Recently, scientific and technological progress in agriculture is inextricably linked with the introduction of digital technology. These include the Internet of Things (Internet of Things, IoT), artificial intelligence technologies (Artificial Intelligence, AI), robotics, as well as data analysis and processing technologies using ERP systems (Enterprise Resource Planning). The application of these technologies in agriculture has a direct impact on the formation of labour resources in the industry, which is accompanied by progressive changes in the number, quality of employees, and also the nature of relations between them. In accordance with the departmental project “Digital Agriculture”, the share of specialists in agricultural enterprises that have undergone retraining and have competencies in the field of the digital economy in working with digital products and technologies should be 50‰ by 2024. When determining the content of reproduction of labour resources in the conditions of scientific and technological progress, it is advisable to use the methodology of the containing phase: production, distribution, exchange and consumption. The stages of scientific and technological progress may include the development and implementation of a scientific and technical idea, the expansion and replication of a scientific and technical idea, the modernization of a scientific and technical idea, and the exhaustion of the potential of a scientific and technical idea. The characteristic of the phases of the reproduction of labour resources is given, depending on the various stages of scientific and technical progress. Scientific and technological progress leads to a systematic reduction in the need for unskilled labour resources and an increase in the demand for qualified personnel.
The method of improving the functioning of the infrastructure of the agricultural land market consists of successive stages: definition of the content of the concept, peculiarities, components of the infrastructure of the agricultural land market, implementation of the model of a universal tool as a specialized portal. The agricultural land market infrastructure is a collection of market-oriented institutions that speed up or constrain land market operations. The formation of infrastructure, the quality of servicing of transactions for the purchase and sale of agricultural land are influenced by the selection of an evaluation company, a trading platform, a credit institution, an insurance organization, services, their internal connections, conditions, positive and negative effects (internals). A single electronic access point is a model information system that provides structuring of statistical, legal, scientific information, justification of agronomic, economic, consumer values of land, updating of cadastral and market value of land plots, communication of agents, actors, provision of services, bidding, auctions, conclusion of sales and sale transactions, rental, maintenance of market development. This system of direct and reverse relationships of organizations, small forms of economic management, content managers, market agents takes into account the interests of participants in land relations and is aimed at optimizing demand and supply for agricultural land.
The article deals with the issues related to the existence of such a segment of participants as producers of agricultural products in the Russian securities market. The effects of entering this market for modern agricultural producers are considered, the state of the considered segment of its participants is analyzed. Despite the variability, volatility, and other risk factors, agriculture is of reasonable interest to the investor. It is noted that Russian agricultural holdings are actively working to optimize their strategies, improve capital structures, increase capacity and market shares, which will give agricultural enterprises a chance to significantly increase capitalization while restoring investor interest in the Russian stock market.
The authors reveal the features of the development of the technology transfer system in modern agriculture in Russia. The mechanism of technology transfer in agriculture is considered. The main problems constraining the introduction of new technologies in agriculture are highlighted, and the main factors influencing the mechanism of technology transfer in agriculture are determined. The works of Russian scientists of agrarian science in the field of technology transfer are analyzed. The influence of digitalization of the economy on technology transfer in agriculture is considered. The necessity of active introduction and use of new technologies in agriculture of Russia, as well as their approbation and adaptation in modern conditions is theoretically proved.
The article notes that the public administration system has not created the prerequisites for the sufficient development of all relevant and traditional agricultural sectors for Russia. The reasons for this situation are considered, the main of which is insufficient consideration of characteristics of production of various types of agricultural products. The proposals are formulated, aimed at the harmonious development of agricultural sectors, for which there are favourable climatic conditions. When forming the methods of state financial support, the feasibility of switching to a “food” approach is substantiated, which implies a greater differentiation than is currently accepted depending on the payback period of investments in fixed assets, the level of profitability of the products, the bioclimatic potential of the territory and the distance to large sales markets. It is recommended to determine the rating of regions for the development of agricultural sectors and to evaluate the activities of authorities also taking into account the above factors, supplementing them with the value of the specific budget support received by the subject of the Russian Federation.
