The article presents certain aspects of the development of quail farming in Russia, in particular, related to the increase in the production of meat and quail eggs through improving the diet. The quail of the White Texas Quail breed shows the feasibility of using the Chlorella vulgaris microalgae as a feed additive, which contains a sufficient amount of protein, carbohydrates, fats, mineral salts, trace elements that are essential for the functioning of living organisms. The ecological potential of quail cultivation in the farm using the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris was estimated according to a number of indicators: the volume of Chlorella vulgaris used, the weight gain of the quail when using live feed additives, the percentage of the quail removed per 100 heads, and the safety of the bird in the first two weeks of life. Economic results (increased production profitability by 7‰) obtained during the study confirm the effectiveness of using Chlorella vulgaris as a feed additive.
The article discusses the methods applied to innovative development of AIC sub-sectors at the regional level. The development of conceptual approaches for innovative development of sub-sectors of crop production is an effective tool in the formation of policies aimed at increasing the volume of production and competitiveness of the sub-sectors under consideration. The existing methodological approaches in assessing the innovative development of the country, region and sub-sectors involve the definition of consolidated and integral indicators and differ by the complexity of the assessment, the availability for calculations of selected indicators, their list, and the degree of subjectivity of the approach. The practical application of diffusion theory in the study of innovative possibilities and territorial evaluation of the spread of innovations is shown in the example of beet sugar sub-complex.
The development of the beekeeping industry in many regions of Russia has an amorphous character, passing into procrastination on the part of the Executive authorities and the business community. In the scientific environment, the study of problems of bee management, presented by rare publications. With the aim of resolving theoretical and practical problems of increase of efficiency of development of the sector of beekeeping in the conditions of toughening competition, the analysis of the current economic state of the industry, and factors affecting the dynamics of its development in the regions of Central Federal district of the Russian Federation. Some branch features of beekeeping functioning, organizational and economic mechanisms of interaction of agricultural producers and other market participants, legal and information support of economic entities, development of social and production infrastructure of the industry in the regions of the Central Federal district are described.
The volume of agrochemical work in crop production in the Russian Federation has steadily decreased since 1990. The reasons were: lack of state support, painful number of transformations, including in the economy. Since 2013, there has been a gradual increase in fertilizer inputs, cultivated land and pesticide applications. The situation in agricultural markets, the development and implementation of the "State Programme for the Development of Agriculture and Regulation of Agricultural Markets for 2013-2020 Years," 47‰ increased the application of mineral fertilizers to 1 hectare of crops, and the use of chemical plant protection increased by 52.5‰. The volume of application of organic fertilizers and the use of biological preparations in plant protection remains extremely low.
Improved methodological solutions for the phased development in agricultural production of the best available technologies (BAT) are proposed. They determine the use of innovative design and target management tools. In the context of the implementation of the project approach, the introduction of BAT is based on determinants - factors that operate within the specified boundaries of the target indicators. They are indicators that characterize BAT in terms of production and economic parameters. The deviation of actually achieved indicators from indicative values is modeled to assess structural and technological shifts and adapt business.
The aim of the study is to identify the positive spatial effects of confirming the dependence of milk consumption and dairy products, taken into account in a single region, on the share of the rural population in the nearby region. The data of Rosstat by regions of the Central Federal District from 2012 to 2016 were used. On the basis of the construction of spatial econometric models, the influence on the consumption of milk and dairy products of the share of the rural population in the nearby region, as well as the average monthly nominal accrued wages of employees of organizations was established. Spatial effects are identified by calculating local and global spatial indices using a matrix of inverse distances.
From the perspective of the balanced development management, it is proposed to distinguish three types of agro-food systems (AFS): systems of the national, regional level, and the level of integrated formations. Assessing the balance of agro-food systems of various levels should reflect their ability to achieve strategic development goals. The AFS of the country is the key element of the national food supply system, guaranteeing the achievement of balances of certain food types through their own production and the rational export-import policy. The key indicators reflecting the level of balance of the national AFS are proposed to include the level of food security of the country by key types of food resources and the consumption level of the basic food products. The AFSs of the regional level are designed to solve the problems of optimal distribution of agricultural production and food products, aimed at maximizing the use of the agricultural potential of certain territories and minimizing logistics costs and socially necessary costs associated with ensuring the economic and physical availability of food. The key criterion for assessing the balance of regional APS is the level of economic and physical availability of the main food types for the population of the region; and for the regional agro-food complex as its key element it is the level of efficient use of resources of economic entities that implement the functions of agricultural production and processing. It is proposed to use the following as the indicators of the balance of agro-industrial formations: the load level for the production capacities of the processing enterprises; the use of the agrarian potential of agricultural producers; the correspondence of the capabilities of infrastructure to the needs of various parts of technological chains; the correspondence of the financial capabilities of an integrated formation to its ability to ensure sustainable reproduction of all elements of the agro-food system.
In today’s global crisis, the development of agriculture, which is the food base, is becoming increasingly urgent. In order to increase the profitability of the industry, effective management is necessary, which should be based on diagnostics of the development of territorial entities. Whole studies are to carry out diagnostics of agricultural development of territorial entities of the region. The object of the study is agriculture in the municipalities of the Republic of Bashkortostan, which is one of the leading in the Russian Federation. Division of municipal educations according to the level of development into 25 groups on the basis of group on the volume of the made products and growth rates (depressive territories, territories of rapid degradation, the territory of effective development, growth point, etc.) is offered. On the basis of division of municipal units into groups the corresponding cartographic profiles of the republic were constructed. The composition of the groups of territorial entities by the level of agricultural production and the rate of growth of production do not coincide. The largest number of municipalities has average growth rates and are territories seeking to emerge from depression, which in times of crisis is not the worst development scenario.
This article deals with the use of optimization logistics techniques to solve existing problems in farm distribution systems, such as high production costs, including logistics costs; barriers to market entry by large network companies; a large share of revenues from the sale of agricultural products in the sphere of intermediaries, who carry out services on packaging, delivery, storage, processing; the high share of agricultural imports; low use of information technology; low usage of marketing tools; outdated material and technical base, etc. As optimization methods for partial solution of voiced problems are proposed: formation of integrated cluster structures; further implementation of the departmental target programme "On the development of agricultural cooperation for the period up to 2030"; restriction of import of agricultural products of foreign production; establishment of logistics distribution centres; introduction of modern information and logistics technologies; complete or partial mechanization of the production process; selling farmers 'products in agricultural markets; development of cooperation between agricultural producers; outsourcing - use of third-party operator services. The use of these optimization methods will allow building a modern system of operational management of agricultural products marketing, significantly reduce the cost of produced products and increase their competitiveness in the market.
The development of industrial and consumer cooperation has now become one of the priority areas of modern agricultural policy. According to the results of 2018-2019 the Republic of Bashkortostan is the leader among the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in terms of growth in agricultural consumer cooperatives. However, cooperation is developing mainly only in traditional agricultural sectors: dairy and beef cattle breeding, grain growing. It has not yet been properly developed in the field of agricultural processing and in a number of other sectors of the rural economy. In the framework of this article, the need for the development of cooperation in the field of ethnic entrepreneurship as one of the promising areas of diversification of the economy of the modern village and increase employment of rural residents is updated. Promising forms of ethnic business and ethno clusters are applied to specific areas of Bashkortostan. As a result of the study, the feasibility of adjusting federal, regional and municipal programs for the development of rural territories, small and medium-sized businesses, agricultural production and consumer cooperation and the inclusion of proposals for diversifying the rural economy, developing ethnic entrepreneurship and ethnic cooperation, promoting ethnic brands to the All-Russian and international markets.