The article describes the international experience of risk management of the agricultural sector and the possibility of its implementation in Russia. The article analyzes the risk management system in the agricultural sector of Poland, Austria, the USA, Canada, covers the main methods of risk management widely used in these countries, including the insurance experience. Poland’s experience could be useful for Russia, as Poland is among the former socialist countries and has quite a large size of rural areas relative to the total area of the country. The direction developed in the United States - lending on the pledge of goods - could be useful for Russia. It is possible to achieve efficiency in risk management of the agricultural sector only by achieving a synergistic effect in the implementation of all risk management functions: planning, organization, motivation and control.
The actual achieved development indicators and expert assessments indicate that the domestic agribusiness in terms of maturity significantly lags behind the achieved levels of the leading countries. De facto, we are at different stages with different technological structures. In the leading countries, the state initiates and economically encourages the transition of its agricultural industries to" intelligent agriculture " - a new type of economic model, which in turn implies the scientifically based formation of ecosystems, pesticides and plant protection products, constant remote monitoring and monitoring of compliance with certified safety requirements. As a result of a significant increase in yields and productivity, the gross product of rural agriculture should reach the level of 5.9 trillion roubles.
The article discusses the impact of the digital economy on the development of agriculture; determines the degree of influence of innovative technologies on the processes of agricultural production; presents promising directions for the development of digitalization in agriculture, taking into account the goals and objectives of the program "Digital economy of the Russian Federation". The areas of innovation are Internet of Things technology-based monitoring and management systems, artificial intelligence, big data analysis and processing, traceability systems and other projects. Russia's digital economy's share of GDP is 2.8‰. An analysis of the current state of implementation of precision farming showed the presence of 114 "advanced" and 10 "digital" farms. The implementation of the Digital Economy project will affect the profitability of agricultural organizations, the quality and competitiveness of products.
the article considers the investment process in agriculture in the region as an integral part of agro-industrial production. Investment activity in agriculture is an objective need to improve the efficiency of the agar sector. The article considers and analyzes the main production funds in agriculture of the Stavropol territory and indicators of their effectiveness within the investment potential of the region, as well as indicators of sources of investment activity of agricultural production. The cost of investments in fixed assets in agriculture of Stavropol region in 2018 amounted to 15868.1 million roubles, which is lower than in 2016, it negatively affects the performance indicators in the industry. The most common are their own sources of investment financing. One of the conditions for reproducing the investment potential of the industry is to increase the level of real incomes of participants in financial and economic activities.
The use of financial technology is gaining more and more popularity in various industries, including in agriculture. Digital technologies are increasingly important that help monitor and plan agribusiness. As climate conditions worsen, farming becomes more complicated and competition in the agricultural production market increases, technologies will become more popular, and this requires a significant investment of financial resources. The work pays attention to the Digital Agriculture project in order to identify the main tasks and a number of measures for the implementation of digital innovative solutions and platform solutions in the agro-industrial complex, assessing the created both foreign and Russian financial technological solutions, payment platforms and startups for agriculture. The technological chain of a block chain for conducting a transaction of an agricultural producer is presented, it is noted that the programmed teams are responsible for checking transactions in the block chain system, keeping an up-to-date copy of all transactions that are carried out by network participants. This study was carried out using the methods of comparison, synthesis, analysis, as a result of which the main advantages of financial technology, the block chain for agriculture, were highlighted.
The article considers the features of agricultural production, determining the need to improve the management system of the agricultural and industrial complex in General and theoretical and methodological approaches to improve the management system of the agricultural and industrial complex in the Fourth industrial revolution. The key directions of improving the management system of agricultural production and agriculture in the region, in particular, pointing to the shortcomings of the existing management system, are manifested at the present stage. It is noted that the role of the management mechanism of Informatization is increasing to a comparable level with the mechanisms of organization and Informatization, when automation and robotization of agricultural production become priority factors for increasing labour productivity and increasing the volume of agricultural production. It is assumed that agro-cluster integration formations of innovative type (like MTS of the 30s of the XX century) should play the role of conductors of achievements of the Fourth industrial revolution, first of all, in regional agro-industrial complexes, when they serve to unite efforts in this direction of small, medium and large producers, science and education, state institutions.
The article presents the structure of innovative personnel management as a tool for improving the competitiveness of an enterprise, defines its role in personnel work, and systematizes automated technologies of innovative personnel management. The authors' vision of innovative HR work is presented with their division into groups of principles: anti- crisis, informational, innovative, and client- oriented. Among the innovative HR tools offered are the ability to manage volume data and the use of Workforce Management. A detailed description of the concept and principles of implementation and practical use of the proposed tools is provided. In order to apply human resources innovation tools and methods, it is necessary to establish an innovation management system that would achieve effective rates and staff renewal. Human resources tasks are often accompanied by conflict, given that individual staff, and the collective as a whole, can resist innovation in human resources.
Peasant (farm) farms play a significant role in ensuring the food security of the country, contributing to the employment of the rural population. This determines the relevance of the analysis of their human resources capacity with a view to identifying constraints to further positive development. The article contains the results of the questionnaire survey of the heads of peasant (farm) farms of Stavropol Krai, conducted on the basis of a sample stratified by sex, age, level of formation reliably showing the general population. The quantitative and qualitative composition of farmers and individual entrepreneurs has been determined. The need of heads of peasant (farm) farms to increase the level of professional competence due to violation of the terms of advanced training by most of them has been revealed. The most demanded skills and competencies are defined: agro marketing, use of modern analytical methods and tools for working with information, long-term and short-term forecasts of development of agricultural production and market of agricultural products, maintenance of digital equipment and cyber physical devices, processing of electronic data on hydro meteorological conditions, phyto sanitary and epizootic conditions, on the state of markets of agricultural products, raw materials and food. The leading role of agricultural counselling and additional vocational education is identified. The lack of coverage of farms by telecommunication networks and the lack of necessary conditions for distance learning have been found to be a limitation for widespread use of the latter.
In recent years, the Stavropol territory has seen an increase in migration activity of the population, the overall result of which is the predominance of migration outflow over inflow. This significantly affects the production sector, as it leads to a decrease in the number of jobs, deterioration in the moral and psychological climate in the team, a drop in labour productivity and a loss of profit. The conducted research has shown that the number of rural population is decreasing most intensively, which affects the provision of agricultural organizations with personnel. It was found that among migrants, the most mobile are people of working age, which significantly increases the load of people of working age on the remaining people of working age. The analysis of the motives for staff turnover in rural areas of the region showed that the main reasons for changing the place of residence are family circumstances, changing jobs and leaving for study. The results of a questionnaire survey of managers, specialists and permanent employees of agriculture showed that, along with low wages, the main reasons for staff turnover are unsatisfactory infrastructure living conditions of the rural population. The possibilities of increasing the motivation of rural residents to work in rural areas and in agricultural organizations, as well as barriers that prevent economic entities from implementing them are identified.
The main objective of this study is presented by the development of optimistic, pessimistic, and inertial scenarios for forecasting the number of workers and employees employed in agricultural production, as well as their average monthly wage. The main objectives of the work are: to study the staff of agricultural organizations in the near-climate-climatic zone of the Stavropol Territory, develop an information database of indicators, build regression equations and trends of exogenous indicators in the near-climate-climate zone until 2025, justify the need for forecasting the provision of agricultural organizations with workers.