The authors consider the issues of determining the specialization of the Siberia regions for the main strategic agricultural product - grain crops. The specialization of the main grain-producing territories in the Altai and Krasnoyarsk Territory, Omsk and Novosibirsk Regions is growing. Due to the improvement of climatic conditions of higher quality, grain will be produced in the Altai Territory; this will contribute to the further development of processing industries and the expansion of the region’s export capabilities. Import of food and feed grain will prevail in the Republic of Altai, Tuva, Khakassia, Irkutsk, Kemerovo, Tomsk Regions. Analysis of the current state of the agri-food and grain market in Siberia identifies the main problem areas: development of storage infrastructure, deep processing, expansion of sales markets. The average annual grain production in 2035 will amount to 20.0-22.0 million tons, of which 1,830 thousand tons for food, 1978 for seeds, 10,545 for feed, and 215 thousand tons for technical purposes.
An urgent problem in recent years is the desolation of sparsely populated territories in Russia. The development of small rural settlements is an important task to preserve the integrity of the country. The strategy of socio-economic development of small villages should include state support for employment of rural residents and the formation of favorable social and living conditions. The article explores the possibilities of grant support for residents of small villages. The purpose of the study is to find factors that increase the effectiveness of grant support for small villages. The parsed rules for the receipt and use of grants to support farming under the state program of development of agriculture and regulation of markets of agricultural products, raw materials and food (grant to support novice fair measure; grant family farms; grant for the development of material-technical base of agricultural consumer cooperative), and the grant for the development of farming - "Agrostat". Examples of successful participation of small villages of Russia in competitions for grants in the field of culture, improvement of social and living conditions of residents of small villages, in the competition for grants of the President of the Russian Federation for the development of civil society are given. The rules for taxation of grant income under different tax systems are shown. Factors of information availability and ease of forming grant applications in the Republic of Khakassia are investigated. A proposal was made to create an Internet resource that reveals all the possibilities of grant support for small villages.The article concludes that there is a need for a comprehensive approach to the development of a grant system for small villages, which includes both ensuring employment and normal social and cultural living conditions
Rural territories play a significant role in preserving and improving the social, economic and demographic well-being of the State. The decline in the economic role of rural areas amid the degradation of agricultural production, the weak diversification of the rural economy and rural employment, accompanied by the accelerated "compression" of social infrastructure, ultimately led to the socio-demographic decline of the Russian village. The traditional replenishment of the total population of the Russian Federation due to the natural growth of the rural population has ceased. The restoration of rural and rural livelihoods is based on raising rural incomes by creating effective employment. The article sets out the goal of developing and substantiating a set of proposals to increase the incomes of the rural population of mountain territories on the example of the rural region of the Republic of Buryatia. The main methodological tool is the compilation and analysis of territorial balances, including financial ones. A balance-sheet approach is useful for spatially closed and remote areas, which include mountainous areas. As a result of the studies, an assessment of the structure of the territory's financial resources was obtained, measures were proposed to increase the incomes of the rural population of the mountainous region, and the risks of developing mountainous territories were formulated.
Priority measures are proposed to improve the organizational and economic mechanism for the development of Russian grain exports, focused on creating the most effective model of its functioning, taking into account national interests, guaranteeing an optimal balance between internal and external grain flows. She should be based on the implementation of the state export policy, which provides for the effective use of internal opportunities for the maximum increase in export grain resources, a rationally built system of market relations and state support, elimination of bottlenecks in the process of moving commercial grain from a domestic producer to its foreign consumer.
At the end of March in 2020 the outflow of sunflower and soybeans from Russia, like from other member countries of Eurasian Economic Union, was banned with the aim of saving of the food safety. Oil-bearing plants are a top ten high-demand abroad positions of Russian grain export. In the article the necessity of export potential maintenance of sunflower and soybeans of Russian production is substantiated according to the theory of comparative advantages of the international trade. In comparing with the USA agrarian sector of Russian economy has comparative advantage in production of sunflower. Cultivation of soybeans could be profitable for both sides, depends of current market conditions. Moreover, author of the article adduces next practical arguments in favor of oil-bearing plants: firstly, the highest level of profitability of sunflower cultivation in Russia; secondly, active expansion of non genetically modified native soybeans; thirdly, the possibility of diversification for grain export from Russia by future widening of sunflower, soybeans and their products of processing export. Increasing of sunflower oil and soy protein isolate export, in its turn, is presented in the article like a possible measure for saving of export potential of oil-bearing plants in common.
