The transition to an innovative management model is one of the key guidelines for the development of agriculture. Using the achievements of scientific and technological progress in the activities of agricultural producers will increase the competitiveness of domestic agricultural products, improve the welfare of rural residents and meet the food needs of the population. The structure-forming component of the innovation system is the state innovation policy, which is reflected in a set of legislative, subordinate and regulatory documents at various levels. The results of legislative activity determine the strategic directions of innovative development, the goals and tasks facing the subjects of agriculture, and the principles of their achievement. Issues of formation of Federal, regional and local legislative acts are particularly relevant in the context of the continuing trend of slow growth in investment in innovative developments, low solvency of agricultural producers and a weak degree of integration of research, education and production areas of agriculture. In the main part of the article, the list of current laws and state programs in the field of innovative development of the agricultural sector will be reviewed, their main provisions will be characterized, and the actual results of their implementation compared to the planned ones will be analyzed. In the final part, proposals will be formulated to improve the legal framework in order to increase the efficiency of the elements of the organizational and economic mechanism of the functioning of the innovative system of the agricultural sector.
Activation of the investment process in agro-industrial production is the most important task of the modern stage of economic development. The investment process, as an integral part of social reproduction, is aimed at ensuring the replacement of constantly worn out means of production and creating opportunities for increasing capital and expanding economic activity. It is noted that in the conditions of a shortage of own investment resources in the agricultural sector and limited possibilities of state support funds, one of the key areas is the development of effective economic mechanisms to stimulate the attraction of domestic and foreign private capital in agricultural production. It seems promising to create domestic investment funds in the agricultural sector, as well as attract funds from existing funds of the largest corporations in Russia to invest in high-tech investment projects aimed at developing agricultural production and increasing the competitiveness of its business entities. Moreover, it is important to harmonize the economic interests of all participants in the investment process, ensure legal stability and legislative protection of the interests of private investors, which will contribute to the formation of a favourable investment climate for business entities.
The article deals with the problems of the investment process and the organizational and economic mechanism of its implementation in the agro-industrial complex of Russia. The article analyzes the main measures of state regulation and regulatory aspects of investment activity development and stimulation of long-term capital inflow into the agro-industrial sphere of Russia. It is proposed to activate measures of state influence not only on the main investment processes of the agro-industrial complex, but also on: a significant increase in wages as an incentive for rural economic entities to invest in labour-saving technologies; improvement of the insurance and pension system as one of the sources of long-term resources; transformation of the tax system, which focuses on the accelerated removal from production of morally, and even more physically, obsolete fixed assets.
In the agro-industrial complex, there is a decrease in both the volume of state support in General and the financing of investments in fixed assets. At the same time, real investments, which are the basis for their production activities, are crucial for agricultural producers. To date, the state is implementing a number of measures to support technical and technological modernization and investment activities in the agro-industrial complex. In this regard, the analysis of ongoing investment projects is performed on the example of the Krasnoyarsk territory, as well as an indicator for evaluating state participation in their financing is proposed.
The reasons for the payment crisis in Russia in the early 90s of the XX century are named. The composition of the organizations' debt has been determined. A comparison of overdue receivables and payables of agar enterprises and the economy as a whole was made. The peculiarity of buyers 'debt and suppliers' debt is defined. The share of organizations that have overdue debts to customers and overdue debts to suppliers is considered. There is a great discipline of agar enterprises in fulfilling their obligations for payments to the budget and contributions to state extra-budgetary funds. Conclusions are drawn about the presence of a greater share of overdue debt in agricultural enterprises on received Bank loans and loans in comparison with enterprises of other industries. The condition for improving the payment discipline of agar enterprises is named.
On the basis of the Development strategy of agro-industrial complex of Sverdlovsk region main objectives of the state support of agriculture are defined, alternative approach to distribution of budgetary funds is offered and adaptation to the existing mechanism of placement of the state support between agricultural producers is carried out it. A higher level of state support can be provided due to extensive growth (increase in sown areas, livestock), with a relatively constant level of business cost, or due to an increase in the internal efficiency of the enterprise (intensification of production, optimization of economic chains, etc.), causing an increase in business cost. Implementation of the proposed cost-based budget support allocation mechanism will reallocate existing flows to efficient business.
