The article presents the results of the analysis of the main indicators of the activities of the fisheries complex of the Kamchatka Territory based on the averaged indicators of the largest enterprises in the industry for the period 2018-2023. A study of the most important financial indicators of enterprises - liquidity, financial stability, activity efficiency, which characterize not only the stability of the activities of enterprises, but also are the most important elements of sustainability of the development of the industry. The analysis revealed a negative trend in the development of enterprises, a significant decrease in efficiency indicators, an increase in financial risks and financial dependence of enterprises. Directions are proposed that contribute to increasing the sustainability of the development of fisheries enterprises and reducing susceptibility to external factors.
The relevance of the study of the connections at agro-industrial formations is due to the tasks of increasing the efficiency of food production, increasing the export of these products to the markets of Asian countries. The purpose of this study is to assess the model of interaction of economic entities within the agro-industrial cluster formations of the Russian Federation. The main scientific hypothesis of the study is the assumption of the inclusion of organizations related to various sectors of the economy in agro-industrial clusters, which contributes to the manifestation of cluster effects. The study allowed us to obtain the following results: firstly, the structure of relationships between organizations within the agrocluster of the Chelyabinsk region was identified, secondly, it was concluded that the structure of relationships is distributed, stable feedbacks were identified for two organizations related to the construction and crop services industries, stable direct links are characteristic of the industries of flour production from grain crops, cereals and granules from grain crops and pasta production, thirdly, the identified structure of the agro-industrial cluster allows modifying development programs by targeted impact on its participants.
The paper presents an investment model aimed at optimizing financial and industrial policy in agriculture, which will allow for more efficient management of investment flows and stimulate economic growth in the industry. The study analyzed current trends in the management of investment activities in the AIC, identified key factors influencing the volume and direction of investments in agricultural projects, such as the technological level, government support and the structure of demand for products. The research methodology is based on the use of economic and mathematical forecasting methods that allow estimating the optimal investment volumes for various segments of the agro-industrial sector. The models used take into account the specifics of the functioning of agriculture in the context of sanctions pressure and the need to reorient to the domestic market. The results of the study show that the implementation of the proposed investment model can significantly increase the efficiency of capital use, reduce risks associated with changes in the external economic environment, and promote the development of modern technologies in the agricultural sector. The model was tested using individual segments of agriculture as an example, which made it possible to assess its applicability in real conditions and confirm the significance of the proposed approaches. This approach can be used as a tool for developing recommendations on investment policy aimed at ensuring long-term sustainable development of the agro-industrial complex, increasing its competitiveness in the domestic and foreign markets, and achieving food security for the country.
The formation of a rural settlement network of a territory is a complex process that goes through several stages in its formation. Each stage is determined by a set of factors that influence the map of rural areas with varying intensity. In the post-Soviet period, one of the main factors is demographic changes, which not only determine the socio-economic appearance of rural settlements, but also their viability in general. The demographic changes that determine the formation of the map of rural settlements in the conditions of post-Soviet society include changes in the size of the rural population, changes in the population of rural settlements, and changes in the number and composition of private households. In 1939 – 2020 The rural population of the region is steadily declining, which is due to both natural and migration loss. The areas where the largest decline in the rural population occurred include the northern and central regions of the region. An analysis of the population of rural settlements shows that the number of settlements with a population of 200 to 2000 people is steadily decreasing, while small settlements are growing at the same time. The greatest changes occurred on the map of the Tarsky and Ust-Ishim regions. An analysis of the number and composition of private households showed that the number of private households in 2002 - 2020. steadily declining; a reduction in the number of their members is also recorded. The number of one-person households is growing, while the number of other types of households is steadily declining. The result of these processes is, first of all, a reduction in the population of rural settlements, and therefore the preconditions arise for their disappearance from the map of the region.
