The article describes a closed-cycle economy model taking into account the concept of sustainable development of the agricultural sphere. Issues related to ecology and environmental protection are the primary task of the management of organizations of the agro-industrial complex. Maintaining the eco-friendly production of the agricultural sphere requires the adoption of effective measures to ensure the sustainable development of agriculture. The successful conduct of agribusiness, in the current conditions, is achieved by combining environmental, economic and social benefits. In order to level environmental problems, it is necessary to develop a closed-cycle economy capable of resolving the contradiction between resource scarcity and environmental pollution, as well as human economic development. It is advisable to consider the closed-cycle economy in the context of the concepts of sustainable development and the green economy.
The article presents an analysis of the indicators of the use of the rural infrastructure - provision, degree of wear and tear, satisfaction of the population. As a source of information, data from monitoring rural areas of the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia and the results of the Comprehensive Observation of Living Conditions of the Population of Rosstat are used. The low density of the rural population, the dispersal of facilities, the low payback of maintenance costs, the increased degree of wear reduce the efficiency of using social infrastructure facilities in the countryside. Residents of rural settlements note the inaccessibility of medical services, the remoteness of retail outlets, pharmacies, cultural institutions and sports facilities.
The article considers the effectiveness of the state program in the direction of reducing rural unemployment. An analysis of the set goals in the state program "Integrated Development of Rural Areas" was carried out and it was determined whether the set goals correspond to reducing the level of the unemployed population. The main indicators of unemployment are considered. A comparative analysis of the unemployment rate in urban and rural areas was carried out, on the basis of which it can be argued that the unemployment rate in rural areas is almost twice as much as in the year. The need for the development of rural areas has been established using a software-targeted method implemented through the state program. The works of authors studying the state program for the development of rural areas were analyzed and their proposals for adjusting the program were considered. Household disposable resources in the urban and rural areas of the country in 2020 were in the ratio of 67.4%, and in 2021 67.0%. The share of the area of comfortable residential premises in rural settlements in accordance with the target indicators should have reached the level of 37.4% in 2022, but this value is less than half in relation to the city.
The study of Russian agri-food exports to the BRICS countries was carried out in several stages. At the first stage, trends in the development of Russian agri-food exports to the countries of the association were considered, taking into account sanctions; at the second stage, an analysis was carried out of the potential demand of the BRICS countries for agricultural products and an assessment of Russia’s place in ensuring this demand. Significant growth potential has been established for the supply of domestic agri-food products to the BRICS countries. At the third stage, the features of the development of the main food markets of the BRICS countries (poultry meat, grain, including wheat, vegetable oil (sunflower and soybean)), competition processes, trends in mutual trade, as well as trade with third countries, were studied, special attention was paid to the price dynamics of exports. The analysis showed that in BRICS trade, in a number of cases, there is a significant dispersion in exporter prices by destination and instability in the volume of export supplies. The study made it possible to identify and summarize a number of problems impeding the development of mutual trade, as well as formulate recommendations for the development of Russian agri-food exports to the BRICS countries.
According to the National Union of Sheep Breeders, [1], the average level of consumption of mutton in Russia is 1.4 kg per person per year, while the norm recommended by the Ministry of Health is twice as high. To meet the needs of the market, the production of mutton in Russia needs to be increased at least twice from the current approximately 216 thousand tons in slaughter weight to 450 thousand tons. For comparison, Australia produces 8.3 kg of mutton per capita, in the UK – 4.5 kg, in China – 3.2 kg, in the EU – 2.2 kg. The main supplier-exporter of sheep is Australia. The article discusses the best practices of the development of the sheep industry in foreign countries, as well as the importance and necessity of the development of the sheep industry for agricultural enterprises as a promising type of animal husbandry, which is due to both the biological characteristics of sheep and their unpretentiousness in keeping. An analysis of the financing of the sheep sector of the above countries indicates that the main source of financing for sheep farming is the state, which provides strong financial support to agricultural producers for the development of the sheep industry. The main measures of state support for the production of sheep products in foreign countries are listed. The application of foreign experience will contribute to the further growth of the development of the sheep industry in our country.
