Topicality of the research is connected with necessity of the analysis of the impact of sanctions and counter-sanctions (in particular, food embargo) in terms of membership in the world trade organization (WTO) on vegetable production and consumption. Measures to support domestic agricultural producers, including the amount of funding, are considered, and their comparison with similar measures taken in key agricultural producing countries that have imposed sanctions against the Russian Federation is presented. The main indicators of vegetable growing in recent years are given to assess the dynamics of the industry. In particular, special attention was paid to price factors. The purpose of the study is to assess the impact on the Russian vegetable market of the fact of Russia's accession to the WTO and restrictive measures, and to develop recommendations, methods and mechanisms for ensuring stable production of competitive vegetable products, taking into account the functioning of the WTO and sanctions in order to fulfil the tasks set out in the food security Doctrine of the Russian Federation. The study identified the main problems of vegetable producers, which in the long term can negatively affect the industry as a whole, and gave recommendations for their solution.
The economic viability of the economic entities of the poultry industry is a vector of their effective functioning. However, an analytical review of selected key indicators of poultry production showed a slowdown in its development. This is due to a number of internal and external factors, the neutralization of which can be carried out after conducting assessment procedures of the level of economic viability of the subjects under study. An analysis of theoretical and practical developments in assessing the level of economic viability (insolvency) of organizations made it possible to distinguish progressive elements that were taken into account in the development of methodological approaches to the problem under study in relation to the poultry industry, and, taking into account the results of statistical and economic analysis, rank business entities by economic viability (insolvency). The proposed methodology makes it possible to monitor and analyze the level of economic viability of poultry enterprises, develop mechanisms for financial recovery of economic entities of the industry, quantify the level of economic viability of poultry enterprises, on the basis of which appropriate management decisions will be developed.
The level of state support in the Russian Federation is mainly determined by the priority areas of development and indicators of the production activities of the economic entity. In particular, the level of productivity directly affects the level of subsidy per 1 kg of milk produced. The economic development of the organization and the state as a whole largely depends on the amount of support. The imperfection of the mechanism of state support for agriculture largely determines the current state of the dairy industry, characterized by the impossibility of providing its own milk to processing enterprises and the population, the entry of domestic dairy products into the world market due to the intensive development of dairy production. Based on data from 227 agricultural organizations and cluster analysis, 7 clusters were identified, differing in the number and yield of milk. It is necessary to more rationally allocate budget funds aimed at supporting its producers. To do this, the allocation of funds must be targeted, that is, focused on the production of milk, depending directly on its profitability.
To assess the technical and economic level of disc harrows, we apply the data envelopment analysis methodology. Calculations are made for 33 domestic and foreign brands using a non-oriented SBM model with variable returns to scale. Retail prices of these machines in the Russian market act as the only input expended by the buyer, and the technical characteristics of the harrows (working width, weight, minimum required tractor power) represent the outputs. Since the available technical characteristics are not enough to determine the quality of the performance of technological operations by harrows - based on the technical parameters of disc harrows, the buyer cannot get an idea of the quality of soil breaking up, weed cutting, etc. - it is proposed to compensate for the lack of technical information by evaluating brands, which will be considered as an additional type of output in the SBM model. In this article, the assessment of brands is carried out according to a simplified scheme. Thus, foreign brands of disc harrows (well-known brands) are estimated by the volume of Deere's revenue for 2019 (the maximum sales volume among the world companies producing agricultural machinery), and the volume of Rostselmash's revenue for the same period is the basis for evaluating Russian brands (the maximum sales volume among similar enterprises in Russia). The obtained results of calculating the SBM model indicate the potential for the development of domestic agricultural machinery, since a number of Russian disc harrows received the highest technical and economic level.
The purpose of the study is to develop a mechanism for investing in AIC based on a two-level representation of the macroeconomic model and the justification on this basis of the project, calculating possible economic effects. During the study, the reasons for the "non-activation" of previous agro-industrial complex development programs were identified; the architecture of the AIC investment mechanism is reflected; the need to invest federal budget funds to ensure solvent demand for the products of tractor and combine engineering enterprises is justified, which will allow "launching" the process of reviving the economy of the agro-industrial complex, as well as the Russian Federation as a whole; Economic effects from the implementation of the AIC investment mechanism are calculated on the basis of a two-level representation of the macroeconomic model. The obtained results can be used in the development and implementation of the State Investment Project in agro-industrial complex.
