The study examines the features of the formation of the regional competitive potential of producers of organic crop production. The positive dynamics of the industry development in the Russian Federation in the study period was revealed, the target indicators of the Strategy for the development of organic production in the Russian Federation until 2030 were determined under the basic scenario of the industry development, assuming an increase in the volume of organic production for the domestic market by 12.6 times, the volume of consumption of organic products by 6.1 times, the export of organic products by 7.5 times, the area lands where the technology of organic crop production is used 6.5 times. It has been established that with regional support for the development of the industry, due to the above-mentioned Strategy, there will be the emergence and grouping of competitive advantages with a low, medium and high degree of resistance to the external environment. The potential opportunities of the Saratov region in the production of organic crop production are determined through an average degree of stability of competitive advantages and the identified features of the formation of regional competitive potential, namely: geographical expansion, improvement of the assortment list, improvement of product quality, compliance of pricing policy in the industry with the capabilities of consumers, effective logistics, effective innovative mechanism, positive image of producers. Promising directions for the development of the competitive potential of agricultural producers in the production of organic crop production are substantiated: the use of industry development opportunities provided by the implemented Strategy for the development of organic production in the Russian Federation until 2030 and the application of the Law of the Saratov Region dated 04/27/2020 No. 37-ZSO; the use of geographical location and climatic conditions for the production of unique products of the industry (crop cultivation organically, having the opportunity to grow in the conditions of the Volga Federal District), the development of sales markets; the use of territories for economic development, unique biological diversity, favorable conditions for external markets for the region, infrastructure development.
The article notes the importance of fruit and vegetable products for healthy nutrition and life expectancy of the population. An assessment is given of the level of self-sufficiency in vegetables and fruits in the country as a whole and by federal districts. The contribution of each district to their production is shown. The dynamics of produced vegetable and fruit and berry products in households over a five-year period (2018-2022), as well as its species structure for 2022 are presented. The significant role of households in self-sufficiency of the country in fruit and vegetable products is emphasized, the reasons hindering the growth of production in this segment are identified, and proposals are given to reduce their negative impact.
The article presents the methodology for assessing the economic advantage of comparable radical innovations in the history of crop production. The methodology is based on the calculation and comparison of multifactor productivity of innovations; two classifications of innovations in crop production are also used: by their purpose and by their relation to the agricultural technological paradigm of the relevant historical period. The classification of innovations by their purpose specifies the type of the formula used to calculate the multifactor productivity. In turn, the classification of innovations by their relation to the technological paradigm is applied to determine the basis for comparison when assessing the innovation of interest. As a result, simple principles of ensuring an economic advantage of the innovation in relation to its basis for comparison (another innovation) are formulated, such as: 1) the change in the productivity of the technological operation should be greater than the change in the price of performing work in one unit of time; 2) the change in yield should be greater than the change in costs per unit of sown area; and 3) in case of improvement of the qualitative characteristics of agricultural products, which may be accompanied by a decrease in yield and an increase in costs, a corresponding increase in prices for the agricultural product is necessary. The article provides examples of assessing the economic advantages of a tractor and mineral fertilizers.
Dairy chains are associated with the movement of products - production, collection of milk, its processing and delivery of milk and dairy products to the end consumer, accompanied by an increase in its value. The article on the example of processing organizations of the Republic of Mordovia analyzes milk processing and the effectiveness of dairy products. The Republic of Mordovia ranks third in milk production in the Volga Federal District. The development of the milk production industry affects the performance of processing enterprises. 22 organizations are engaged in milk processing in the Republic of Mordovia. Most of the milk processing enterprises are low-margin. The highest profitability of sales of butter - 12.5%. In planning the production, processing and sale of milk and dairy products, it is necessary to develop deep processing and production of high-margin products with high export potential, to take into account the social component of the spatial location of production. The following promising areas in the development of milk processing were highlighted: expansion of the range of dairy products produced; expanding the use of by-products for the production of dairy products, secondary dairy raw materials; the use of artificial intelligence in organizing production in the dairy industry; deep processing of milk to produce food ingredients for various branches of food industry.
Rural tourism is a growing industry in agriculture. Over the next three years, the number of rural tourists will grow to 7 million people per year. The Rosselkhoznadzor estimates that the additional income of farmers from rural tourism will amount to 5% of the total income of peasant farms. In particular, in 2023, interest in farm holidays increased by 70% on the Svoe Out of Town platform, and in visiting wineries – by 40%. In addition, the market is stimulated by the state program "Tourism Development", which aims to preserve the growth potential of both domestic tourism in general and rural tourism in particular. However, demand must be satisfied by supply. The share of rural tourism in the total volume of travel in Russia does not exceed 1.5%. The development of this area until 2030 is enshrined in the law adopted in 2021 (Federal Law No. 318-FZ dated 07.02.2021 "On Amendments to the Federal Law "On the Basics of Tourism Activities in the Russian Federation" and Article 7 of the Federal Law "On the Development of Agriculture"). It is important not only to support and develop rural tourism, but also to assess its multiplier effect for related industries in order to identify trends in sustainable rural development. In the article, the author gives this assessment in the context of three blocks of rural development: infrastructural and economic, socio-cultural and ecological-climatic. At the regional level, the strengths and weaknesses of rural tourism development are identified, as well as the dynamics of integral indicators.