Technical service is today an independent industry associated with the operation of equipment in almost the entire national economy of Russia. The main task of technical service is the organization of proper operation of equipment to ensure high reliability, efficiency, productivity, minimum negative impact on the environment. The aim of the study is to study the possibility of using project management in technical service. The following methods were used in the study: analytical, expert assessment methods, computational and analytical, economic and statistical, comparative and system analysis. The possibilities, goals, components of project management are considered. The main differences of project management are defined. The conclusion is made about the possibility of project management in the technical service.
The purpose of the laboratory studies was to establish the effect of disinfectants on the germination energy and laboratory germination of seeds of soft spring wheat, spring barley and peas. For comparison of the action of disinfectants on germination and seed germination of the three crops used the following products: Deposit and Maxim peas, Scarlet, stinger Trio, benefit, Maxim, Extrasol on wheat and barley at the recommended dose, just 21, for taken control variant with distilled water. It was found that the use of the drug stinger Trio significantly increased the energy of seed germination in spring wheat varieties Catherine and spring barley varieties sonnet and chepelev Memory. Preparations used on pea seeds, in General, increased laboratory germination on all variants. The most effective drugs that protect crops from diseases are drugs: Maxim and tank mixture Extrasol + Maxim. Treatment with preparations on spring wheat Maxim + Extrasol allowed to increase field germination from 1‰ to 26‰ compared to the control. The maximum yield on the variety Catherine ranged from 4.0 t / ha (Scarlet) to 4.5 t / ga (Maxim + Extrasol). The greatest effect of increasing the yield was observed on spring barley in varieties of the drug benefit (+0.6 t / ga). On peas in varieties Krasnoufimsky 11 maximum yield obtained on the version of Maxim (1.6 t / ga).
The aim of the work was to develop mechanism for stimulating the production of agricultural commodities which can be sold through commodity exchange. The mechanism can be implemented in operation of land reclamation park (LRP) functioned on the base of public private partnership. As a result of the study the exchange prices of agricultural commodities and market prerequisites for stimulating production of soybeans in Russian Federation were analyzed. Based on the analysis, stimulating mechanism for producing in LRP agricultural commodities which have export potential was proposed. To disclose the main issues of the stimulating mechanism of soybeans production in LRP a business model Canvas was developed including key partners of LRP participating in implementation of mechanism proposed. Among key partners there are authorities, banking institutions, administrations of land reclamation and agricultural water supply, scientific research institutions, companies selling seeds, plant protection products, fertilizers, machinery, vehicles. The main value proposition was formulated, which is to provide marketing services for selling agricultural products and the technology for soybeans growing. According the technology, soybeans yield has to be higher than 2.18 t/ha; profitability – 40 ‰; cost price – 11504 roubles per ton. Adjusted for historical data of exchange indices, purchasing price of soybeans has to be equal of 16105 roubles per ton. Key resources in the developing model are the personnel who are knowledgeable in soybeans growing technology, characteristics of materials used in the technology, specifics of interacting with the key partners, and logistics. Availability of communication means and provision with storage facilities are considered also important.
The purpose of this study is to find out the peculiarities of the state and trends of the modern global and Russian agri-food market. The study examined the actual situation in the agri-food market in Russia. The analysis was carried out on the largest chain food companies of retail trade in Russia, as well as on the largest agro-industrial holdings. The results of the study suggest that the Russian agri-food market is monopolizing the market for trade in network food companies in partnership with the largest agri-holdings.
The market of information technologies in agriculture is rapidly developing and is saturated with new modern technologies. Digital innovative development of livestock is a process of natural transition to better technological management of the economy. Digital technologies in livestock include the creation and introduction of domestic competitive Smart Farm technologies, the production of a complex of robotic machines for farms with tied and free animal content, the development of modern animal protection systems; Introducing a sensor complex to monitor the physiological condition of the animal; Creation of a system of genetic control of breeds, types and lines of animals by genetic signs. A block diagram of the stages of transformation of scientific and technical results into innovation has been developed, with its subsequent implementation in innovation in tribal livestock breeding with industrial maintenance technology. The forecast showed the growth of milk production in the Sverdlovsk region by 2020 to 11374.3 million tons, the reduction of milk herd by 51865 heads with the increase of the average annual duty per cow to 8.7 tons.