The article deals with the issues of the spatial organization of agriculture from the point of view of the study of the economic category "division of labour". In particular, it is noted that in modern conditions the basis of the territorial division of labour in the country's agriculture is the development of its productive forces, which naturally contributes to the deepening of the regional specialization of the industry. However, the country is still weakly using its competitive advantages associated with the spatial development of agriculture, which is influenced by many factors, each of which may turn out to be excessive or scarce. Moreover, the impact of each factor on the rational placement and deepening of the industry's specialization occurs not only as a result of changes in its size, but also the ratio of the entire set of interacting factors, which largely determine the complex nature of the spatial organization of agriculture in the country and its individual regions. At the same time, each Russian region, possessing only its inherent competitive capabilities and features, to one degree or another participates in the spatial development of agriculture and its subsectors, thereby contributing to rational placement, deepening of specialization and increased concentration of production of certain types of agricultural products, to effective the functioning of a single national agri-food market.
The revival and sustainable development of consumer cooperation in rural areas is currently one of the priority areas of modern agricultural policy. Based on the advanced foreign and domestic experience, this is most relevant in relation to depressed rural areas, where cooperation can be a kind of driver in improving the quality of socio-economic development. Due to the development of consumer cooperatives of various forms and areas of activity, not only the problems of production, processing and marketing of agricultural products are effectively solved, but also the emergence of new non-agricultural sectors of the rural economy, its wide diversification is initiated, which contributes to the creation of new jobs, an increase in income and the quality of life of the population. Republic of Bashkortostan at the end of 2018-2019 is the leader among the subjects of the Russian Federation in terms of the number of agricultural consumer cooperatives created annually. However, at present, there is an acute problem of both the sustainability of the new organized consumer cooperatives in the long term, and the preservation of the system of the Bashkir Union of Consumer Societies that has existed since the beginning of the 20th century and its revival on a new market basis. Therefore, within the framework of this article, the need to develop and implement, in addition to regional, municipal and intermunicipal strategies for the development of agricultural consumer cooperatives, including the second and third levels, is actualized, for the organization of a sustainable regional cooperative system and the withdrawal of depressed south- and north-eastern rural areas region out of the crisis.
In this article, the author attempts to study various methodological issues of typologization of rural territories. The main features underlying various typological approaches are investigated. Along with traditional approaches (administrative, demographic, economic-territorial, statistical and functional), the author studies approaches related to identifying the level of development of the territory, its social and household determinant, the "center-periphery" approach (and "agglomeration" as its component), population density distribution, situational and problem approach, production and others. The author comes (along with other researchers whose work is analyzed in this article) to a logical conclusion about the need to form a comprehensive, integrative approach to assessing the situation in the parameters of rural development, followed by a multi-factor method of typologization of rural territories. In this regard, the author proposes to rely on a technique developed by specialists of FSBSI FRC AESDRA VNIIESH based on a differentiated approach to the typology of rural areas based on the assessment of status and trends of transformation.
The state of pig breeding in Kazakhstan today is characterized by a decrease in the pace of its development, which is reflected in a reduction in the number of pigs, in a decrease in production volumes. Nevertheless, the pig industry continues to be economically profitable and cost-effective, the industry's products occupy one of the first places among the food consumed and are in high demand on the world market. In this regard, the purpose of the study is to substantiate the prospects for the development of the pig industry in the region. To achieve this goal, the authors used dialectical, monographic, graphical, statistical, and economic forecasting methods, in particular, the method of polynomial smoothing. This article identifies the main trends in the development of the pig industry in Kostanay region from 2012 to 2019, identifies and comments on the main problems of pig production: lack of established feed production, weak breeding work, low level of livestock optimization, insufficiently developed legislative framework for pig farming, lack of a civilized market for pig products. the experimental part of the study considers the possibilities of solving these problems, including the development of a model of «anchor cooperation» in pig farming, the use of which will allow this industry not only to increase the scale of production, but also to increase its efficiency in the future.
State regulation of the agricultural sector is a strategically important and integral part of Russian state policy. The law defines not only the General principles, goals, tasks and directions of state policy in the field of development of the agricultural sector, but also the key points of influence the article considers the organizational and legal basis of state regulation of the agricultural industry in Russia: the main legal documents defining the goals and objectives of state agro-industrial policy, the composition and relations of participants in the system of state regulation of the industry, and a model of their interaction with regard to accession to the WTO. Proposals have been developed to improve the mechanisms for providing effective state support to the industry in order to implement the key task of state support, namely, to increase the competitiveness of agricultural products in foreign and domestic markets by increasing the profitability of production.