Agricultural holdings are horizontally and vertically integrated agricultural and agro-industrial organizations, consisting of many legal entities. The advantages of agroholdings include increasing competitiveness in the global market, creating full-cycle food chains, reducing product certification costs and lowering the threshold for entering large federal retail chains. Opportunities for the development of agricultural holdings are connected with the attraction of financial resources to agricultural production by the external participants of the holding, lobbying the interests of the agricultural holding at various levels, ensuring full utilization of production capacities for processing products within the agricultural holding, increasing the possibilities of attracting personnel. The weaknesses of agroholdings are low corporate transparency, which creates obstacles for attracting investment in foreign markets. It should be noted the negative aspects of the ethical perception of agroholdings, which may manifest at the external and external levels. Accumulation of cash flows in the administrative centre of the holding can help reduce support for remote rural areas. The main threat to the functioning of holding-type agroformations is the considerable territorial differentiation of individual units according to conditions and distance, which may contribute to a decrease in management efficiency. Often, the external integrator of the holding company may have a lack of competences in the field of agricultural production. There is a threat of a lack of a long-term development strategy or the predominance of short- and medium-term goals over long-term ones. The digital transformation of agriculture can help reduce threats, which can improve the efficiency of managing remote units, increase the level of transparency and confidence in agricultural holdings.
The article considers the problems of regional trends in agricultural robotics. The purpose of the study is to identify patterns of robotization of agriculture in the regions in relation to the dynamics of production in the industry, the share of agriculture in the structure of the economy and the specialization of the agricultural sector of the regions. The results of the study of the dynamics of the introduction of robots and the density of robotization of agriculture in the regions and federal districts are presented. According to the results of inquiries to the regional ministries of agriculture and agro-industrial complex, the number of used robotics was 435 units. At the same time, the density of robotics in agriculture in the Russian Federation reaches 0.75 robots per 10,000 workers, the greatest value of this indicator is observed in the Ural Federal District (2.16). The highest density of robotics by regions is observed in Kaluga (42.7) Ryazan (14.1) and Sverdlovsk (6.3) regions. There are several groups of regions in terms of the density of agricultural robotics and the dynamics of growth of agricultural production. In regions with a low share of agriculture in the structure of the economy, the highest values of the density of robotization of production are observed. Specific recommendations are given for the use of robotics in regions with a share of agriculture below 10‰, which can help increase the pace of agricultural production. Appropriate measures need to be developed to accelerate the introduction of robots into agricultural production to prevent technological backwardness of the industry.
Soil degradation is a serious agricultural issue. Salinization of agricultural lands is distinguished by specialists as a complex technological task. In the context of global economic and climatic transformations, the restoration of saline soil fertility can be seen as a response to the threat of hunger in parts of the world and a measure to ensure food security. The object of this study is the economic mechanisms in the field of restoration of soil fertility, complementing the current government policy. The subject of the study is the economic interaction of economic entities in the agricultural sector. The purpose of the study is to identify modern and promising tools for economic interaction of economic entities in the agricultural sector while restoring soil fertility. The scientific and practical novelty and significance of the presented research results consists in considering the mechanism for introducing saline degraded lands into agricultural circulation, based on the formation of a new market segment in the concept of “organic agriculture” and considering this type of production in the context of responding to challenges and threats.
Improving the energy efficiency of agricultural production is an urgent task, as it reduces the consumption of resources, the cost of agricultural products, and affects the competitiveness of agricultural production. The article considers measures to improve the energy efficiency of agricultural production. The cost analysis showed that the share of electricity costs in agricultural organizations is 2.1‰. In animal husbandry the cost of electricity from the present is 2.4 per cent. These costs increased 1.09 times in 2018. In the structure of the retail price of food products, the largest share of fuel and energy resources in bread and bakery products is 3-4‰, in sugar from sugar beet-4.91‰. Energy efficiency in agribusiness sectors can be improved by reducing fuel and energy consumption per unit of output and improving the structure of the energy process and production. One of the areas of increasing energy efficiency is the integrated use of renewable energy sources. The scheme of an integrated complex for the production of agricultural products with a solar salt pond, which can provide energy for the summer production activities of small settlements, is presented.
For the planning of needs, the availability of agricultural machinery, the economic analysis of the use of machinery, for the formation of efficient parks of agricultural machinery in agricultural production, and to some extent for the guidelines for the production of agricultural machinery, conversion factors of agricultural machinery into reference units are needed. The aim of the study is to analyze the conversion factors of tractors, grain and forage harvesters into reference units during the years of changing standards (1987; 2003; 2012). The studies were conducted using economic and statistical methods and techniques. The concept of a “reference unit”, a “reference” tractor, a “reference” grain and forage harvester is presented. The coefficients of conversion of tractors, grain and forage harvesters into reference units and the influence of these coefficients on indicators of productivity, energy saturation of production, workload, availability of arable land (crops), efficiency, are analyzed. The analysis of the main parameters that determine the value of the conversion coefficient for tractors, grain and forage harvesters is made. A methodology for calculating conversion factors into reference units is proposed and a conclusion is made that the proposed methodology does not contradict the “Methodology for using conventional conversion factors for tractors, grain and forage harvesters into reference units in determining their requirements”, approved by the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia.
