This article classifies projects and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of this approach. The domestic experience of project activity research has been summarized. Resolution No. 1242 of 12 October 2017, beginning in 2018, replaced the State Programme for the Development of Agriculture and Regulation of Agricultural Production, Raw Materials and Food Markets with a "pilot" project. In its new form, the programme consists of 9 sub programmes, some of which are regarded as priority and some as support. Recommendations on improvement of project management are given. The place and role of municipal entities in the implementation of regional and national projects were also studied.
Based on the concept of sustainable agriculture, the author characterizes the current state of the industry in Russia and identifies areas of development and tools that help to reduce negative economic, social and environmental effects and increase sustainability. A significant role in this process can play the development of environmentally friendly production, including the use of organic technologies. Digital technologies in the agro-industrial sector can improve its sustainability by reducing transaction costs and coordinating small producers. The purpose of the study is to identify areas of development and tools to improve the sustainability of agriculture in Russia, including in the sector of environmentally friendly and organic production.
The fixed assets are the basis of the resource potential of agricultural organizations, which characterizes technical equipment and directly affects the productivity of work, the level of mechanization of technological operations, automation of production processes, and therefore the cost of production, profit and profitability. The study identified the use of fixed assets by agricultural producers. The main problems of their use have been identified. It has been proved that the main reason for the low economic efficiency of agricultural production is the high cost of using fixed assets and the reduction of capital investments (including state investments), which reduce the opportunities for economic growth of agricultural organizations of the Irkutsk region. The long cycle of production, severe natural climatic conditions, low labour productivity, large volumes of capital investments determine the lack of interest of potential investors. The study shows the evolution of fixed asset utilization indicators and justifies the need for an integrated long-term development programme.
The use of land resources of farms needs to be improved. Conducting agricultural production in this form of management meets the economic and social interests of the rural population, provides the prerequisites for the preservation of the rural way of life. The current state of the agricultural economy does not provide favourable conditions for the development of small and the creation of new farms. There are two groups of problems hindering the development of peasant land ownership: external and internal. The main of these problems are manifested in the difficult conditions for the creation and expansion of peasant land use, the presence of shortcomings in the organization of the territory of peasant farms, the complexity of preserving the land and property complexes of peasant farms, the lack of a unified system of organization and organization of the territory of peasant farms, the irrational use of land resources of peasant farms. To create General prerequisites for the development of agricultural and peasant land ownership, it is necessary to improve the system of land management used in agricultural production, with appropriate regulatory, organizational, scientific support. Requires the development of the practice of development of pre-project and project organizational and territorial documents in relation to peasant land ownership, covering all stages of the land management process: from forecasting the use of land farms and the design of individual land uses to the implementation of project development in the territory. The implementation of these measures is aimed at improving the peasant land ownership, the organization of rational use of land farms, the development of multicultural agriculture.
The article justifies the need for transformational changes in the system of management of innovative processes in the agricultural sector of the economy in the context of the transition to digital agro-economy. The main changes in the organization of management systems in the implementation of digital technologies are discussed. Among the main fundamental changes in the organization of control systems are the following: 1) a significant increase in the speed of transmission of information of any volume and type; 2) substantial expansion of control capabilities of control objects; 3) increase of business process automation volumes in both managed and control systems; 4) emergence and development of artificial intelligence, managing people, mechanisms, organisms and environment. The authors highlight three stages in the evolution of the information environment for the management of innovative processes in agriculture, the successive change of which forms the main trends of transformational changes. Information and information management tools based on new technologies in the digital economy should be key elements of the governing systems of the future.
The article considers the main definitions of the concept of "agricultural industry", sets out its main characteristics, based on international and domestic approaches, taking into account the production and consumer components of functioning. It has been shown that statistical indicators of agricultural sectors are often not comparable, and do not allow to assess the actual state of sectoral development, accordingly to make reasonable management decisions. The effective management of agricultural industries and sub-sectors depends on the quality of information on their status, methods and technologies for processing economic information. There is a need to further improve the legal, regulatory and statistical framework of agricultural organizations of different types of activities and industries.