The Russian Federation had great potential for growth in agricultural production. One of the factors affecting the intensification of the agricultural sector of the economy is the advanced development of personnel potential. The importance of the country's food security tasks requires fundamental agro-oriented training of production and management specialists in the agro-industrial complex, capable of independently solving difficult interdisciplinary tasks in conditions of high uncertainty and risks. Normative documents determine the need to closely link the content of the main educational programs to the requirements of professional standards for the knowledge, skills and skills of specialists. It is planned to develop a professional standard "Specialist in organization and management in agriculture." The article describes the range of issues that such a specialist must solve, the area of knowledge which necessary for his successful activity. Generalized labour functions, labour functions, requirements for knowledge, skills and skills defined by the professional standard can become the basis for the formation of professional competencies of the new area of training of the specialist "35.ХХ.ХХ Organization and Management in Agriculture."
The need to engage in livestock production requires the involvement of additional labour resources in dairy cattle breeding. The urgent problem is the formation of labour resources in the context of the application of digital technologies, including production robotics. The main hypothesis of the study is that the robotization of dairy cattle breeding will lead to a significant change in labour requirements. The purpose of the study is to study the effects of agricultural robotization on the gender, age composition of workers and their level of education. As the main research method, questionnaires for workers of robotic farms were used, as a control group were workers of traditional farms of the same agricultural organization. In conditions of robotics, machine milking operators are replaced by operators of robotic milking, instead of cattle; they are equipped with robotic service technicians. An analysis of sex-based jobs on robotic farms shows that a significant proportion of the employed are men (76.5‰), while the proportion of women is only 23.5‰. At the same time, on farms without robotics, the proportion of women is 54.8‰, and men 45.2‰, respectively. On farms with robotics, 52.9‰ of them have higher education, while on farms without the use of robotics, 64.5‰ of workers have secondary specialized education, and 35.5‰ only secondary education. The largest share of workers on farms with robotics (47.1‰) are in the age category from 18 to 29 years old, and only 19.4‰ of the same age category are on farms without robots. The use of robotics in agricultural organizations leads to a decrease in employment in types of work with high monotony, while the process of creating jobs associated with the maintenance of robotic devices and other digital technologies takes place. Further robotization will help overcome negative trends in the staffing of agriculture, including attracting and retaining professionally trained youth.
One of the main tasks in the Russian food supply system is the introduction of highly productive seeds of oilseeds, reducing the level of dependence on foreign selection varieties. Oilseeds in Russia account for about 15‰ of the total acreage. In the country, the dominant oilseeds are three: sunflower, soy and rapeseed. Agricultural producers, when choosing seeds for sowing, focus on varieties that allow them to get a higher yield. Therefore, if there are more high-yielding seeds of foreign varieties on the market, the seeds of domestic selection fall into the background. Analysis of the quality of sunflower, soy and rapeseed seeds shows that they contain from 20 to 60 ‰ fat and serve as raw materials for the production of vegetable oil, which has a nutritional value, used in the baking, confectionery, and canning industries. Oilseed meal is a valuable concentrated feed, rich in protein and fat, used by animals. According to the gross production of types of edible vegetable oils in the world, soy is in first place, sunflower is in second place, then rapeseed. In Russia in 2019, the total production of oilseeds: sunflower, soy and rapeseed amounted to 22.8 million tons and the utilization of processing capacities of plants is 80‰.
The article describes the food industry of the Russian Federation, and its example reveals the specifics of intra-industry innovation processes carried out both at the Federal level and at the level of individual regions. The necessity of continuous monitoring of innovation processes in the industry and regional sections is justified. The main areas of monitoring include tracking the performance of the industry at the Federal and regional levels, identifying promising areas of innovation in the industry, evaluating the effectiveness of industry innovation in the region, and comparing the results with the Federal level and world experience. The concept of innovation activity in the region as a unique characteristic of the subject of the Russian Federation, which involves targeted coordinated actions at various levels of management for the introduction of all types of innovations, is concretized. The author's scheme of formation of innovative activity in the region is proposed. The distinctive feature of this scheme is to clarify the role of business in the Russian Federation from the point of view of its size, industry structure and differences in ownership forms. The main reasons for interregional differentiation in the susceptibility of food industries to innovative activity of regions, which are conditionally grouped into two groups: internal and external, in relation to the studied branches of the national economy, are identified and justified.