This article is the final in the study entitled "Development of conditional factors and requirements standards for methods of use of conventional conversion factors tractors, grain and forage harvesters in the reference unit in determining the standards to their needs" proposed by the Ministry of agriculture of the Russian Federation higher educational institutions subordinate to the Ministry of agriculture. In the process of implementing this study addressed issues related to the history of the development of standards needs and contingent factors; the presence in the agricultural machinery; condition of agricultural machinery and agricultural machinery; the state support of agricultural production and agricultural machinery in Russia and abroad; the analysis of conditional coefficients for the transfer of agricultural machinery in the reference units, standards of requirements, comparative analysis of the effectiveness of Park of agricultural machinery, formed according to the standards of different years. The purpose of this study is to summarize the overall results and prepare recommendations for the calculation, application and use of conditional coefficients and standards of demand in the formation of agricultural machinery fleets in agricultural organizations of various forms of ownership, different financial status and different production volumes. The research was conducted using economic and statistical methods and techniques.
Agricultural enterprises at the present stage of operation require increased attention on issues of internal audit of the main directions of development of the agricultural business. The functioning of enterprises without competent control (audit) of business processes and reliable consecration of committed business operations, the current economic situation - inhibit the level of business development. In modern times, research in internal audit, as it seems to us, should prevail over other studies, since this involves a set of measures, systems, tools and methods for assessing business transactions for reliability, practicality and validity. The subject of the research is the theoretical issues of developing the concept of introducing internal audit in agricultural enterprises. The purpose and objective of the study is the introduction of methodological approaches of internal audit in agricultural enterprises, which allows you to objectively evaluate both production efficiency and the legality and timeliness of business operations. It is concluded that the proposed model of internal audit will allow us to correctly evaluate information about all ongoing biotransformation and economic processes, which in turn contributes to the competent adoption of managerial decisions.
The article presents an analysis of the forms of state regulation, organizational and legal impacts on solving the problems of financial recovery of agricultural organizations, provides an overview of the situation associated with the coronavirus pandemic, assesses existing approaches to implementing a mechanism to improve their financial condition, and the need to change them in the post-pandemic period. It is indicated that the legislator has been cautious for many years in applying procedures to insolvent agricultural organizations, firstly, due to the lack of such a practice of financial recovery, and secondly, because of the difficulty in introducing an integrated approach to regulating agricultural relations, eliminating debt problems of agricultural producers. In the context of the coronavirus pandemic, it became necessary to make emergency decisions that had never been applied before and were caused by crisis phenomena of a special nature in all areas of the economy. Such a precedent in human history has not been previously observed. Considerable time will be required to review previous approaches to the structural crisis before changing the principles of achieving food security in the country.
Modern Russian system of stimulation and motivation of labour is in process of formation and development. In conditions of stabilization of labour market, workers began to choose employers not only in terms of remuneration, but also opportunities for development, advanced training, and social status. The following study focuses on world experience in this area. Recommendations are offered on determining the structure of labour motivation of employees on the example of a survey conducted at Reftinskaya Poultry Farm OJSC, the main factor influencing labour motivation at a particular enterprise is highlighted. The main goal of the process of labour stimulation and the impact on labour motivation is to reduce staff turnover, increase labour productivity, increase interest in labour at a particular enterprise through meeting the needs of the employee. At the final stage of the study, a certain structure of motivation was established in the enterprise under study. As the study showed, this structure leads to low motivation of labour in a particular enterprise. To change labour motivation, it is necessary to change the system of labour stimulation.
The article discusses some factors affecting the reproduction of labour resources by the example of the Sverdlovsk region. Over the past decades, there has been a decrease in the number of both the economic population and the labour resources of rural areas. The problem is likely to be compounded by the fact that there is a mismatch between the supply and demand of the labour market in agricultural professions. So, a villager can earn more by moving to the city, the young specialist will also try to stay in the city, and will not go to his small homeland. The relevance of studying the level of wages is associated not only with a decrease in the level of attractiveness of the industry, but also because of the increase in costs incurred by employers, and as a result has a negative impact on the level of profit of agricultural producers. Based on the micro data of a sample study of the labour force of the Sverdlovsk region, the level of wages for some agricultural professions (fragment) is estimated, as well as the level of demand for them.