The authors investigate the issues of determining the role and place of grain production in Russia in line with the current trends in the global grain market. A retrospective and prospective (until 2030) assessment of grain production in the context of the main grain-producing and grain-consuming territories of the world has been carried out. The results show the strengthening of Russia's position in the structure of global grain production and exports. Our country is one of the few grain-producing regions in the world with the possibility of a significant increase in arable land for grain. Climatic changes are helping the territories in the North of the European and Asian parts of Russia. The processes of grain specialization in the world market contribute to the strengthening of wheat in the structure of grain production in Russia, a sharp increase in specialized zones for the production of corn for grain, and an increase in trends towards the concentration of land and agro-logistics resources in large financial and industrial companies.
The features of the program-targeted method of financing public expenditures are determined. The features of various forms of financing the agricultural sector are identified. The goals of implementation of project management are considered. The necessity of assessing the effectiveness of government programs has been determined. The drawbacks of regional programs for the development of agriculture are identified. The goals of the state program for the development of agriculture in the Perm Territory are considered. The analysis of the implementation of the target indicators of the program in terms of the development of crop production in the Perm Territory has been carried out. The negative factors of the conditions for the implementation of the state program are identified. Proposals were made to improve the formation and implementation of the regional program for the development of agriculture.
Currently, the global trend is that the monostructured rural economy is gradually diversifying due to the development of non-agricultural activities, including various types of tourism. Within the framework of this article, the development of glamping, a promising direction of ecological tourism, is considered as one of the new "growth points" of the depressed rural territories of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The authors analyzed the foreign and domestic experience of the glamping industry in order to adapt it in relation to the south-eastern rural areas of the Republic of Bashkortostan, which have been classified as depressive for many years. lamping can well complement other types of tourism (agro -, ethno -, gastronomic, and others) promote the diversification of the rural economy, the opening of new small and medium-sized enterprises due to the multiplier effect, increase employment and income of rural residents. As a result of the study, the authors actualized the expediency of adjusting regional and municipal programs for the socio-economic development of rural areas, small and medium-sized businesses, agricultural production and consumer cooperation, tourism and including proposals for the development of glamping in them. The necessity of training personnel for the glamping industry, as well as the development of templates and business plans adapted to the conditions of a specific area in the field of glamping is justified.
For agricultural production, it has always been and remains important to solve the problem of highly efficient use of land resources suitable for the cultivation of cultivated plants. Largely, this is influenced by the types of agricultural structures that have developed at the present time and continue to be transformed. Types of agricultural structures mean the ratio of farms by specific weight of gross or commodity products. The class combines farms allocated in terms of land use. The specific type of agrarian structure includes farms combining several features in the use of labor, land and financial resources of agriculture, which are qualified as family, mixed, capitalist and large-capitalist (oligarchic) types of management [1]. The essence of the characteristic of sustainable development of agricultural land use is to increase the efficiency of land use through the transition to land reproduction. This is a world goal and the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation today, at least in regulatory documents, adheres to it. On the territory of the Non-Black Earth Economic Zone of the Russian Federation there are a large number of multidisciplinary objects - land users, which led to the formation of complex multi-functional, economic complexes (types of agricultural structures). Therefore, the main functions of sustainable development of agricultural land use are economic, environmental and social, taking into account the legal provision of economic activities of all land users.
The article considers the possibilities of agricultural development in the Republic of South Ossetia and reveals the trends of ongoing changes in the production of agricultural raw materials and agricultural products. On the basis of factor analysis for key groups of crop production, qualitative and quantitative parameters were identified that determine the dynamics and potential of production of cereals, potatoes and other types of products. The processes of reducing the number of farm animals, primarily cattle, are considered. The trend of decline of farms and potential commodity producers – households that raise livestock is revealed. It is noted that in order to reveal potential opportunities, it is necessary to activate state support for both the production of agricultural products and innovative processes in the industry
The problems of production development are largely caused by insufficient financing of investments, which, in our opinion, is due to the monetary policy pursued by the Central Bank of Russia, which is based on the fight against inflation. This article analyzes the emerging dynamics of the key refinancing rate as a tool for regulating the economy, and reveals the absence of a relationship between the dynamics of the key rate and investments in fixed assets. A simplified model of the relationship between monetary policy and investment is considered.
The development of technology transfer methods based on the regulation of existing and introduction of new institutions that do not contradict the prevailing conditions for the development of the digital economy is an urgent task of scientific research. External influence directed on the organizational system of management and mediated by an effective institutional environment contributes to the positive functioning of the technology transfer mechanism. In this regard, it seems appropriate to develop methods for technology transfer within the framework of the institutional approach in the development of the digital economy. The proposed methods for activating the process of technology transfer involve the use of categories due to the existence of objective economic laws and ensuring the effectiveness of incentives for the market system of the economy. The developed methods: a method of introducing innovations, the method of forming an intensive market interaction of economic entities and the method of transforming information products and services into an autonomous component of the domestic agricultural economy contribute to the formation of an organizational and economic mechanism for the transfer of industry technologies, which provides a positive development dynamics mediated by the growth of agricultural competitiveness, the activation of innovation and investment processes.
Modern trends in the country's innovative development make it necessary to actively include regions in these processes. The increase in the level of innovative development of Russia and its regions is determined by one of the main directions of state policy. The analysis of the level of interregional differentiation in terms of innovative development is relevant, since the level and uniformity of innovative development of the regions affect the competitiveness and independence of the country as a whole. Of particular importance is the development of tools to stimulate regional innovation. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the directions for improving the mechanisms of innovative development of the regions of Russia based on the analysis of their interregional differentiation according to the parameters of innovative development. The assessment of the innovative development of the regions was made on the basis of Rosstat data on the basis of statistical indicators: average value, standard error of the average, median value, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, gap. The results confirmed the presence of interregional differentiation.
The authors note that in the face of new challenges (pandemic, economic crises, climate change, environmental degradation, sanctions, embargoes, digitalization, modernization and other challenges, both “large” and national), the corresponding ones should be adequately implemented in the working economy of the Russian Federation. Adaptive measures to maintain efficiency and competitiveness, to be receptive to innovation, capable of increasing export potential. New approaches and priorities in the economic block of the All-Russian Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography are considered in detail. The essence of scientific directions is revealed, the implementation of which will increase the efficiency of the functioning of the fishery complex and ensure its economic entities increase the export component.
Increasing the efficiency of crop production in the Russian Federation in order to ensure the food independence of the country in the context of an import substitution policy determines the relevance of the topic of the study. The solution of this problem is possible on the basis of economical energy consumption and rational use of fertilizers, taking into account their negative impact on the environment. In this regard, the aim of the study is to develop methodological approaches to bio energy assessment of certain agricultural techniques and rational use of fertilizers in domestic crop production based on the calculation of environmental and economic efficiency in the context of the digital transformation of the country's economy in an unstable market environment and for the strategic future. The article sets out the definitions of energy efficiency in the production of crops and proposes a system of indicators for their calculation. . A comparative analysis of the production of crop production in farms of all categories for the period from 2016 to 2020 was carried out. The use of fertilizers in the country and their importance (specific gravity) in the growth of crop yields of various natural and climatic zones are shown. The work outlines an environmental approach to the use of fertilizers, which, according to the digital block "Digital Agriculture," will make it possible to obtain environmentally friendly products and have a minimal negative impact on the environment. It is noted that in order to obtain maximum efficiency from the use of fertilizers, it is necessary to take into account their effect on subsequent crops in crop rotation, soil fertility, the need of plants for nutritional elements at each stage of organogenesis, as well as the payback of each type of fertilizer additionally obtained products.