Modern agricultural policy is aimed at achieving food security in the production and consumption of vegetable products based on import substitution. The implementation of the State program for the development of agriculture and regulation of markets for agricultural products, raw materials and food contributed to a 10.7‰ reduction in vegetable imports. However, this problem has not been solved in the Russian Federation. The level of self-sufficiency in vegetables and melons is 87.2‰. In order to provide the population with sheep, we studied the trends in the development of open and closed ground vegetable growing, its location on the territory of the country and economic efficiency, which causes a low investment attractiveness of the industry. The article substantiates the main directions of increasing vegetable production and improving its profitability such as the rational distribution within the country, the concentration of vegetable production in specialized organizations and farms, innovative development, construction of greenhouses the fourth and fifth generations, the use of modern vegetable production technologies, the use of high-yielding promising varieties of vegetable crops, automation and complex mechanization of the most labour-intensive production processes, development of vertically integrated structures and the creation of cooperatives for the sale of vegetables, strengthening state support for innovation and investment activities of commodity producers.
The instability of the geopolitical situation, the slowdown in the growth rate of the Russian economy, the growing isolation of Russia lead to the need to accelerate import substitution, achieve self-sufficiency in our country in terms of food, and increase the efficiency of domestic agricultural production. First of all, the level of development of grain production is determined. It is the basis for creating a food fund, increasing the production of products in the livestock and processing industries, on the level of development of which the economic stability, security and independence of Russia largely depend. The current state of the industry, the impossibility of achieving strategic leadership in the world grain market through the inertial path of development of grain production is caused by imperfect economic relations, weakening of the resource base and a decrease in the level of intensification. Despite the fact that the Russian Federation has the necessary capabilities to meet the national economic and export needs for grain, improving the efficiency of agriculture as a whole is impossible without the innovative development of grain production.
In modern conditions, the importance of rural territories takes on new meanings associated with the pandemic (COVID-19) and the active implementation of state policy in the Arctic. The state policy in relation to the rest of the rural territories is implemented through the corresponding state program, the funding of which was substantially cut in 2019. The relevance of the study of improving the quality of life in rural areas and the development of rural human capital is due to the need to find solutions to break the degradation trend in the functioning of rural areas. Today it is important to transform the state and public attitude towards the village, agricultural production from the standpoint of updating the beneficial properties of life in rural areas. This can be done in view of the digitalization of rural areas and the elimination of the digital divide between city and village. Broadband Internet access greatly removes the differences between urban and rural life. The purpose of this study is to analyze the status and quality of life and human capital in rural areas of Russia.
In rural areas of Russia since the mid-1990s. there is a degradation trend that has emerged, largely due to the refusal of state participation in the regulation of the industry. The state of engineering, communal infrastructure, capital funds of rural settlements is characterized by researchers as obsolete morally and physically. In such a situation, particular attention is required to the functioning and development of the social sphere of the village, with a change in approaches to considering its structure and highlighting the special role of its economic and technological mechanism. The relevance of the research topic is also determined by the adoption of a comprehensive program for the development of rural areas, involving the implementation of measures of an infrastructural nature, which requires the use of scientifically based decisions. The scientific novelty of the study is to clarify the concept of “the economic and technological mechanism of the functioning of the social sphere of the village”, to develop a conceptual model of the economic and technological mechanism of the functioning of the social sphere of the village and to formulate directions for its improvement.
The article contains an analysis of the state and development prospects of food export logistics in Russia. Today, when a regional specialization of food exports in the country has formed, its geographical directions and priorities have been determined, the task is to ensure the effective interconnection of production and logistics of export deliveries. To this end, Russia implements a set of measures to develop the national transport system and integrate it into international transport corridors. A network of transport and logistics centres is being created. Regular high-speed rail export routes are being formed. Measures are being taken to increase the volume of transhipment of seaports. As a result, long-term factors of competitiveness of the Russian food export are being created.
