The purpose of this study is to carry out a comparative analysis of individual demographic characteristics (population size, number of rural settlements, gender and age indicators) of the rural population of the Russian Federation, obtained on the basis of the results of the All–Russian Population Censuses of 2002, 2010, 2020, in order to establish the main trends in their development. In the process of preparing the article, the authors used the materials of the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation, the works of scientists on the problems of the demographic situation in urban and rural areas. In 2002-2020 the population of the Russian Federation was dominated by the urban population (its share in the total population averaged 73.9% over the period). The share of the rural population in 2020 decreased from 26.7% to 25.2% in comparison with 2002 (which is 1,631 thousand people). When comparing the number of rural population in the subjects of the Russian Federation in 2020, 18 regions of the Russian Federation were identified since 2010, where positive growth rates of this indicator were noted, in the seregions the rural population increased by 1126.8 thousand people in total. In 2020, compared with 2002: the proportion of the rural population younger than able-bodied decreased from 21.4% to 18.7%, that is, in the future, the number of able-bodied population in rural areas will decrease, the human potential will deteriorate; the proportion of the population older than able-bodied increased and reached 25.6% (versus 22.6%), that is there is a tendency of aging of the rural population. In 2020, the demographic load per 1,000 people of working age in urban areas was equal to 688 people of working age, and in rural areas – 795 people; at the same time, in the indicator of demographic load, the largest share is occupied in rural areas by people older than working age (57.9%). While maintaining the prevailing trends in the development of the demographic situation in rural area soft he Russian Federation The problems of rural population participation in the labor force and employment remain relevant.
The article presents a factor analysis of the development of the local labor market, taking into account the labor potential of rural pensioners. Issues are raised about the further development of personal subsidiary plots and the use of economic and mathematical tools to assess labor market tensions, take into account professional skills and the quality of jobs. The purpose of the study was to assess the labor potential of rural pensioners and determine their status in the labor market. The developed model for assessing the potential of rural pensioners allows us to predict the costs of physical labor, build a motivation system and justify new types of business (quail breeding).Based on published material and the results of expeditionary research, a portrait of the economic potential of retirees was compiled, and professional routes for continuing their work activity were proposed.
The article examines the dynamics and consequences of changes in the rural population in the regions of the Northwestern Federal District (NWFD). To analyze trends, groups of subjects of the Federation were identified: with positive dynamics of the rural population, with a relatively low level of its reduction and high rates of decline in the number of rural residents. The direction towards reducing the rural population, compared to 2002, in 7 regions of the Northwestern Federal District is shown. Based on materials from the All-Russian Population Censuses of 2010 and 2020, an assessment is made of the features of intraregional differentiation in the Kaliningrad and Leningrad regions, as the only territories in the North-West with an increase in the rural population over this period. It is noted that the increase in the rural population is typical for only 8 out of 19 districts (42%) in the Kaliningrad region and 7 municipal districts out of 17 (41%) in the Leningrad region. Based on data for 2018-2022, the average annual change in the rural population due to natural and migration growth was analyzed. It is concluded that with negative natural growth of the rural population, the change in its number was influenced by migration growth (decrease) and municipal-territorial transformations. This smoothes out emerging trends in these regions. At the same time, an analysis of the demographic load parameters showed an excess of the all-Russian indicator for the proportion of people over working age in rural areas in 6 regions of the North-West.
The study presents an analysis of global experience in the development of the market of organic products. The main legal acts regulating the production and sale of organic products in the United States, the European Union, Asia and the Eurasian Economic Union are considered, the features of certification and labeling are indicated. Measures of state support for producers of organic products have a direct impact on the level of development of the organic market. The limitations that constrain the development of the market for organic products in Russia are presented.
The article is devoted to the problem of ensuring food security in the world in conditions of geopolitical tension. The article identifies the main problems of ensuring global food security, such as: population growth and poverty, deepening socio-economic in equality, economic challenges in the development of the agro-industrial complex, depletion of agricultural land, natural disasters (floods, drought, etc.), etc. Noted Overall, since 2019, the number of undernourished people in the world has increased from 135 to 345 million, and 50 million people from 45 countries are on the verge of hunger. In 2022, the proportion of the world's population suffering from chronic hunger was about 9.2%, up from 7.9% in 2019. In conclusion, it is concluded that to solve these problems, an integrated approach is required, based on a combination of sustainable agricultural practices, efforts to reduce poverty, mitigate the effects of climate change and international cooperation, etc.