High competition in the educational environment requires the search for factors and the development of methods to improve the quality of education and the competitiveness of scientific and pedagogical collectives of universities. The article considers the main methodological provisions for determining the intellectual potential of an institution of higher education on the basis of the principles of a systemic approach. The results of assessment of intellectual potential of agrarian universities using qualitative models of components of intellectual potential are presented. The results of the comparative analysis of four agrarian universities using qualitative models of intellectual potential indicators confirm that the level of intellectual potential of the university is an objective prerequisite for ensuring its competitiveness, place and status in the educational environment. The values of all components of the intellectual potential of the Russian Agricultural University named after K.A.Timiryazev are much higher than those of other agricultural universities under consideration.
One of the main tasks of the development of agribusiness in the Tomsk region is the sustainable staffing and development of the human resources of the region. The solution to this problem is partly possible through the integration of agricultural institutions of the Tomsk region and leading agricultural producers - this will create a system of training specialists that will attract young people to agricultural educational institutions who have previously decided on the choice of their professional path, and this is impossible without government intervention. This is the only way to create conditions for the formation and development of human capital in the region, which will increase the competitiveness of agricultural organizations and agriculture in general. In this regard, at the state level, the need to create training centres was recognized as one of the directions for implementing the conceptual approach of state support for the development of human capital in agriculture of the Tomsk region. The activities of training centres are designed to concentrate within their walls the training and advanced training of leading personnel and agricultural specialists. The centres are focused on training integrative specialists with a certain reserve of professional knowledge and abilities. It is not only about the formation of practical skills and abilities among graduates, but also about the development of the most significant universal human qualities and properties that, in the course of labour activity, the development of new production technologies, will allow you to dynamically change the acquired profession or specialty.
Providing the population with dairy products in accordance with the medical standards of consumption in the region involves increasing the efficiency of production of all dairy-grocery sub complex and in particular the production of milk in agricultural organizations as subjects sub complex. Improving milk quality contributes to the growth of profits of dairy enterprises and agricultural organizations by increasing the range of products, increasing the share of demanded dairy products and reducing processing costs, technological losses, marriage. The algorithm of milk distribution for the production of dairy products, allowing to form its range depending on the quality of raw materials in order to obtain greater profits. The distribution structure is based on the content of fat in raw milk and provides for the stimulation of agricultural organizations to produce their own raw material of high quality with greater fat content. In the production of dairy products, when using raw materials with a fat content of 4‰, the costs of auxiliary materials, electricity, and water are reduced by 4.0-5.0‰. Improving the quality of products (cheese, cottage cheese) contributes to profit growth by 8.0-10.0‰, butter-65‰ by reducing the consumption of raw materials by 20‰. Increasing the range of milk, kefirs, yogurt of different fat content from (0.5 to 3.2‰) contribute to the growth of profit at the level of 35‰ of the profit of milk production.
Russia is focused on realizing the export potential of the agricultural sector. Therefore, in recent years, changes have occurred in government support for the industry and areas of activity of agri-food companies. According to world forecasts, an increase in consumption of all types of meat is expected, especially in developing countries. Therefore, the possibility of expanding markets requires further development of the meat industry. In this regard, an analysis of global demand, supply and meat prices has been carried out. A detailed structure of Russian exports is presented. It was revealed that the largest share falls on poultry meat, pork, lamb and offal. Export geography has been analyzed and key strategic areas identified - the markets of Asia and Africa. In addition, export within the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union is of particular importance, with which trade accounts for about 15‰ of world meat supplies. Export support institutions are revealed. The SWOT - analysis was used to identify bottlenecks and competitive advantages of meat exports. Generalized recommendations are given for the further development of meat exports.