The strategic orientation of the use of the spatial and sectoral potential for the development of rural areas is due to the consideration of rural territorial specifics and the peculiarities of the functioning of various sectors of the economy in the countryside. Based on this, rural spatial and sectoral potential (a different combination of resources, reserves and opportunities) will ensure the influx of population and investments into the countryside, which will contribute to improving the standard and quality of life of rural residents. In this vein, a methodology was developed that made it possible to assess the impact of strategic spatial and sectoral potential on the development of rural areas through a system of indicators that include the spatial and sectoral characteristics of rural municipalities, as well as rural development (financial, economic, infrastructure and social). When testing this methodology in 2022, 5 groups of rural areas of the Lipetsk region were obtained, which, combined with subsequent forecasting for 2027 and 2030, made it possible to substantiate 3 types of municipalities: stably developing areas (33.3%), remained at the same level of development (22.2%), not developing (44.5%). Recommendations were proposed at the regional and municipal levels, allowing to take into account the rational use of spatial and sectoral potential for the development of rural areas and to substantiate the main priorities for maintaining the specialization of the rural economy and expanding other types of activities in the countryside.
In connection with the economic transformations of the domestic agro-industrial complex, there is a need to update the priority directions of scientific and technological development of the agricultural sector and develop effective mechanisms for their implementation, which will determine the most rational measures of state support for innovative activities in agricultural production. It is noted that in modern conditions, a systematic approach has been actively used in economic research, which has not received proper scientific study in the agricultural sector. Therefore, when developing priority areas for scientific and technological development of agricultural production, it is advisable to consider it as a complex socio-economic system in which biological and natural factors are closely intertwined with technological, social and economic subsystems. Their development is based on the intensification of agricultural production, which is the main condition for its reproduction. It is concluded that the priority directions of scientific and technological development of agricultural production, in turn, determine the appropriate priorities for the development of science in order to develop high-tech means of production, which are of paramount importance for achieving technological leadership and are designed to ensure the industrialization of the agro-industrial complex. Research has shown that an important methodological feature in determining the priority directions of scientific and technological development is the differentiation of their factors: biological (breeding and genetic), technological, technical and social, which are closely related to each other and reflect the processes of reproduction of the system under study. The main groups of factors of scientific and technological development of the agricultural sector and their corresponding priority areas of research in certain sectors and areas of the agro-industrial complex are considered: crop production, animal husbandry, storage and processing of agricultural products, technical and technological independence in agricultural engineering. A list of the main mechanisms for improving the organization of scientific research in the agro-industrial complex based on the interaction of science with government organizations and business has been developed and proposed, and positive examples of its successful implementation are given.
In the course of the work, an analysis of agricultural production in the regions of the district, the localization of the agricultural sector in these regions, and factors affecting the volume of production. A methodology for calculating the elements of the interaction force matrix is proposed, which comprehensively takes into account both the static and dynamic state of the system. This methodology is based on the gravitational model (the interaction between regions is proportional to their importance and inversely proportional to the distance between them). Based on the matrix of interaction forces in agriculture, regions with high potential for cooperation identified, so the greatest potential for interaction was identified between the Penza region and the Republic of Mordovia. The Republics of Tatarstan and Mordovia, as well as the Samara and Penza regions, demonstrate significant potential for developing interaction with many regions of the district. The matrix of interaction forces in the agricultural sector serves as an important tool for analyzing and assessing interregional interaction, allowing us to determine and quantify both the strengths and directions of interactions between regions.
The article highlights the set of components of the positions of «smart» agribusiness growth in the regions, which determine the possible prospects for the innovative development of regional industrial enterprises. It is noted that the prospects of regional «smart» agribusiness growth can be assessed by such parameters, which indicate the possibility of using the tools of «smart» specialization. The coefficients of the prospects of «smart» growth due to the digital potential of the region, due to the innovative potential and the coefficient of the prospects of «smart» growth due to the scientific potential of the region are calculated. Based on these coefficients, the integral coefficient of the prospects for the «smart» growth of the agro-industrial complex was determined using the example of the Central Chernozem macro-region.
The imperfection of logistics systems under sanctions has pushed the scientific community towards an ecosystem approach, which is favourably distinguished by its ability to self-correct and openness. The added value of products is significantly influenced by its value to the consumer, expressed in marketing, packaging, local brands and last mile logistics. The freshness of products is important for the consumer, the appearance of foreign vegetables on the shelves, using the example of potatoes, is explained by seasonality and a measure to ensure food security. Import substitution policies have lengthened value chains, as evidenced by a shift towards exports of processed products instead of raw materials and a reduction in the share of foreign value added in domestic final demand.
