Rural workers provide food for the country's population and agricultural raw materials for industry, and produce products for export. The work of agricultural workers must be well organized and properly paid. However, working conditions in rural areas do not fully meet the tasks set for agriculture. The purpose of the study is to determine the characteristics of existing working conditions in rural areas. The article defines the need to create favourable working conditions in rural localities. The employee wage satisfaction was behavioural analysed. Satisfaction with the amount of wages of urban residents is higher than that of rural residents. A significant part of rural residents assess their living conditions as difficult and very difficult. More than 1/3 of rural residents consider their working conditions dangerous and dangerous enough. The assessment of working conditions of rural residents depends on the size of the rural locality. Features of assessment of working conditions in small rural localities and in large villages are defined. The most critical attitude in the assessment of working conditions among residents of rural localities numbering from 201 to 5000 people was revealed. It is concluded that there is a lower level of specialty availability for working citizens in rural areas compared to citizens.
In the message of the President of the Russian Federation, the highest national priority is called for saving and increasing the population. In this regard, the implementation of the State Program "Integrated Development of Rural Areas" should involve constant monitoring of demographic processes in rural areas, where demographic problems are especially urgent. The results of such monitoring can be used as an important indicator of program implementation. Based on the analysis of the existing regulatory and information base, the article defines the levels and objects of monitoring; a system of indicators has been developed for each object. The development of a system of indicators for monitoring rural settlements is implemented using the Municipalities indicators database or its summary for municipal regions and subjects of the Russian Federation. To assess the demographic processes in rural areas, it is reasonable to use the Rural Settlement Passport as an information base. The proposed system of indicators for monitoring of the demographic situation was tested by the analysis of demographic processes in rural settlements in 2 groups of districts of the Voronezh region for the period from 2013 to 2018. The features of the dynamics of the natural and mechanical movement of the population are established, evidence-based assumptions about the change in the population in the considered settlements are presented.
The article analyzes agricultural land use in the Primorsky Krai of Russia and in the Red Delta River of Vietnam. The dynamics of agricultural land changes in the area, as well as the scale of the area of agricultural crops in farms in all categories over a certain time period had been studied. The authors define and compare the indicators of gross yield and crop yields, as well as performance indicators characterizing the economic efficiency agricultural land use in the Primorsky Krai of Russia and in the Red River Delta of Vietnam; Priority areas for improving the economic efficiency agricultural land use in these regions were proposed. The economic efficiency of agro-industrial production in Primorsky Krai is analyzed.
Agriculture is not only significantly dependent on the native environment, but also actively affects it, and above all, the level of soil fertility. This determines the need to take into account the impact of agriculture on the parameters of soil fertility reproduction when evaluating the efficiency of land use. For this purpose, it seems appropriate to use a system of indicators of ecological and economic efficiency of land use. Currently, various methods are proposed for this purpose, which indicates that there are no generally accepted approaches to this issue. In accordance with this, we have carried out a certain systematization of methodological approaches to this issue. In our opinion, the quantitative measurement of the ecological and economic efficiency of land use in agriculture should be carried out by a system of indicators based on the use of cost and natural cost forms of indicators of land transfer and land intensity, taking into account the environmental impact. Environmental impact is defined as the total value of the indicators of environmental effect and environmental damage expressed in cost form. Ecological effect is formed as a result of extended reproduction of soil fertility, environmental damage - as a result of narrowed reproduction. The use of this system will allow an objective assessment of the ecological and economic efficiency of land use and at the same time ensure uniformity and compatibility of assessment by various agribusiness entities.