The article presents a methodology for assessing the sustainable development of rural territories based on the use of rating assessments. The study begins with the selection and grouping of indicators affecting the sustainable development of the agricultural sector. Then the rating value of these indicators is determined through their comparative importance relative to the maximum values. For each district, an assessment is made on the basis of the established rating scale, which makes it possible to identify the impact of specific parameters on the sustainable development of agriculture in the municipality. The obtained results help to group districts to determine the significance of parameters, which contributes to the effective allocation of financial resources, government support and improvement of the quality of life of the population. The methodology allows us to classify rural areas by their development level and identify the main trends in the structure of sustainable rural development.
The article considers the problem of a typological approach to the management of rural development on the example of the Kursk region. It is noted that for effective management of rural development, it is necessary to typologize rural territories in order to determine the priority directions of development of each selected group. In addition, domestic and foreign methods of rural typologization are considered, the main criteria for identifying types and groups of rural territories are analyzed. Based on the analysis of existing methods, the methodology was determined, which became the basis for conducting the presented study – the methodology of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). International methodology it has a number of key distinguishing criteria that are not always considered in domestic practice, in particular, the proportion of the rural population is taken into account, as well as the level of population density, the extended typologization also takes into account the criterion of remoteness of rural territory from a large urban agglomeration. According to the chosen methodology, rural territories of the Kursk region are typologized, in addition, the proportion of rural residents in them is determined, and the main trends in the distribution of population in the region are identified. All of the above gave grounds to conduct a SWOT analysis of the selected types of rural areas. The constructed SWOT analysis made it possible to develop a matrix for managing rural areas in the region. Priority measures have been formed for each group of districts to achieve socio-economic development of rural areas based on the weaknesses and strengths of each category. Tasks and directions of development have been developed for each group of rural territories, taking into account the specifics of the area. The key goal of the research is to develop and systematize a set of tools to increase the level of socio-economic development of rural areas and improve the quality of life of rural residents.
The human capital of mountainous rural areas is a key factor in their prospects and socio-economic development. In a broad sense, it is presented as a complex characteristic reflecting the establishment of a balance between society and nature, health, lifestyle of the local population and its economic activities. At the same time, traditional approaches to assessing human capital in relation to mountainous territories are practically not applicable, since they do not take into account their natural features, rural character, socio-cultural and ethnonational originality. The authors define the human potential of mountain territories as a set of physical and spiritual health, sensitive to external influences; accumulated and transmitted from generation to generation ethnocultural traditions, experience, knowledge and skills; demographic, educational and labor resources, thanks to which local communities realize their needs and aspirations in the interests of society as a whole. The main components of the human potential of mountainous rural areas are highlighted, which include: local ethnocultural traditions and values, experience, knowledge and skills; the close connection of the vital activity of the local population with the local unique mountain nature; the health of the population, its lifestyle and economic activities; the ability to preserve a self-sustaining ethnic culture. Based on the assessment of the socio-economic dynamics of the Caucasian republics, the authors noted barriers to the development of human potential in mountainous rural areas, including: difficult living conditions of the population living in mountainous and lowland areas; the desire to preserve traditional ways of conducting agricultural activities; relatively low level of education of the population; youth outflow; land degradation and natural disasters. In this regard, according to the authors, the economic policy of the state should be aimed at preserving and reproducing human potential, taking into account the protection of the unique natural environment, the interests of future generations and the preservation of national culture, traditions, and values of the local population of mountainous territories.
The article notes that the reason for the long-term crisis in the countryside, which cannot be overcome despite the implementation of numerous state programs and other documents, is the reliance on an outdated ideology of the formation of socio-economic relations, which presupposes excessive centralization of the system of state management of rural areas. It is concluded that this ideology contradicts modern trends in the development of these relations, and has led to the monopolization of the said system and the economy of the agro-industrial complex. Strategic goals and objectives of public administration in the sphere of rural development are formulated. The necessity of choosing a model of public administration of rural territories that promotes the development and maximum use of the economic and social potential of the rural population is substantiated. The main conditions for solving these problems include strengthening the institutions of local self-government and small entrepreneurship in rural areas.
The purpose of the study is to identify the main trends in the development of grain farming in the Altai Territory, to assess the effectiveness of grain production by natural and climatic zones of the region and the influence of structural (spatial) factors on the profitability of grain production. The article identifies the main trends in the gross grain harvest in the Altai Territory, reveals an increase in the share of small forms of farming in the structure of grain producers and a change in the spatial distribution of grain crops. The main factor in increasing the gross grain harvest is an increase in the yield of grain crops, and a change in the area of harvesting grain crops for various categories of agricultural producers led to a decrease in gross harvest. Grain production is represented in all natural and climatic zones of the region with a high concentration of crops in the steppe and forest-steppe parts, however, the structure of crops by types of grain crops is different, which determines the variation in profitability from 27.7% to 69.2%. Differentiation in terms of gross grain harvest in agricultural organizations is increasing between municipalities of the Altai Territory, but mainly due to an increase in production volumes in areas with large amounts of grain crops. A direct, close dependence of the profitability of production on the yield of grain crops was revealed (the correlation coefficient varied from 0.849 to 0.941), costs per 1 hectare of sown area (the correlation coefficient ranged from 0.610 to 0.832) by natural and climatic zones. In the context of the natural and climatic zones of the region, the influence of structural (spatial) shifts on the profitability of grain production is positive, but non-essential structural factors led to an increase in grain profitability by only 0.98-1.27 percentage points. Profitability is mainly influenced by price factors affecting income from grain sales and an increase in the share of material costs and wages in the unit cost of production. The prospects for increasing the efficiency of the spatial development of grain farming in the region are associated with its integration into the world grain markets, and the improvement of grain production technology.