The article considers the main global trends in maize production - a culture of high productivity and versatile use. In the course of the study for the period 1961-2018. the following trends were identified: an increase in maize production, based on the need for food for the growing population of the world, and demand for agricultural raw materials from industry; increased production of maize grains by more than 5 times due to intensification of the trawl; increasing maize production in Asia; increased export-import operations with corn grain. The increase in maize grain losses requires the development and implementation of a set of measures to increase the efficiency of the transport and logistics system for foreign trade and domestic grain transportation.
The current state of economic relations is increasingly dependent on the effectiveness of adaptation mechanisms of business entities to rapidly changing environmental conditions. Moreover, such changes are characterized by both negative impact and positive. Of particular importance is the quality of adaptation in the agricultural sector, which must be understood in the context of the unity of agricultural production and the functioning of rural areas. Consideration of the agrarian sphere from such positions allows us to determine the relevance of the research topic not only through challenges and threats, but also through the dynamics of the agricultural sector. An important aspect of the relevance of the research topic is the need to change the paradigm of management, production in the agricultural sector, which is associated with a number of structural changes in the social environment and the functioning of rural areas. The problem that this study is aimed at solving is the growing gap between the level of economic and technological development of the agricultural sector and the level of readiness of the rural population to accept the dynamic development of the agricultural sector and the digitalization of public relations. The hypothesis of the study is the assertion that the contradictions caused by the gap between the level of economic and technological development of the agricultural sector and the level of readiness of the rural population to accept the dynamic development of the agricultural sector and the digitalization of public relations are mitigated and leveled by improving the organizational and economic mechanism of adaptation of the rural population. Moreover, the rural population includes, as a rule, people associated with agricultural production. Objective: to determine the organizational and economic mechanisms of adaptation of the rural population in the context of the transition of the agro-industrial complex to dynamic development.
The agricultural sector of the economy at the present stage of development of economic relations and mechanisms of economic interaction has a dual character. On the one hand, it is the most important sphere of the national economy, in view of the satisfaction of the population with food, and on the other, the deeply dated sphere of the economy of the over whelming majority of states. This situation requires a search for ways to increase the productivity of the functioning of economic entities of the agro-industrial complex and increase the potential for the development of the industry. In view of the implemented state policy, including the application of project management and the intensification of the digitalization process, it became necessary to consider the agrarian sector of the economy from the perspective of a project-digital approach. The purpose of the study: to characterize the agricultural sector of the economy from the perspective of the design-digital approach. Small entrepreneurs are the main consumers of the project approach in the agricultural sector, not only as producers of agricultural products, but also as the basis of the local community. The combination of design and digital approaches forms the potential for the technical and technological development of the agro-industrial complex.
the article considers the issues of state presence in the economy, analyzes the features of state policy during the period of crisis changes, economic sanctions, the implementation of breakthrough development plans and national projects. The work through the historical prism of the evolution of economic theories presents the views of leading economists on the importance of the public sector to increase economic growth. The problem that this study aims to solve is the contradiction of the provisions of economic theory on the role of the public sector and the modern practice of its functioning in the context of a paradigm shift in the functioning of the global economy. The purpose of the study is to determine the direction of improvement of the public sector of the economy. Partnerships between state bodies and representatives, the entrepreneurial community form the state of today's society. Consequently, the stage of interaction between power and corporate systems is considered one of the basic indicators of the state of development of society as a whole.
The relevance of the study of the functioning of personal subsidiary plots at the present stage of development of social and economic relations in the agricultural sector of the national economy is determined by the content of state policy with a dual purpose. On the one hand, it is providing the population with physically and economically affordable quality food, on the other hand, orienting agricultural producers to increase exports. The purpose of the study is to analyze the effectiveness of the functioning of private farms in the structure of the economy of agricultural production. The scientific novelty of the study consists of provisions related to: the results of a sociological study of the level of profitability and cost structure of personal subsidiary farms of the crop and livestock types; analysis of the profitability of the functioning of private farms; proposals to improve activities and increase the level of efficiency of the functioning of private farms. The directions of increasing the efficiency of the private sector are proposed: the development of cooperative relations of the private sector with existing forms of cooperative cooperation; stimulating the use of small mechanization in personal subsidiary economy; digitalization of production, economy and management of private goods and their associations.