The article considers the essence and main characteristics of the process of neo-industrialization in the agricultural sphere. The need for neo-industrialization is determined by a number of geopolitical conditions of the modern stage of development. The innovative development of the EAEU member states was analyzed, the dependence of social and innovative development was shown. As the main problems restraining the process of neo-industrialization in agriculture, low rates of fund renewal, slowed diffusion of innovation are highlighted. Based on the identified specific features of the innovation system of the EAEU member countries, proposals for changes in the innovation policy have been developed. A new element of innovative infrastructure within the framework of the EAEU was analyzed - a scientific and technological consortium and experience in implementing complex scientific and technical projects as a mechanism for achieving development goals.
The agricultural zoning still remains the basis for the formation and development of specialized zones for the production of certain types of agricultural products. Therefore, many methodological provisions for the development of specialized zones, developed in the Soviet period, can be used and in modern conditions, taking into account the established realities in the agrarian sphere of the economy in general and in agriculture in particular. This primarily concerns solving the issues of agricultural zoning, developing a typology of regions according to their importance in ensuring food security, the possibility of forming and developing large-scale specialized high-tech zones, taking into account the specifics of the production of certain types of agricultural products and with the active participation of the state. This is especially true for the development of an all-Russian scheme for the development and placement of agriculture, on the basis of which it is advisable to form and develop large-scale specialized high-tech zones. This will make it possible to use the bioclimatic and production potentials of the territories to the maximum extent, as well as the biological capabilities of agricultural crops and animals, and more objectively take into account the place and role of each region in the territorial-sectoral division of labor in the country's agricultural production, in reliable provision of its food security.
The structure of food consumption largely depends on the physical and economic availability of food, which, in turn, are predetermined by self-sufficiency, import parameters and solvency. In the structure of Russian imports, food products and agricultural raw materials occupy the third place after machinery, equipment, vehicles and chemical industry products. Fruits and nuts, alcoholic beverages, dairy products, as well as fish and seafood are the leaders among imported food products, and the import of the latter is increasing dynamically. The volume of imports of beef and pork meat is gradually decreasing. The amount of imported poultry meat is increasing, even with the growth of its own production. The per capita production of bread, milk, eggs, meat, vegetables, as well as fruits and berries is increasing. The problem of low self-sufficiency in milk, vegetable products, fruits and berries continues to remain unresolved. To increase self-sufficiency with these products, further systematic measures are needed to intensify the construction and reconstruction of greenhouse complexes, breeding work, and in general, to create conditions for the progressive development of fruit and vegetable growing. To increase self-sufficiency in milk, it is necessary to increase the number of cows with further intensification of dairy cattle breeding. The study showed that the sanctions confrontation brought not only risks, but also development opportunities to the domestic agricultural industry. The state is responsible for leveling risks by smoothing the weaknesses and using the strengths of the agro-industrial complex. Further comprehensive state support for the development of agriculture and processing industries is needed, aimed at solving their most acute problems.
The article discusses the main directions of state regulation of the production and sale of agri-food organic products. The authors note that the market for organic products in Russia is gradually growing, but at a rate lower than the world rate; the number of certified producers of organic products is increasing, however, there is still no sustainable demand for organic products. To develop the production and sale of organic products, it is necessary to use government regulation tools. For this purpose, the authors analyzed government support measures and, on its basis, proposed priority directions for integrated government regulation of the production and sale of organic products to motivate subjects in this segment of the agro-industrial complex, to improve the environmental situation and to preserve and strengthen the health of the population.
In the implementation of the innovative strategy for the development of the fishery complex, a special place, along with other areas, is given to the problems of import substitution and the creation of technological sovereignty in the extraction and processing of such an important seafood as brown algae and, first of all, Japanese kelp (saccharin).Its fishery is concentrated in the Far East basin.The analysis carried out indicates that the harvest and the share of development of the total allowable catch of brown algae is declining, in this regard, the plantation cultivation of this species is of particular relevance.The presence of a significant potential for increasing the use of kelp raw materials, from which alginates are produced, and the subsequent production of high value-added products is one of the factors of investment attractiveness.Taking this into account, VNIRO specialists developed the Alginat investment project, its significance, targets, essential content and effectiveness are discussed in this article.