The article considers the current state and strategic directions of the development of domestic horticulture. As part of the study, it was found that despite the increase in gross harvest of fruits and berries observed over recent years, the volumes of Russian production do not satisfy the domestic demand for fruit and berry products. The dynamics of bookmarking perennial plantations in the Russian Federation is shown; the main indicators of the development of gardening in Russia are listed. The development of domestic horticulture is facilitated by the measures of state support, as well as the implementation of investment projects. The main measures of state support for horticulture, which include the development of horticulture and nursery farming, concessional lending, reimbursement of part of the cost per 1 unit of bookmarking and planting care, are considered. State financial support for gardening is one of the drivers for the development of the regional agro-industrial complex, where gardening is a traditional industry. Based on the experience of leading horticultural agricultural organizations, it was determined that further development of the industry is possible through the introduction of intensive and innovative technologies, which will make it competitive and increase productivity. As part of the ongoing government support measures, the main indicators of the development of the horticultural industry by 2024 are identified.
Greenhouse vegetable growing has a major role in meeting the population’s need for fresh vegetables in off-season times. The article provides an analysis of the need and availability of the main vegetable crops of the population of Russia, an analysis of the composition and structure of imported products and the directions of their receipt. The distinctive features of Russian vegetable growing at the current stage are highlighted; drivers and trends of industry development are identified. The annual gross collection of protected soil vegetables in Russia should be about 20 thousand tons, while the security is 13 thousand tons or 66‰. New trends in vegetable production are the use of hydroponics, aeroponics, aquaponics, vertical greenhouse for growing vegetables in the spaces of urban buildings, production and sale of mini vegetables in mini packages and vegetable mixes.
Sustainability of the development of basic sectors of the economy determines the nature of economic development, the level of food security of the country. The article formulates specific conditions for the concept of sustainability in relation to dairy cattle breeding, provides an analysis of dynamic trends in the industry, the degree of their stability and sustainability. Based on the use of econometric modeling, a model for the sustainable development of dairy cattle breeding was built under the influence of dominant growth factors. Up to 80‰ of the changes in the level of sustainable development of the industry in the region are determined by the volume of investments in fixed assets, state support, animal productivity and developed tribal work. The factors of increasing the efficiency of sustainable development of the dairy industry in the Smolensk region were identified and analyzed, taking into account investment policy, the development of the domestic genetic potential, labour productivity and innovativeness of the national economy.
The article attempts to characterize the functioning Russian economy. Based on the conclusions of the authors, it is classified as non-stationary, that is, it has to some extent the features of the four standards accepted in the world. This, as the experience of the post-Soviet economy has shown, inevitably causes a low probability of forecasts, unpredictability of behaviour in the future, which significantly complicates the search for optimal economic solutions for the organization and refers the problem to the choice of solutions in conditions of risk and uncertainty. To eliminate possible errors in the planning of activities, it is recommended to use the apparatus of mathematical decision-making theory, focused on the uncertainty of the source information and selection criteria. As the main one, we recommend using the Maximin approach when evaluating development options according to the Wald criterion, which provides for minimizing the minimum possible profits. Epiplemidae the decision it is advisable to check the savage criterion involving the minimization of the maximum of the dimensions of profits.
Ensuring financial stability in modern economic conditions is the main task of agricultural organizations and the topic of discussion of scientists. Crisis processes increase the risks of bankruptcy of agricultural organizations. At the same time, the goal of the import substitution concept is to produce competitive products. Therefore, the development of a methodology for assessing financial stability is an element of the system of stabilization and development of agricultural production. The purpose of the study is to develop provisions for the formation of information support for the assessment of financial stability, which will allow timely identification of risks of financial insolvency of the organization. In this work, descriptive methods, methods of generalization, comparison, systematization, and argumentation were used. The results of the study proved that the implementation of ABC method of allocation of indirect costs specifies costs for the production of a specific product, and the valuation of biological assets at fair value determines the competitiveness of production.
Food security of the Russian Federation is one of the main areas of national security. The strategic goal is to provide food and agricultural products to the population of the Russian Federation. The guarantee of achieving the strategic goal of food security of the Russian Federation is the availability of reserves and reserves necessary for stable domestic production. One of the factors for ensuring the region's competitiveness is the development of basic industries. The Stavropol territory also belongs to the agricultural regions of the Russian Federation, which has a significant volume of domestic food market. Therefore, one of the main tasks facing regional authorities is to increase the competitiveness of the agro-industrial complex in order to ensure self-sufficiency of the population with high-quality agricultural products and reduce its import dependence on imported agricultural products, as well as the development of export activities. In this regard, in this study, we will study the local agri-food market by analyzing the self-sufficiency of the population of the region with the main types of agricultural products and import dependence of the population of the Stavropol territory in imported agricultural products, the volume of export and import of agricultural products.
The largest share in the export of plant products is cereal. The rapid growth of physical volumes of wheat export predetermined the world leadership of the country. Meanwhile, such dynamics received an ambiguous assessment from domestic researchers. The world grain market has undergone changes: the processes of concentration of trade flows have intensified; there has been a tendency to lower world wheat prices. In these conditions, competition intensifies and brings to the fore the need to further improve the export structure, reduce costs and increase production efficiency. Mutual trade is growing. An equally significant role remains with trade and political relations between countries. Russia needs to focus on promising areas of grain exports, improving the quality characteristics of the goods and increasing the share of goods for deep processing of grain. This will provide a higher added value and ensure further revenue growth. State regulatory mechanisms require further improvement.
In connection with the upcoming development of the subprogram for the development of selection and processing of grain crops in the framework of the Federal scientific and technical program for agricultural development for 2017-2025, the analysis of foreign experience in supporting this direction is relevant. In the United States, along with private investment in the creation of varieties, state support for breeding is maintained, which is carried out through grant funding (the average grant amount is $ 300 thousand). USA). There are problems in many ways similar to the Russian ones: short-term (1-, 3-, 5-year) financing, while the creation and launch of a new variety lasts 7-12 years, the decline in the prestige of agricultural selection, the search for a balance of "state" and "private" selection. In France, funding for research programs in the field of selection (for grants distributed by competition) is provided by the plant breeding support Fund (FSOV), whose budget is formed by charging a fee of 0.9 euros / ton of grain collected by farmers (the so-called "contribution to research and innovation in varieties"), in return for farmers being granted the right to use certified seeds and take a loan of 5 euros/TS of certified seeds.
The article assessed the state of food security and considered certain risks, threats and challenges of an internal and external nature, as well as the possibility of solving priority problems in reaching the thresholds in the new version of the Food Security Doctrine of the Russian Federation. These include the promotion of national food security based on sound nutrition standards for all population groups; improving the socio-economic situation of the population, bridging the significant gap between the standard of living of urban and rural populations; Creation of knowledge-intensive and high-tech agriculture by its conversion to innovation and investment model of development. The role of the State in meeting food security thresholds is shown, when it is necessary to address simultaneously the problem of raising the level of income of the population ensuring healthy food and the problem of increasing the production of certain types of food to meet solvent demand and doubling exports of food and agricultural raw materials.
The current need to increase food security and food independence in the milk and dairy market, as well as the need for a forecast defined by the Food Security Doctrine, implies increased requirements for monitoring food security in all aspects. For the milk market, cattle are a key indicator. The use of reporting data for forecasting has a number of limitations due to lack of detail and timeliness. These shortcomings will overcome the use of the Internet of Things to monitor the number of CRS and predict food security