In the Russian Federation, a strategy for scientific and technological development is being implemented. It involves the implementation of seven key priorities that are associated with the transition to environmentally friendly and resource-saving energy; advanced digital, intelligent manufacturing technologies; highly productive and environmentally friendly agricultural and aquaculture, the creation of safe and high-quality food. The aim of the study is to analyze the impact of new environmental challenges and identify priority areas for conducting agro-economic research for the next decade, the results of which will confront new “big challenges” and transform their multifactorial impact as incentives for the scientific and technological development of Russia and the country's agricultural sector. Particular emphasis is placed on the need to develop a methodology and mechanisms for the qualitative growth of agricultural production through innovative technologies and the digital economy in the context of global integration processes.
For effective management of economy of the region directed to restructuring and modernization, development of enterprise cooperation and interregional integration there is a relevant need for a comprehensive investigation of regional developments, in particular, identification of regularities and studying of the created tendencies in the local grocery markets. The logic of the real research of a state and development of the local grocery markets of production of agriculture assumes coverage of the following main directions: assessment of current situation in the corresponding local market of production of agriculture for Stavropol Krai; studying of interrelations between groups of endogenous and exogenous variables, identification of the cause and effect relations and assessment of narrowness of communication between the studied indicators; the organization of process of creation of the econometric models identifying a state and development of the local markets of production of agriculture; forecasting of production of main types of production of agriculture in Stavropol Krai. The offered methodology of a research provides realization of econometric modeling and forecasting of key indicators of a state and development of the local grocery markets. As a result of a research the technique of forecasting of production of main types of production of agriculture in Stavropol Krai has been offered and approved.
The methodology for identifying market activity and patterns of market price formation for agricultural land plots based on the use of the econometric model of multiple regressions was tested on the example of the regions of the Central Economic Region as part of the Central Federal District. Estimated pricing factors are established and models for the formation of a specific market price for agricultural land plots in the regions of the Central Economic Region are built taking into account their geographical location. It has been established that activity on the secondary market of agricultural lands is determined by the structure of ownership forms on them, the income level of the population, and the socio-demographic and natural-economic characteristics of the region. The difference in prices for agricultural land between the regions is due to the size of plots, differences in socio-demographic factors, proximity to Moscow and the Moscow region, to regional centres. The proposed technique can be used to analyze market activity in different segments of the agricultural land market, to forecast market prices for agricultural land in the regions of the federal districts of the Russian Federation. The conclusion is drawn on the need for state regulation of market transactions with agricultural land, which should consist in maintaining their target destination, taking into account regional specifics, the fight against monopolistic manifestations.
Objective necessity of development of methodology of actualization of a cadastral estimation of the grounds of the agricultural purpose, corresponding is shown to requirements of the market in conditions of formation of digital economy. The modern condition of methodical maintenance and results of carrying out of a cadastral estimation of the agricultural grounds are analyzed. The conclusion about necessity of cardinal perfection of estimated methodology in view of occurring digital agrarian manufacture is done. Essentially new methodical approaches to carrying out of a cadastral estimation of the grounds on the basis of the analysis and the forecast of results of agrarian manufacture are theoretically proved. The concept of a method of actualization of an estimation of cadastral cost agricultural lands based is presented on: share distribution of economic result of agrarian manufacture between the ground rent and the income of the businessman; multi aspects a choice of estimated agricultural crops (groups) and levels of management of agrarian and industrial complex; multi-variant approaches of ways, criteria and mechanisms of calculations; optimization of structure of areas under crops; use of the actual initial given agricultural organizations from their annual reporting with the subsequent statistical processing. Calculations are carried out in an automatic mode in the economic-mathematical model created on the basis of the form of the annual reporting agricultural organisation on plant growing (№9-AIC), using the information of the arch reports the agricultural organizations, country (farmer) facilities and individual businessmen. The received results are represented in the special table and are compared to results of the previous estimations of cadastral cost of farmland.
