In modern dairy farming, it is customary to first use the value of milk yield for 305 days of lactation when calculating the economic efficiency of breeds. We have considered the productive potential of the breed according to the set of productive characteristics throughout the life of the cow. As of 2009, three breeds of cattle were bred in plants in the North-Western Federal district, five breeds were in reproducers, and seven breeds were in farms of all categories. A slight change in the number of breeds was noted in 2018. There is an increase in productivity indicators for all the considered breeds. It is shown that breeds that in 2009 had the best indicator for the aggregate of productive characteristics, in 2018 began to give way to other breeds of livestock. Based on the analysis, we can see the dependence of the number of calves and the safety of the herd on the amount of milk received per lactation. The article uses the method of complex assessment of economically useful animals using all data on the last completed lactation of cows. The analysis of productivity parameters for the entire life of the animal was performed. The paper considers native and imported breeds of cattle.
The article discusses the features of the analysis of the stability of the financial situation of business entities using the example of sunflower oil producers in Russia. The financial position of the business entity is mainly capable of ensuring the continuity of its operations, which is determined by the capital structure. According to the average consolidated analytical balance for 2019, most sunflower oil producers in the country have an unsatisfactory structure of sources of financing; provide their assets mainly through borrowed sources of formation. Therefore, none of the relative indicators of financial stability meets its optimal parameter, and there is reason to diagnose the unstable financial situation of the economic entities under consideration. The main internal cause of the unsustainable financial situation is the low share of its own sources of financing. A key macroeconomic driver of the current financial situation is the high level of growth in sunflower exports, resulting in a shortage of raw materials and an increase in stock prices. Starting in 2020, the financial situation of sunflower oil producers should be expected to improve, due to the introduction of restrictive measures for the export of sunflower. The measures taken will eliminate the shortage of raw materials and reduce the cost of reserves of sunflower oil producers.
The article examines the impact of imports of live sheep on the formation of the mutton market. The result of the study was a proposal on the need to clarify the methodology for forecasting meat markets with a high share of imports of live animals. The result of the study was a proposal on the need to clarify methodological approaches to predicting meat markets with a high share of live animal imports. The results of the surveys showed that an increase in the average per capita monetary income of the population by one rouble per month leads to an increase in the production of sheep meat (in slaughter weight) by 23.1 tons per year, and imports of 1 ton of meat and meat products - a decrease in production by 66 kg. There is also a link between the import of live sheep and the growth of livestock and sheep production in the region. Depending on the regions, the development of sheep farming in Russia can go in two directions: extensive and industrial development. Due to the lack of domestic breeds adapted for the industrial version of the development of the industry, the need for the import of breeding cattle and its subsequent breeding remains.
The article discusses the results of research on the development of model tools to substantiate the directions of strategic development and placement of agriculture in regional agri-food systems, taking into account long-term climatic changes. The developed system of models for carrying out variant calculations when justifying the directions of strategic development of agri-food systems, taking into account long-term climatic changes, includes models of yields of major crops, cost functions in crop and livestock production, functions of per capita food consumption. The system of economic and mathematical models is designed to obtain predictive estimates of the socio-economic development of the agri-food systems in the regions in the context of the following groups of indicators: production of agricultural products of the main types; food consumption in the regions; deficits and surpluses of food in the regions according to their respective types, taking into account the current trends. The listed characteristics are predicted for the long term in two versions, the first of which provides the development of the regional agri-food systems as a continuation of the existing trends (climatic scenario RCP8.5), and the second as a consequence of the influence of control actions from the state in order to achieve optimal environmental and economic parameters of development (climatic scenario RCP4.5).
Egg and egg products are indispensable in the list of necessary products in the consumer basket. Analytics of their sales, exports and imports show the presence of directions for expanding the market potential of this target segment both in domestic and foreign markets. Possible niches to expand the market for eggs and their processed products include an increase in their production in regions with low self-sufficiency, consumption of eggs and egg products per capita, approaching the leading countries, and increased emphasis on obtaining products from different types of agricultural poultry, development of functional egg with specified properties and organic with corresponding requirements of their production and implementation. Based on the results of the analysis, a scheme was developed to expand the market potential of eggs and their processed products with the calculation of their forecast values both in breeding and in other sub-sectors of poultry farming. Algorithms have been developed to calculate the market potential of the main, accompanying and block products, depending on the hierarchical level of their receipt by business entities of the industry. An information map of the value of the market potential of the main, accompanying and by-products is given, which is universal in nature for other sectors of animal husbandry.