The development of the Russian agro-industrial complex directly depends on the functioning of the global agri-food market. In modern conditions, the basis for changing global agricultural markets is the introduction of new scientific and technological solutions at all stages of the agri-food chain. These innovations represent management, economic, social, technical and technological solutions - forming the FoodNet market. The technical and technological part forms the FoodTech market. The relevance of the research topic is determined by the need to expand the segment of domestic producers in the global FoodNet market, which is part of the national technological initiative. The purpose of the study is to structure and assess trends in the development of the global FoodNet market and prospects for expanding its Russian segment. The article presents the results of a study of trends in the global FoodNet market conducted by the authors in January-March 2020, based on expert assessment methods, PESTE analysis, and qualitative sociological research. The scientific novelty and practical significance of the study is determined by monitoring short-term, medium-term and long-term trends in the functioning of the global FoodNet market, their assessment and development of directions for improving the activities of Russian agricultural producers to increase their segment.
This article is about tax planning for small and medium-sized enterprises in the agricultural. Tax planning involves optimizing of taxes and insurance premiums for small and medium-sized enterprises in the agricultural sector. The use of instruments that minimize of mandatory payments is limited by applicable tax laws. The positive effect of the instruments must be considered with tax risks. Tax planning must be carried out before the registration of a business entity. Tax planning instruments should take into account the scope and types of activities, the region, as well as the development of the enterprises. The general taxation system provides for the payment of corporate income tax (the rate for agricultural producers is 0‰), value added tax, and corporate property tax. The use of special tax regimes involves the payment of a single tax, which replaces the payment of profit tax, value added tax, corporate property tax. Also, small and medium-sized businesses have the right to use reduced rates of insurance premiums. Tax instruments must also be applied the current economic situation. Subsidies, exemptions, deferment and instalment plan will allow the most affected small and medium-sized enterprises to channel funds to the development of their activities.
The article considers the sources of financing of agricultural producers, their assessment, relationship and impact on the development of the agricultural economy. The periodization of state support as the engine of agricultural production development is given, and the main measures of state support at the present stage are presented. Measures of State support had ensured not only the recovery of agricultural production from the crisis, but also its sustained growth. In the post-pandemic period, the cost of agri-food products is expected to increase due to the devaluation of the rouble and an increase in the cost of imports. In the post-pandemic period, it is necessary to strengthen state support and control over its targeting. Measures to optimize funding sources in the post-pandemic period are considered.
In the conditions of farming at a high level of efficiency, an important element of the competitiveness of economic activities of enterprises and organizations working in the agro-industrial segment of the economy is the energy consumption of agricultural production. It turns out that despite short-term fluctuations in the cost of resources necessary for the implementation of the activities of agro-industrial enterprises, it is necessary to influence internal ways to reduce the cost of production of goods, since external factors within one, even a large sphere of the economy, are quite problematic to influence. It should be recognized that a significant percentage of the cost of production of agricultural products is the cost of attracted energy resources, and that the vast majority of energy required for production of agricultural products is taken from non-renewable sources, such as oil, natural gas, coal, etc. Despite the emerging trend of falling quotations of these energy sources, it should be said that their cost will increase in the medium and long term, as the total number of them will decrease. Even now, despite the fact that the oil market is experiencing all the elements of stagnation and recession, it is obvious that the recovery of futures will follow and the price of raw materials will begin to grow, which will affect the efficiency of the entire economic system of the state and the agri-food segment, in particular. Based on the above, it can be stated that the use of innovations in the production and processing of agricultural products must be accompanied by a reduction in the energy intensity of the production process, otherwise there will be no positive economic effect from their introduction and use, both in the short and medium term.
The purpose of the research is to identify new digital scientific solutions in the production of safe and high quality (nutritional value) agricultural products in accordance with the new Russian food security Doctrine - "National interests in food security" and the implementation of the departmental project "Digital agriculture". The relevance of this research on national health care and addressing the environmental consequences of agricultural activities is indicated. The reasons for the loss of value of agricultural products are indicated. The parameters of evaluation of agricultural products and its legal framework are considered. The analysis of foreign experience in controlling the production of safe agricultural products is made. It is indicated that digital technologies and infrastructure for digitizing agricultural activities allow determining product safety. The digital transformation of agricultural activities allows you to track issues of agricultural product safety in real time, but the nutritional value of these products remains out of the field of attention of producers and consumers. Digital agriculture, first of all, needs to focus on solving issues of agricultural product safety, and in the second plan, to improve the efficiency of each production operation.