The paper reflects the relationship of food self-sufficiency, food security and sustainable socio-economic development. Food self-sufficiency of each region is an integral component of the country's food security, the guarantee of preservation of statehood and autonomy, improving the quality of life and level of social protection. The rural territories of the Chelyabinsk region are a powerful centre for agricultural production, the value of which in 2018 amounted to 106.2 billion roubles. In relation to the value of 2010, the indicator increased by 2.4 times. Monitoring the production of the main types of agricultural products made it possible to identify areas specializing in the production of meat products (Sosnovskij, Argayashskij, Chebarkul`skij, Nagajbakskij, Agapovskij, Emanzhelinskij, Kunashakskij and Uvel`skij), which provide 84.5‰ of the total production of rural areas of the Chelyabinsk region. Chebarkul`skij, Agapovskij, Oktyabr`skij, Troiczkij and Kizil`skij districts are identified as the leading milk producers. The main producers of cereal crops are Troiczkij, Bredinskij, Kizil`skij, Oktyabr`skij, Varnenskij, Chesmenskij districts, providing more than half of the gross grain harvest in the region. This study showed that there are successfully developing agricultural economy and the potential for exporting of agricultural products in Chelyabinsk region.
Currently, most rural areas remain unattractive for young professionals and qualified management personnel. Among the factors hindering the consolidation of young specialists in the village, two main ones should be distinguished - the underdeveloped social infrastructure and the low level of wages. As before, the level of improvement of the housing stock lags far behind the city, even in industrialized regions. Among the urgent problems of sustainable development of rural areas, there are four main blocks: economic, social, administrative, environmental and natural resources. The purpose of the study is to identify the main factors that impede the sustainable development of rural areas; suggest scientifically based measures to weaken and eliminate their extreme and demotivation effects.
In the structure of each region, the agro-industrial complex is an important component for budgeting and ensuring food security. Today, the subjects of agro-industrial policy are traditionally classified as: the state, regions, large-scale agro-industrial business, agro-industrial associations and unions, clusters, chambers of commerce and industry of the Russian Federation and regions. All this necessitated the development of conceptual aspects of the formation of agricultural policy and was reflected in the chosen topic. As part of the preparation of this work, the author studied the theoretical aspects of agro-industrial policy. In particular, the concepts of agro-industrial policy, agrarian policy, agro-industrial complex are clarified; analyzed the statistical data of the agricultural sector of the Republic of Bashkortostan; new approaches and criteria for assessing agricultural policy are identified. As a result of the research, the concept of the formation and development of agro-industrial policy of the region based on the creation of integrated structures is proposed. An example of the activity of such an integrated structure is the TOR Corporation (Republic of Bashkortostan). The innovative product of this corporation is Agropolis, an eco-settlement for rural areas with non-linear architectonics using energy-efficient technologies and alternative energy sources. The construction of "agricultural cities" would solve the problem of the sustainability of young agricultural specialists in rural areas and providing them with modern housing that meets international environmental standards.
In the article is analyzing the usage of electro-energy in agriculture of Republic of Tajikistan, increasing the quantity of consumers of electricity allow out adaption of the innovation of technology and development of science technology processes. Actually the economic tasks is: supporting electricity at the some of the remote scattered and small villages of hard-to-reach areas also further development of the electro power by the small hydropower station without negative impact to ecology. It has approved that to build one small hydro power station in Muminabad village lead to increase annual volume of using electro power. It has proven the economic efficiency of increasing the small hydro power station at the all villages’ volume in Republic of Tajikistan, which lead to Tajik country to reach the energy independence.
The development of the agrarian sphere of the economy is significantly influenced by external and internal threats. However, given the increase in foreign sanctions against Russia, domestic threats must first of all be taken into account, as their prevention, mitigation and elimination depend directly on the country’s own capacity. They occur and can manifest themselves under many adverse factors and conditions. Among the most key economic threats to the development of the agrarian sphere of the country should be: the continuing structural deformation of the domestic economy; Sluggish current innovation and investment process, weakening of scientific and technical potential of certain industries of agro-industrial complex; A long-standing trend towards turning Russia into a fuel and raw material periphery of economically developed countries; The country 's continued high import dependence on selected food and agricultural commodities, as well as on the means of production; Large-scale outflows of Russian capital abroad; Deepening the property stratification of society into a narrow circle of rich and a dominant mass of low-income citizens in conditions of reduction of real incomes of the population; External debt of countries with excessive openness of the national economy, especially its agricultural sphere and, above all, agriculture; Continued criminalization and corruption in the national economy.
The concept of strategic planning of the development processes of regional agri-food systems under the influence of climate dynamics is presented. Two ways of influencing the climatic factor are considered: a direct effect on agrobiocenosis, causing adaptive reactions in the control system of agri-food systems, and indirectly through the external economic environment. The task of strategic planning is set, the object of which is two interacting contours of the management of the agri-food system: internal and external. A structural diagram of the agri-food system in the external environment is proposed, which can be used as a basis for developing a cognitive model and its use to assess the effectiveness of adaptive responses to climate dynamics.