The synthesis of an integrated model of agricultural development at the regional level is a tool for identifying patterns and trends in the industry, taking into account changes in the investment activity of agricultural entities in the Stavropol Territory. The field of practical application of such a model can extend from assessing the interrelationships of investment results in the development of agriculture in the region to simulation modeling and forecasting of the model’s performance indicators, which in this study are the results of economic activity of the sub-sectors of the crop and livestock sectors combined with integral indicators of investment activity. Forecasting the presented indicators of the development of agriculture in the region will allow you to make informed management decisions.
The article presents scientific studies to assess the stability of production and the level of defectiveness of food products (for example, meat products) produced in the agricultural production cooperative «Ermak» of the Omsk region. In order to study the degree of customer satisfaction with the quality of food products, an analysis of complaints on semi-finished products produced by agricultural production cooperative «Ermak»was carried out. For this, on the basis of studying the requirements for the quality and safety of semi-finished products, as well as the requirements for the process of their production, information on non-conformities is systematized in the form of a tree diagram. To assess the level of defectiveness, statistical control methods were used - a checklist for registering defective products and a Pareto chart. The most common defects of meat semi-finished products produced in the agricultural cooperative have been identified: extraneous taste, crumbly and tough consistency. The analysis made it possible to identify priority areas for increasing customer satisfaction, namely the unconditional fulfilment of product safety requirements and improvement of its organoleptic characteristics. Based on the Pareto diagram, an analysis of the possible causes of complaints has been carried out and measures have been proposed to reduce their number, which is reflected in the developed quality management scheme for meat semi-finished products in agricultural production cooperative «Ermak»
The role of agricultural production in the Russian economy is clarified. The instruments of state regulation of foreign economic activity in the sphere of agriculture are defined. The necessity of import substitution and problems in its implementation are considered. The conclusion is made about the success in solving the problem of import substitution. The role of foreign trade in providing conditions for the development of agricultural production is determined. The legal basis for the creation of export-oriented industries in the agro-industrial complex of Russia is named. The conclusion is made about the increase in exports of food products and agricultural raw materials. The share of agricultural products in the total volume of exports of the Russian Federation is determined. The dynamics of deliveries of food products and agricultural raw materials from the CIS and non-CIS countries was compared. The conclusion is made about a significant excess of food exports from the Russian Federation to foreign countries over exports to the CIS countries. The leading export commodity of agriculture of the Russian Federation is named. The conclusion is made about a significant increase in exports from Russia of wheat and meslin. The dynamics of imports of food products and agricultural raw materials is considered. The convergence of the value indicators of food exports and imports was found out. The need to diversify the structure of exports by types of goods and importing countries is justified.
The article deals with the issues of direct investment and reveals the disproportions in the movement of capital inflows-outflows when investing in the EAEU member States. The specific structure of direct investment in Russia and the agricultural sector of the economy is analyzed. Imbalances in the distribution of direct investment in agriculture at the regional level that are not related to the availability of production resources (for example, the area of agricultural land) are revealed. There is a need to expand state support for direct investment in agriculture
The place of sub-sectors of animal husbandry in the structure of gross agricultural output, the dynamics of milk production, livestock weight gain in Russia and in farms of various forms of ownership, the role of animal husbandry in the employment of the rural population, in solving food, environmental and demographic problems. Directions of development of digital technologies of execution of processes and separate types of production are given. The necessity of development of specialized support of mechanical engineering for the production of machines, equipment, automation and control for sub-sectors of animal husbandry is substantiated.
Approved in 2019, state program «Integrated Development of Rural Areas» focuses authorities attention and accumulates state support from federal budget in the amount of 1.06 trillion. rub. for 2020-2025 on the development of rural areas, including rural employment. However, growth of intensification and modernization of agricultural production, actively supported by the State programs of agriculture development, is considered by most industry participants as factors in reducing the number of people employed in agriculture and, as a consequence, in a significant decrease in level of employment of rural population. The purpose of this article is to assess the impact of innovation and investment development of individual agricultural producers and industry as a whole on the dynamics of employees number in agriculture and wages level. The study carried out on the example of farms specializing in milk production in Northern Non-Black Earth Region of Russia, in which dairy farming is a structure-forming branch of agriculture.
The article deals with the issues of production accumulation in agriculture in Russia. Studies have shown that when the volume of gross investment increases, the indicators of the gross and net accumulation rate tend to decrease. The unfavourable investment situation is aggravated by the unstable profitability of agricultural organizations, even taking into account state subsidies. Profitability indicators tend to decrease, which makes it impossible to predict the growth of accumulation rates. Research has shown that if there is not enough profit to accumulate, only 50‰ of the net profit remains Unallocated and can be used for investment purposes. In agriculture, there is a suboptimal structure of sources of financing of gross accumulation, the largest share falls on borrowed sources-loans and loans, which can lead to a deterioration in the financial condition of agricultural organizations and undermine their liquidity. To change the investment situation, a balanced state policy of investment support for agricultural organizations is necessary, aimed at direct subsidies to organizations, preferential lending, and other areas of institutional support – improving agricultural insurance, leasing, and others.
The current level of agribusiness development is weakly susceptible to innovation for a number of reasons independent of it. Today, technological innovations that are designed to improve agricultural production technologies are most acceptable and effective for the agricultural sector. To stimulate the growth of innovative products in the industry, we consider it important to allocate budgetary financial resources taking into account the calculation of a key parameter - the amount of financial support per unit (rouble) of innovative products. The prevailing stereotypes and approaches of the majority of enterprise managers to the significance of innovation should be reviewed, stimulating their introduction into production.
The relevance of the study is due to objective differences in the directions of the agro-industrial complex development of industrial and agricultural regions. The author explores the strategies of socio-economic development of regions in the context of industries and sub complexes of the agro-industrial complex, as well as the main directions, structure and content of development strategies of agriculture and food and processing industry of certain regions of the Siberian Federal District. The study allowed drawing conclusions about the need to shift emphasis in the development strategies of agribusiness in industrial regions in such areas as high-tech agricultural production, deep processing of agricultural products and the production of functional food products, that is, in innovative technologies that will allow to increase industrial regions competitiveness based on an intensive approach.
The criterion of regional development is determined by the choice of the ratio between economic and social efficiency. The article implemented groupings of regions of the Russian Federation on social and economic indicators. The small impact of changes in social indicators on the level of gross regional product is shown. The regions of the leaders with the highest change in gross regional product for the year are characterized by high profitability of assets of non-primary industries: processing and preservation of meat and meat food products in the Kaluga region (94.02‰); Production of chemicals and chemical products (51.22‰), construction of roads and highways (57.12‰), fishing (21.05‰) in Magadan region, higher education in Transbaikal region. Leadership on gross regional product change is also confirmed by a high level of fundamental efficiency.