The article considers interpretations of the category «system», the term «land resources management», the process of their influence on the definition of the content of the concept «land resources management system». The main subsystems (institutional, functional, operational), their inherent functions, subjects, objects of management, norms, rules, mechanisms, algorithms, methods, means for timely response to economic behavior and its change in a certain range of conditions are identified. The composition of the system is supplemented by a supporting subsystem, which includes scientific, information, innovative (digital), and evaluation subsystems. The authors propose a formulation of the land management system in agriculture as a set of institutional, functional, operational, supporting subsystems that use regulatory instruments to effectively influence owners, land users, landowners, land tenants, agricultural producers, the development of which occurs as a result of the emergence of new challenges and responses to them obtained through the introduction of modern technologies and innovations. The example of the impact of the institutional environment is used to present a change in the land management system by including a mechanism for checking the inefficiency of institutions, searching for points of their destabilization, which contributes to its qualitative development, achieving the goals of correcting standards, and developing software products. An algorithm for interaction between the functional and supporting management subsystems has been built, including successive stages from the emergence of the problem of institutional fragmentation to the use of new tools for accumulating information on land legislation, sale, registration, lease, and use of agricultural land. It is proposed to create a scientific platform (Internet portal) that will contain pages describing methods for selling agricultural land, a calculator for calculating the cost of land lease, reference books for an agricultural economist, materials on the use of effective crop rotation schemes, sustainable farming, and provide the ability to search through the full texts of regulatory legal documents and use personal accounts.
The purpose of the study is to analyze the Russian experience in the application of public–private partnership in the breeding and seed direction of crop production and identify opportunities for its further development. The main results of the study: substantiation of the high need for the use of PPP in breeding and seed production based on an assessment of the current state of the industry and disclosure of the essential characteristics of PPP; presentation of recommendations on effective risk management of PPP breeding and seed projects implemented in crop production; analysis of the results of such projects in our country; identification of barriers to the development of Russian PPP practice in the breeding and seed direction of crop production and development of measures to eliminate them. Taken together, these results allowed us to conclude that PPP is a promising form of cooperation between the state and business, contributing to the effective development of breeding and seed production. The theoretical significance of the study lies in the development of the scientific foundations of PPP in agriculture, and the practical significance lies in the use of the results obtained in the development and implementation of PPP breeding and seed projects.
In recent years, the agro-food complex of Russia has seen an increase in the pace of development of science and technology, which requires improving the mechanisms of state policy for the distribution of budget funds. There is a positive impact of state support on dynamic shifts in the production of poultry and pork. At the same time, the results of the functioning of such industries as dairy and beef cattle breeding indicate an insufficiently high level of production, which requires adjusting the support mechanisms at the regional and municipal levels. The study showed that many regions lack the necessary conditions for expanded reproduction, which is confirmed by the low profitability of agricultural production, which requires improving the mechanisms of state support for agriculture. The authors' methodological approaches to calculating the optimal level of state support are based on the reproduction approach, which consists in creating conditions for break-even production of agricultural organizations, which will require additional funding. According to the authors' calculations, to ensure break-even production, it is necessary to additionally allocate 22,422 million rubles for the regions of the first group, 15,057 million rubles for the second group, 8,586 million rubles for the third group, and 3,430 million rubles for the fourth group. Proposals are made for further improving state support at the macro- and meso-level. Strategies for the development of dairy farming in groups of regions with different levels of production concentration are substantiated. In combination with other econometric methods, the proposed tools make it possible to carry out a predictive assessment of state support for agriculture and identify its priority areas at the regional level.
The current state of rural areas, caused by the reforms carried out in Russia in the 90s, is characterized by a reduction in agricultural production, the destruction of infrastructure, rural degradation, and the outflow of the able-bodied part of the population from rural areas to cities. These conditions became the causes of the gradual death of the rural way of life, traditions, and an unfavorable demographic condition. Living in rural areas has become unattractive for most of the population. The article substantiates the important role of the social sphere in ensuring the sustainable development of rural areas. Along with the economic, environmental, and institutional components, social infrastructure forms and develops human capital, through which sustainable development of rural areas is carried out. The article substantiates the important role of the social sphere in ensuring the sustainable development of rural areas. Along with the economic, environmental, and institutional components, social infrastructure forms and develops human capital, through which sustainable development of rural areas is carried out. Currently, the requirements for the quality of human capital have increased, due to high competition and the need to preserve the agricultural sector with its human capital. Now, it is becoming clear that only the revival of rural areas can help Russia become independent from the outside world, withstand global crises, and this is possible if its territories develop taking into account their specifics (location, climatic features, national composition, customs, traditions, etc.). The purpose of the study is to determine the special role of social infrastructure in the formation of high–quality human capital, which is a necessary condition for achieving sustainable development of rural areas. The article examines the relationship of rural development, the relationship of rural development with the level of development of agriculture and human capital, defines the essence of the concept of "high-quality human capital" and its main characteristics and content.
The lack of qualified personnel remains one of the weaknesses of the agro-industrial complex, as well as many other sectors of the real economy. Financial motivation, of course, is the main argument for attracting and updating staff, however, it is not the only one. In addition, since agriculture produces a special type of product with an acute social significance, a direct increase in wages in the industry can cause an increase in costs and, as a result, an increase in food prices. A logical conclusion to this may be a surge in negative social phenomena. It is necessary to search for other ways to motivate and attract young people to the industry in order to form human capital in it. The article is devoted to one of the possible factors that exists, but has not yet been sufficiently understood, has not received the necessary development and support from the state.