The development of engineering infrastructure in rural areas is an important factor in the development of the village and determines the smoothing of differences in the standard of living of the urban and rural population. The presence of all key engineering networks in the village ensures a sufficient level of living comfort, which will also help reverse the negative trend of the outflow of the rural population to urban agglomerations. An analysis of the dynamics of key indicators of engineering infrastructure development in the Belgorod Region showed that the region significantly exceeded both the average Russian indicators and the indicators of the macroregion (Central Federal District). The level of gasification of rural areas in the Belgorod Region increased by 3.2 percentage points in 2011-2022 and amounted to 98.3%, while in the Central Federal District it reached 86.2%, and the average Russian - 74.2%. The share of the area of housing stock equipped with heating in the total area of all housing stock in the region increased by 8.1 percentage points over the analyzed period and amounted to 99.6%, while in the Central Federal District and in the Russian Federation it amounted to 75.6% and 73.2%, respectively. It was established that in 2022, 83.4% of the housing stock in rural areas of the Belgorod Region was equipped with a water supply, which is 30.9 percentage points more than at the beginning of the analyzed period, as well as 16.0 percentage points more than in the Central Federal District and 16.3 percentage points more than the Russian average. The development of the paved road network between rural settlements in the Belgorod Region is estimated at 91.9%, which is 19.9 percentage points higher than in the Central Federal District and 22.5% more than in the Russian Federation as a whole. The level of digitalization of the local telephone network in the region under study isestimated at 95.2%, which is slightly higher than the average values for the Central Federal District and the country.
Digital technologies are becoming an integral part of not only a global, but also a national food security strategy. The formation of digital platforms in the agro-industrial complex and their integration with similar platforms in other areas of the economy can significantly increase the efficiency and quality of management of the agricultural sector and increase the economic efficiency of its functioning. The presented material does not pretend to be the depth of elaboration of issues on each of the issues raised, but it affects the most significant of them. Analytical and expert reviews concerning these issues are selective and subjective. The purpose of this article is to discuss conceptual provisions for organizing state monitoring of food security using digital technologies, which in the future could become the basis of the project. This paper explores key aspects of the introduction of digital technologies into the system of state monitoring of food security. The focus is on components, functions and digital technologies that can be used both in organizing state monitoring of food security and in shaping the implementation of the new paradigm of economic relations in the agro-industrial complex, including government support, concessional lending, taxation, pricing and others. The importance of the proposed changes lies in their ability to strengthen food security at the national, regional and settlement levels. The use of the proposed digital technologies will not only increase the level of self-sufficiency, but also take measures to reduce dependence on external geopolitical factors, increase the effectiveness of state support, and allow making operational management decisions in real time.
The article raises questions about the need to adjust the import substitution model implemented at the current stage of development of the Russian agro-industrial complex, which inevitably entails the expansion of import substitution programs for agricultural and food products. Based on statistical data for 2015-2021. An assessment was made of the country's level of self-sufficiency in basic food products, the dynamics of sown areas was analyzed, and an assessment was made of the effectiveness of the sale of the main types of agricultural products in Russia. Based on the results of the analysis, weaknesses in the implementation of import substitution programs in the agro-industrial complex at the present stage were identified, the main of which are the high dependence on the imported seed stock; lack of highly productive domestic genetic material for livestock industries; restriction of imports of advanced agricultural machinery and technologies, etc. The nature of the limiting factors lies in the model currently being implemented in the agro-industrial complex, which is based on the priority development (and therefore state support) of domestic food production in the most competitive clusters. This, in turn, does not allow us to recreate a single chain of production of final products with high added value. However, in general, despite the remaining problems, we should talk about the effectiveness and high efficiency of import substitution in the Russian agro-industrial complex, which is determined by the faster growth rates of agricultural exports compared to the growth rates of imports. In this regard, individual structural elements of the implemented model of import substitution in the agro-industrial complex, within the framework of the ongoing policy of import substitution and reduction of import dependence in the Russian economy, can be implanted in other sectors. In their study, the authors proceed from the idea (and this constitutes its scientific novelty) about the need to implement in the future a neo-industrial model of import substitution in the agro-industrial complex, which involves the recreation of all value added chains in the national economy: from selection and genetic engineering to the production of competitive technologies as a fundamental factor in increasing Russia's food security in the face of increasing external shocks. To implement the presented model, it is critical in the near future to develop and implement additional government support measures aimed at increasing the production of milk and dairy products, fruits and vegetables; creation of a domestic seed production base, breeding stock of poultry and livestock, as well as protectionist measures for manufacturers of agricultural machinery.