At present moment the national agrarian policy is directed to the achievement of import substitution in the food provision of the population and growth of agri food complex export potential of the country. For this perspective the active state support of the forming and functioning of integrated systems (IS) is carried out. At the same time social and economic efficiency of their activity remains without proper attention. The researchers note that the concentration of material-technical and land resources in large integrated structures of agri food complex has the negative influence on the carrying out of the agriculture multifunctional role. Conservation of rural way of life has the social value for the society; therefore the development of rural territories is urgent. Business structures are more socially responsible if they are formed by the representatives of local community. They know and observe the standards, rules and interests of the rural community, interact with local authorities in the issues of the development of rural territories. As a rule, business structures are regionally directed if they have long-term and lasting development perspectives. When forming interregional agro holding, the territories with high level of social and economic development can count on the mutually beneficial cooperation. Economically weak regions lose their tax base and work places due to the transfer of the manufacture.
A methodological approach to the substantiation of priority measures of state support for the technical support of agricultural organizations of grain production is proposed. The methodological approach is based on the actual level of technical equipment and the branch profitability of agricultural enterprises. The municipal regions of the region with a sufficient and insufficient level of technical support for agricultural organizations of the industry have been identified. Ranking of districts by private and general indices showed the first and last five places in the rating assessment of technical equipment. It is concluded that technical equipment is measured not only by quantitative indicators, but also by the qualitative characteristics of machines and units in terms of power and energy saturation, which can increase the average industry load of the machine and tractor fleet. Resource support for a technological breakthrough scenario requires widespread investment, however, in the face of limited public resources, a phased re-equipment of the technical base of the grain sub complex is recommended. A block model of implementation of state support measures in the regional grain sub-complex and a clarification mechanism for justification of priorities of state support of technical re-equipment of grain production have been built.
The article considers the main reasons preventing the renewal of machines and tractors in the Russian Federation for different categories of agricultural goods-producers. On the basis of the analysis carried out, it was concluded that the tractor park did not meet the modern requirements imposed on it by farmers. The tractor fleet is now obsolete both mentally and physically, resulting in the loss of part of the harvest due to the late execution of individual technological operations, the reduction of the quality and competitiveness of domestic agricultural products. The study concluded that domestic producers required State support. One of the ways to solve issues of technical and technological modernization of the tractor fleet can be the creation of multifunctional machine and technological stations in the regions, capable of providing agricultural producers with modern equipment and equipment, information and consulting support and highly qualified personnel.
The article is devoted to improving financing and lending to the agricultural sector of Russia. The current state and basic methods of financing and lending to domestic agricultural producers are examined, which has become particularly relevant in the context of existing sanctions, counter-sanctions and the instability of financial markets. The role and place of state and commercial structures in financing and lending to enterprises and organizations of the agro-industrial complex is determined. An analysis of the current financing mechanism revealed its main weaknesses. Suggestions are given for improving the existing mechanism for financing and lending to agricultural enterprises. The issues of financing and lending to medium and small agricultural producers are separately considered.
The Formation of human capital in rural areas of the Novosibirsk region largely depends on the socio-economic development of the region's municipal districts. These conditions lead to the reproduction of human capital in the agricultural sector and its further development. It follows that the assessment of the current state of social and living conditions is an important component in the development of state programs to consolidate the population in rural areas. Since the Novosibirsk region covers a significant territory, it is very appropriate to take into account the distance of municipal districts from the regional centre when developing new approaches, mechanisms and indicators. Depending on how profitable or unprofitable an agricultural organization is, it is necessary to differentiate the value of the share of state subsidies when purchasing finished housing or building a house for an employee. The training and consolidation of employees will require state funds in the amount of 16.58 billion roubles, of which 4512.5 million roubles are for subsidies of housing for employees, 3405.3 - for a one-time cash payment, 8228.6 - for subsidies of wages per year.
The article describes the main trends in the field of personnel performance evaluation, as well as systematizes innovative methods of employee evaluation. The authors present the available methods of innovative assessment and personnel and offer their own vision of solving this problem. They consider the types of complex assessment procedures and their scope of application. The authors suggest using methods based on mathematical analysis of the company's social networks, using game techniques, the competence method, and a number of others. The authors consider trends in approaches to personnel assessment, and present their vision and solution to this problem.