The article substantiates the need to use innovative approaches in the strategic management of agricultural production. A list of areas of changes implemented within the framework of strategic management of agriculture is shown, aimed at maintaining the growth rate of own working capital, increasing sales revenue, optimizing the production process, increasing labor productivity through intensification, and developing an information system. It has been revealed that the strategic development of agricultural producers should be based on the principle of realizing existing reserves for increasing agricultural production. It is substantiated that agricultural producers in the Tambov region have real reserves for increasing the efficiency of agricultural production, the opening of which can help strengthen the economic position of the farm in the market niche it occupies and the financial and economic stability of agricultural organizations in general. Achieving the goals set for the innovative development of agricultural enterprises in the Tambov region should be aimed at introducing precision farming technologies and combined with the introduction of biologized farming approaches. However, this will be possible to implement only if personnel are trained in new technologies.
The article discusses the main issues of the system of state regulation of agriculture and its individual directions. New types of state support for the agricultural industry were noted, such as a special investment contract, the creation and development of agrobiotechnoparks. An analysis of the production of products by farmers in the regions of the Ural Federal District was carried out, as well as the volume of subsidies to the regions within the framework of individual government programs. In 2022, the largest share of financing in the Ural region was occupied by compensatory subsidies. In this study, using the example of the Kurgan region, an introduction is proposed and the coefficient of efficiency in the use of budgetary support funds for farmers is calculated. In general, over the three years of implementation of the State program, the volume of gross output of the Trans-Ural region increased by 84.5%, and the efficiency ratio of using public funds to support the agro-industrial complex increased more than 2 times. However, in certain areas of state regulation of the agro-industrial complex, there is an unstable, dynamics of this criterion (the indicator takes the highest value within the framework of the direction of integrated development of rural areas). The importance of using modern instruments of state support for the agricultural industry, such as digitalization of the agro-industrial complex, is noted and the currently existing reasons for the imperfection of the application of this area of state regulation of agriculture are identified.
Overcoming technological dependence on imports in the agro-industrial complex is one of the priority conditions for ensuring national security and economic development of Russia. In the context of the deepening industrialization process, an innovative structural transformation is taking place, accompanied by a significant interregional differentiation of technological development. As a result, the task of developing regional strategies for innovation-oriented development is being updated in order to achieve economic growth and technological independence, taking into account the needs for innovation in the regional and sectoral sectors. According to the results of step-by-step regression analysis, it was revealed that the largest impact on gross agricultural output is exerted by the scientific support indicator and the innovation activity indicator. Calculations carried out using the hierarchical cluster analysis method made it possible to identify groups of regions with different conditions of scientific support and innovative activity, combined into five clusters. The first cluster included 25 regions, in the second - 6, in the third - 26, in the fourth-2, in the fifth - 14.
To ensure food security of the state and region, for the balanced conduct of all agricultural production, it is necessary to use the entire available potential of the working population, to make maximum use of land resources and available agricultural machinery. To achieve this, all forms of agricultural production must be used - these include agricultural holdings, agricultural organizations, peasant farms, and households. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the directions of interaction between peasant farms and other small forms of farming with large structures of agricultural business, trade, taking into account their share in production volumes, in the amount of cultivated arable land, in the available livestock of cattle, cows, pigs, etc. The research was conducted using economic and statistical methods and techniques. The definition of agribusiness and the vision of this category in modern conditions of agricultural production, using digital technologies, are presented. The following indicators characterizing the participation of small forms of management in agricultural production were analyzed: area of arable land, area of grain and leguminous crops, potatoes, productivity, number of cattle, cows, pigs, animal productivity, availability of tractors, grain and forage harvesters, volumes of agricultural production. An analysis was made of the dynamics of changes in the presented indicators. To increase the efficiency of agricultural production on peasant farms, the creation of an agricultural consumer cooperative to carry out agricultural work on peasant farms is proposed and justified, using the example of a machine-technological station (MTS). The rationale for the composition of the machine and tractor fleet for performing the entire process of work using energy-saturated tractors and wide-cut agricultural machines and the economic efficiency of the work of this fleet in comparison with the fleet of machines available to farmers is presented. The main directions of interaction between peasant farms and other small forms of management with large structures of agribusiness and trade and government authorities are outlined. For the full implementation of organizational and economic interaction, small forms of business must be provided with state support.
The article considers approaches to the formation and evaluation of the investment attractiveness of the agro-industrial complex. The author's approach to the problem is based on foresight technology. The circle of environmental impact on the defining parameters of the range of investment attractiveness of the agricultural sector of the economy is analyzed and clarified. It is noted that the inflow of investments to a greater extent falls on large agricultural holdings. The most frequently encountered risks arising in the investment process are identified. Based on the theoretical review, it was found that a major disadvantage is the underestimation of the fundamental evaluation indicators. The role and importance of methods for assessing the return on investment is determined. The approaches that are most acceptable in this area are noted. The mechanism of regulation of the investment attractiveness of the agro-industrial complex is presented. The features of the study of the effectiveness of socio-economic development of the agricultural sector of the economy through providing and constructive fu are determined