists, forming an unfavorable quality of life for the rural population, which causes its incessant outflow, which is increasingly aggravated. This does not allow us to fully realize the main goal in the conditions of sparsely populated regions of the Far Eastern Federal District, which is to maintain social control and rural development. The article substantiates the importance of demographic processes in the formation and development of human capital as a factor in the sustainable development of rural areas, taking into account regional characteristics, and identifies their main trends and causes of regression; assesses the role of government support for agriculture in the integrated development of rural areas; identifies ways to progress human capital in rural areas.
Agriculture in the border regions of Russia and Kazakhstan, located in the risky farming zone, plays an important role both in ensuring the food security of both countries and in the socio-economic development of the respective territories. After the collapse of the USSR and the loss of the single economic space, noticeable differences in agrarian dynamics emerged in these regions. The article presents the results of a comparative analysis of the development of crop production in the Kurgan and Chelyabinsk regions of the Russian Federation, as well as in Kostanay and North Kazakhstan regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan for the period from 1991 to 2023. The purpose of the study was to identify key trends in the transformation of the agricultural sector in the border areas of the two countries. The main method used was a comparative analysis of official statistics, grouped into four-year intervals, which allowed minimizing the impact of weather factors on the studied dynamics. The analysis covers the gross indicators of agricultural production, the structure of acreage and the yield of the main crops: cereals, sunflowers, potatoes and vegetables. It has been established that in the Russian regions under consideration there is a steady decline in acreage and a decrease in the share of their agricultural products in national agricultural production. At the same time, Kazakhstan's regions are demonstrating the recovery and growth of agricultural potential. The differences in the dynamics of sunflower, potato and vegetable production are particularly pronounced. The results obtained confirm the high importance of the state agrarian policy and the need to develop additional measures aimed at the development of rural areas of the Urals.
The article attempts to formalize the calculation of the size of regional grain exports. A generalization of approaches to the definition of the "export" category has been carried out. The role of the commodity balance formula in formalizing the calculation of the export size is determined. Approaches to determining the size of export potential are considered. The dependence of regional grain exports on the surplus created in the regional market, adjusted for a number of ratios, has been established. These ratios include: the implementation of the historical principle of export quotas, the formation of grain reserves, the ratio of allocated quotas to surplus, the ratio of grain reserves to available one-time storage capacities, the degree of surplus in the region, the ratio of consumption of grain products to the value of formed grain reserves, the measure of compliance of grain consumption of all types with their actual reserves. The performed analysis revealed a potentially high degree of influence of corrective ratios. A retrospective analysis of the reasons for the discrepancy between the surplus of grain products and actual exports was carried out.
The article considers the possibility of solving the problem of eliminating the bottleneck in grain storage in the Ryazan region as one of the largest grain producers. Grain storage volumes were analyzed by the main grain producing regions in the region, taking into account the available elevator capacities. It has been revealed that there is a tendency in the region to reduce grain storage volumes using the elevator method, which necessitates the construction of new elevators that meet modern requirements. The analysis made it possible to identify large regions of Russia that are consumers of Ryazan grain products and establish a list of leading enterprises with the potential to increase grain sales. In order to develop the grain-product subcomplex of the agroindustrial complex of the Ryazan region, the economic integration of the implementation of business processes taking place in it is proposed.
The article substantiates a methodological approach to assessing the competitiveness of pig-breeding agro-industrial formations, including a structural decomposition, a system of indicators and a model for assessing the competitiveness of pig-breeding agro-industrial formations, which allows for an objective idea of the competitive environment and strategic positions of the organization in the regional pig farming market. The authors note that with a significant variety of approaches to assessing competitiveness, a significant part of the existing methods allows for comparing the achieved results of economic activity with the results of competitors and provides the opportunity to conduct inter-farm analysis, but does not form an objective idea of the competitive environment and positions of regional market participants. The proposed methodological approach involves determining the integral competitiveness index based on indicators that take into account the sources of competitiveness in the form of strategic positioning and operational efficiency of economic entities. Analysis of the competitiveness of pig-breeding agro-industrial formations of the Belgorod region for 2010-2023. using the developed methodological approach, it was possible to identify the loss of competitiveness by enterprises that are not part of agricultural holdings, a large-scale increase in the risks of declining competitiveness and the transition of the sub-sector to a low-margin phase. Based on the results of the analysis, a conclusion was made on the need to implement organizational and economic solutions for the development and enhancement of the competitiveness of pig-breeding agro-industrial formations aimed at modernizing enterprises, expanding the standardization of production processes, developing export potential, developing new sales markets and optimizing logistics chains.
The emerging geopolitical challenges require updating the scientific and methodological apparatus for research on the development of the dairy market, including its seemingly well-established categories. The article presents the results of determining the essence of the dairy subcomplex in accordance with the main objectives of a number of the most significant regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation. The Constitution of the country, the Doctrine of Food Security, the federal law on the development of agriculture, the Agribusiness Development Strategy and the State Program for the Development of Agriculture. A quantitative assessment of the food independence of the Russian Federation and its federal districts for milk and dairy products, as well as consumption of milk and dairy products for 2019-2023 is given. A critical analysis of a number of interpretations of the dairy subcomplex has been performed, identifying their advantages and main disadvantages.
Due to the difficulties of economic stimulation of the development of dairy cattle breeding, the question of the correctness and adequacy of the assessment of the profitability of the functioning of the industry becomes extremely important. It was noted that the production and economic features of the industry lead to the fact that the existing method of accounting for costs and calculating the cost of milk does not meet these requirements. Distortions in the assessment of industry profitability based on official statistical reports lead to incorrect conclusions and incorrect decisions made by the state. The main reasons for the distortion of the indicators of the cost of milk production are considered: a long turnover of production means in the industry and a high level of production inflation. Amendments to regulatory documents were proposed, as well as recommendations were formulated for business entities to eliminate distortions in statistical and accounting reports.
The article presents an economic assessment of trends in the development of poultry farming in the Russian Federation. The dynamics of the production of various types of livestock products per capita is presented, the average annual consumption of certain types of products is analyzed, including the distribution by districts. A comparative assessment of the efficiency of production of various types of meat is given. The dynamics of poultry numbers in the farms of the population of the Russian Federation and the sale of poultry products in farms of all categories are analyzed. Based on the study of development trends, the factors influencing the efficiency growth of the poultry farming sub-sector in the future have been identified.
The article is devoted to the study of trends of diversification of rural economy. The article substantiates the necessity of research of directions of diversification of activity of rural commodity producers and creation (improvement) of mechanisms of state regulation and institutional support. Significant interest of economic entities of agro-industrial complex to the necessity of diversification of production is revealed, the main types of existing and perspective directions and tendencies of development are established.