The purpose of the study is to identify trends in the development of digital technologies in agriculture in accordance with the state programs of Russia and China, and the implementation of the Digital Silk Road project. The relevance of this study in solving the rational conduct of agricultural business by Chinese farmers in solving environmental and political issues is indicated. Complex digital solutions for the development of agricultural activities are considered. A SWOT analysis of the use of digital platforms in the interests of the state was made. China is a leader in the use of block chain technology and has a large share of patents for block chain applications. The introduction of block chain technology makes it possible to obtain transparent information for manufacturers, consumers and the public. Russia and China are united in promoting the Digital Silk Road by the mutual interest of both countries in food security and agricultural development. Block chain technologies will significantly speed up and simplify decision-making on the financing of the Digital Silk Road project, and digital agriculture will improve the efficiency of agriculture.
Agricultural insurance is an effective mechanism for risk management in agricultural production. Adverse external events in 2014 led to a decrease in the effectiveness of the applied state regulation measures. The article analyzes the development of agricultural insurance with state support in Russia in recent years. Particular emphasis is placed on 2018 and 2019. The study is based on the normative and statistical materials of Russia devoted to agro-economic insurance with state support. The legal basis for providing State support in the field of agricultural insurance has been established for the insurance protection of the property interests of agricultural producers related to the production of agricultural products. Agricultural insurance regulation with state support has changed markedly in 2018. Two main provisions positively influenced the situation in the market of agricultural insurance with state support: the abolition of the threshold of loss or death of crop crops, as well as the possibility to conclude an insurance contract against one or more risks - both in livestock and crop production. The analysis shows that in 2019 there is a positive effect of these changes. In 2020, agricultural insurance can be expected to expand.
At the federal level, a number of tools have been adopted to support innovation in agriculture in order to intensify, develop and remove existing barriers. To determine further directions for the development of innovative activity in the agricultural sector of the economy, primarily as a result of digitalization, it is necessary to analyze key indicators of enterprises engaged in the development and implementation of a system of precision farming and precision livestock farming. Practice indicates a low activity of the regions in the direction of digitalization of agriculture for the formation of a coherent and efficient national innovation system. It is quite obvious that the consequence of these circumstances is the underestimation of the Russian conditions for the functioning of the agrarian economy and the possibilities of innovative entrepreneurship. In this regard, it is of considerable interest to improve the system of indicators for assessing the effectiveness of innovations.
The problem and reserves of formation of the agricultural land market and shared ownership are considered. Changes in land use over the past 30 years are presented. The problem of non-demand of land shares according to experts’ estimates is from 20 to 50‰ of the total area of agricultural land for the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. According to the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation at the beginning of 2020 up to 12 million hectares of pasha in Russia is not processed and 50‰ is the land of payers. Agrarian transformations in the agribusiness have only complicated land relations. The reasons and facts in the dynamics of changes in domestic agriculture, including the establishment of a cause-and-effect relationship on registration of property rights to land, are stated. Attention is drawn to the role of the state in developing entrepreneurship in rural areas.
In recent years in the Russia the one of the important problems experienced by agricultural enterprises is the high cost of energy resources. The cost of spent petroleum products involves a part of a cost price of agricultural production and for agricultural enterprises in various brushes of production is from 3 ‰ to 20 ‰. In this report the relationship between changes in prices for petroleum products and changes in prices for agricultural products is determined. It is established that the increase in gasoline prices is one of the main reasons for the price rising of agricultural products in the Russian Federation. The dynamics of growth in oil and gasoline prices in Russia and the United States is assessed. The influence of changes in the cost of oil on the cost of fuel is determined. The main factors influencing the formation of the price of petroleum products are highlighted. From the analysis of the dynamics structure the price of gasoline in the Russian Federation in current 18 years the reasons for changes in pries are determined. The main reason is increasing of excise rate and the tax for mining mineral resources. In the coming years, it is predicted that the cost of agricultural products will continue to increase due to further increases in excise rates on oil fuel and changes in the tax for mining mineral resources.
The study identified the main trends in the development of horticulture as one of the priority sub-sectors of agriculture in addressing food security issues. The perspective directions of further development based on the transition to intensive technologies that provide the greatest efficiency in comparison with traditional technologies are determined. The regularities obtained during the study indicate that there is a significant potential for further development of the sub-sector. Defines the role of the "Russian state agrarian University – MTAA named after K. A. Timiryazev", as the leading agrarian universities of the Russian Federation in human and technological development of intensive gardening, the chosen direction of integration in the business community.
The last three decades have seen steady trends in the underproduction of milk and a reduction in its consumption by the population of the Russian Federation. Underproduction of milk poses a threat to the food security of the country, and under consumption poses a threat to public health. The low effective demand of the population in the conditions of the prolonged economic crisis is reflected in the reduction of milk consumption and an increase in falsifications and low-quality dairy products. The article analyzes the main factors that form the market of dairy products: the development of the dairy cattle industry, the dynamics of imports of dairy products, the level of paying demand. Particular attention is paid to recommended and actual food consumption standards, as indicators of the country's food security. Based on the map of strategic positions, proposed by the authors, relative to income level and consumption of milk, conclusions are substantiated on the nature of the development of the dairy market in the regions of the Russian Federation. The characteristics of the consumption of dairy products in the "rich" and "poor" regions are given. The specific problem of the dairy market is unsatisfactory quality and falsification. Fans of "healthy lifestyle" give up natural milk in favour of its plant analogues. Vegetable "milk" cannot replace natural milk; it does not contain sufficient amounts of useful substances needed by humans.
the article considers the questions: economic importance of milk in the economy of the country; the volume of milk production in recent years in the country; promising directions of increase of efficiency in agricultural organizations dairy and grocery complex Russia on the basis of innovation; the need for innovative robotic milking method in agricultural organizations dairy industry in the Central economic region; the indicators of economic efficiency of the proposed innovative project for the robotic dairy sub complex are calculated and justified.
In modern conditions of globalization of economic processes, special attention should be paid to changes in consumer demand, including for food. Currently, the transformation of demand for meat and meat products is largely due to significant changes in the understanding of product quality. The article presents the results of a marketing study of end consumers of meat and meat products conducted in the form of interviews in a number of Russian cities. Based on the study, the main trends in consumer preferences for meat and meat products were identified. Regularities of perceived quality characteristics in different groups of consumers are established. The main parameters by which the consumer currently judges the quality of the product are presented. There is also a high correlation between the level of income and the emphasis placed on the quality of meat and meat products. There is a correlation between consumer interest in animal welfare and the level of education of respondents. The main conclusions concerning the prospects for the development of consumer preferences for meat and meat products are presented.
Rabbit farming is one of the promising branches of animal husbandry, as rabbit meat is easily absorbed by the body, contains a rich set of vitamins. However, the cost of rabbit meat is many times higher than the cost of poultry meat (the main competitor). It is known that the structure of the cost price in rabbits differs from the structure of the cost price of other livestock industries, as in rabbits the costs for the purchase of feed and labour are at about the same level. We consider it relevant to carry out analysis of the cost of rabbit meat and to determine the directions of its reduction. The study found that other and material costs account for the greatest specific gravity in the structure of the cost of rabbit meat; the factors that led to this restructuring were identified. Three directions are proposed to reduce the cost of rabbit meat in Russia: development of selection-genetic centres for creation of domestic hybrids and crosshairs suitable for industrial rabbits; Development of cooperation and integration, which will allow organizing production of own fodders and complex processing of rabbit; Introduction of innovative rabbit-keeping methods. It is noted that the identified directions will not only help to solve the task, but will contribute to the development of the domestic industry of rabbits as a whole.