The need to increase the volume of domestic agricultural production actualizes the task of creating mechanisms to support and stimulate demand for innovative products of the agro-industrial complex. Objective of the study: development of tools and mechanisms to support and stimulate demand for domestic innovative products in the agro-industrial complex. Research methods: In the course of the study, monographic, abstract-logical, analytical, economic-statistical research methods were used. The tools and mechanisms of state support and stimulation of demand for domestic innovative products were studied. The analysis of the selection development of domestic agricultural production within the framework of the Federal Scientific and Technical Progress was carried out, the forms of support for stimulating demand for new varieties and planting material, new equipment, feed production technologies, technologies for beef and dairy cattle breeding were studied. Results: Methodological approaches have been developed for restructuring state support for regions in the direction of increasing subsidies, taking into account the achieved level of innovativeness of agricultural production. Based on the proposed approaches, the possible increase in agricultural production in the regions of the Volga Federal District was calculated. Directions for supporting and stimulating demand for domestic innovative products have been developed based on the adaptation of strategic marketing concepts to agro-industrial production. The practical significance of the research results lies in the possibility of their use in developing mechanisms for state support of demand for innovative products and digital technologies in the agro-industrial complex.
The aim of the study was to analyze changes in the organization of land control and determine the directions for its improvement in modern economic conditions.The features of the formation of the regulatory framework during the formation of the land control institution for the period from the beginning of the land reform of the 90s to the present are considered.A conclusion is made about the presence at the federal and regional levels of the necessary system of specific rules, management bodies, their functions and interactions in solving the problems of increasing the responsibility of participants in land relations for compliance with the requirements of land legislation.Using data from Rosreestr, the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation and Rosselkhoznadzor, an assessment is given of the change in the dynamics of control and supervisory activities in the sphere of land use in the country as a whole and in more detail in the regions of the Northwestern Federal district.Proposals are formulated to improve the efficiency of the mechanism for monitoring the protection and use of agricultural land as the most important element in the implementation of state land policy.
Scientific approaches to the development of agriculture substantiate the formation of such organizational and legal forms as industry and regional clusters. Green clusters are a new phenomenon for the Russian economy, but very promising, since their activities are aimed at saturating markets with organic products, applying nature-saving (green) technologies in production. The Volga-Don interfluve is one of the plains of the European part of Russia with intensive agricultural production. The aim of the study was to study the conditions for creating a green agricultural (horticultural) cluster in the Volga-Don interfluve zone. Among the tasks was to study the international and Russian practice of developing green clusters, attracting private investment, creating conditions for the intensification of agricultural production. The object of the study was the agro landscapes of the Volga-Don interfluve and entrepreneurial activity in the agro-industrial complex. Studies have shown that the interfluve is a promising platform for the development of a green horticultural cluster based on the intensification of entrepreneurial activity with a synergistic effect, the formation of environmentally sustainable agrolandscapes. The development of green agricultural clusters in the field of industrial gardening, with the planned output of products from a unit of green space, requires a multifactorial approach with the creation of conditions for the introduction of innovations. Economic and mathematical modeling made it possible to determine the range of positive values for the functioning of a green gardening cluster, and the construction of a standard model, to highlight the strengths that ensure the intensification of gardening, and the weaknesses that indicate insufficient funding and proper logistical support. The formation of green agricultural clusters at the regional level will contribute to the implementation of state policy in ensuring food security, export orientation of agricultural production and the fulfillment of sustainable development goals.