The socio-economic development of rural areas is one of the most important areas of strategic planning in modern Russia. To achieve the long-term levels of the targets outlined in the State Program "Integrated Rural Development", it is important to take into account the existing and continuing to accumulate experience of the regions of the Russian Federation. There are significant differences between the regions in terms of the level of rural development, which is due to both contrasting natural conditions, specific long-term socio-economic processes, and the current activities of public authorities and business structures. In this diversity, it is important to highlight the most successful practices, the replication of which will allow for more effective use of the resources allocated for the development of rural areas. The article presents the main provisions of the author's methodology for evaluating and selecting the best practices of integrated rural development. The authors suggest distinguishing between two types of practices: regional and project-based. Successful regional practice is recognized as the activity of the public authorities of the region, whose long-term indicators exceed the average Russian level, including indicators of the socio-economic state and the dynamics of their changes. Successful project practices are proposed to be selected in two categories: "Integrated development of rural areas" and "Social efficiency of the use of budget funds".
Food security of the regions belongs to one of the directions of ensuring national security, the strategic goal of which is to provide the population with food and agricultural products. The article examines the state of food security of the Ulyanovsk region. The data on the consumption of certain types of agricultural products per capita are presented. The persistence of differentiation in food consumption between different social groups was noted, which indicates deterioration in the standard of living of the population of the region. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of resources and their use for the main types of agricultural products and the assessment of the level of self-sufficiency in the main agricultural products of the region's population. In addition, priority directions for the development of the agro-industrial complex are proposed in order to solve the food problem at the regional level.
The article considers issues of modernization of agricultural production through leasing and import of tractors, agricultural machinery and equipment. Modernization is considered as a transition to a new type of economy, a new model of development of the country, where the basis of production is the commercialization of new scientific and technical knowledge. Based on the analysis of statistical data of the Federal Customs Service of Russia, it was concluded that the share and growth of imports of parts of agricultural machinery or mechanisms is high. The main exporter of agricultural machinery or machinery to Russia is Germany, the main importer from Russia is Kazakhstan. The ratio of ex-port and import of tractors for 2013-2020 is 1:13. To increase the efficiency of modernization, it is necessary to provide stable and predictable state support for the implementation of preferential programs, the introduction of the results of scientific developments in the production process to reduce dependence on imported supplies of equipment.
The employment rate of the rural population is an indicator of the socio-economic well-being of the development of rural areas. The decline in the needs of the agricultural labour market has led to a decline in agricultural employment and especially employment in collective farms. The traditional way of rural life will continue to undergo an impressive transformation associated with a change in the economic structure, due to the introduction of advanced digital technologies and new models of labour relations. A certain role in improving the well-being of the rural population, according to the State Program "Comprehensive Development of Rural Areas", is assigned to alternative employment. The conducted studies of the influence of the number of employed in small business, informal, alternative employment on the integral assessment of the socio-economic situation of rural areas in the region has a linear relationship: with an increase in alternative employment, the integral indicator rises by 0.05. In this work, using the methods of correlation-regression and cluster analyzes, the municipal districts of the region are grouped according to the influence of alternative employment on the development of rural areas. The positive role of alternative employment in increasing the average monthly wages of workers, subsidies, the volume of investments in fixed assets, the replacement of workers, the share of tax and non-tax revenues of the local budget, the development of individual entrepreneurship in rural areas has been determined.
Dairy cattle breeding in Ulyanovsk region is low-effective. Modern level of the milk market development in the region does not allow providing the population with products of its own output. Currently, the supply of this product of our region population is 215 kg per year, while according to the medical consumption standards 325 kg are needed. The lack is covered by imports from other regions of our country. Milk production in Ulyanovsk region is concentrated in three types of farms: agricultural enterprises, households and peasant farms. Despite the fact that the largest proportion of cows and milk production is occupied by households, most of the commercial milk in the region is produced by agricultural enterprises. The relevance of this study is emphasized by the high importance of the dairy cattle breeding development both in our region and in Russia in general. The article considers current state of milk production in agricultural organizations of a particular region, factors affecting its efficiency are established by the clustering method, and the forecast of gross milk output for the future is made. The efficiency of milk production and sale is influenced by the following factors: cow productivity; production cost; concentration and specialization of agricultural production.