In our opinion, the priority strategic tasks at the current stage are to minimize the negative consequences of the pandemic for agriculture, which directly affect the country's food security. Of particular importance is the form of management of agricultural development, including coordination of actions, effective cooperation of system-forming structures in agriculture of the strategic border region. Effective forms of management of agricultural development in border territories have a direct impact on improving the efficiency of agricultural production in these territories. The measures carried out at the present time aimed at the development of agriculture in the border areas are carried out without the use of a systematic approach. The agricultural development programs of the border geostrategic territories do not fully take into account their specifics, budget features, which cannot but affect the agricultural economy of the border region. This situation allows us to look at the problems of the agricultural sector of the border geostrategic territories in a new way. In this regard, the development of methodological approaches and practical recommendations for improving the forms of management of agricultural development in border areas is relevant and has special significance.
The Universal and Russian trends defining strategic priorities of investment-innovation activities and the list of its key participants, stakeholders of improvement of the regional agrofood systems solving strategic problems of food security and providing the population with food are considered. The conclusion is drawn that the considered methodological approaches anyway are reflection of the principles of sustainable development which are a transitional stage to noosphere approach, reflecting balancing of "the interests of the human", "the interests of the nature" and "the interests of technologies". The model of realization of the investment-innovation activity offered on the basis of this representation in regional agrarian-industrial complex via mechanisms of SPP on the basis of the concept of sustainable development assumes the solution of the tasks not only determined by the current state of food security and providing the population with food but also assumes transition to implementation of activity of agrofood systems on the basis of noosphere approach (noonomik).
The article substantiates the need to create a state geographic information system (GGIS) of food resources and describes its proposed structure. The article highlights that GGIS can be utilized to solve a number of high-priority tasks, including the prevention of shortages and overproductions of agricultural products, agriculture adaptation to climate change, tax revenue growth, etc. GGIS assists in choosing the most effective measures to regulate food markets and curbing the price growth of socially important food products. The article describes the main software modules as well as GGIS models. A model for assessing the carbon footprint of goods and resulting export payments is proposed, as well as a module for generating recommendations for compensating part of the carbon footprint by purchasing carbon quotas from organizations that ensure carbon absorption.
According to the conclusions of the International Panel on Climate (IPCC), the increase in the amount of carbon in the atmosphere due to industrial emissions has led to an acceleration of climate change. To slow the pace of change, countries are making efforts to reduce carbon emissions. In addition, the EU announced the introduction of a carbon tax on imported goods so that their prices take into account the amount of CO2 emissions from production. This can increase the price of Russian agricultural products in foreign markets. The solution to the problem can be the development of carbon balance techniques in agri-food systems based on an agricultural carbon landfill.
Solving the problems of ensuring food security in Russia as a whole and its individual regions involves ongoing monitoring of the processes of formation and use of food resources, including their personal consumption, the results of which allow us to substantiate the prospects for the state of the regional market of food resources and the degree of ensuring food security. Identification of the main trends in personal consumption of food resources of the Perm Region to justify the potential growth of the market capacity for certain types of products as a factor in ensuring food security in the region. Methods of statistical analysis, methods of comparison and grouping are used. The information base was the materials of the official statistics of the Perm Region for 2015-2019. The assessment of the processes of personal consumption of food resources of the Perm Region allowed us to identify reserves for the growth of personal consumption of products of our own production and an increase in its share in the domestic market of the Perm Region. The most significant reserves were identified for dairy products – 240-250 thousand tons (up to 30‰) and vegetables-130-150 thousand tons (up to 40‰).The results obtained made it possible to identify the segments of the domestic market of food resources of the Perm Region that are most accessible for their saturation with products of their own production: the segment of dairy products and the segment of vegetable products.
Ensuring rational land use in agriculture is one of the main goals of sustainable development on a national scale, which is still not being achieved in Russia. The main limitations of the formation of rational land use are the progressive processes of land degradation and the continuing decline in soil fertility. The existing mechanism of farming requires improvement in the direction of solving these problems on the way to ensuring the balanced development of ecological and economic systems. Within the framework of the author's methodological approach, the provisions determining the systematic formation of rational land use are substantiated and the goal of strategic management of rational land use in agriculture is formulated. The principles of land use management as an ecological and economic system are revealed and the estimated parameters of the level of rational use of land resources are determined on the basis of indicators of ecological and economic efficiency.
The article discusses the problems of the relationship between robotization and the provision of regions with labor resources, as well as the impact of the use of robots in agricultural production on the unemployment rate. The purpose of the study is to determine the dependence of the density of robotization of agriculture on the proportion of the able-bodied population of the regions and the level of unemployment in them. The results of the grouping of regions into four groups according to the density of robotization of agriculture are presented. The share of the rural population in the group of regions with a high robotization density is 24.2‰, and increases to 31.5‰ in regions where robotics is not used in agricultural production. The registered unemployment rate in the group of regions with a high density of robotization is 5.17‰, and in regions that do not use robotics - 7.3‰, which allows us to conclude that there is a negative relationship. Specific recommendations are given on the advisability of priority robotization of agriculture in regions with a high proportion of the rural population, since the introduction of robots in agricultural production does not increase unemployment in rural areas and will prevent the technological backwardness of the industry in these regions. The analysis data can be used for a spatial model of robotization of agriculture, depending on various factors and the zoning of rural areas according to the expediency of robotization of the industry.
The article deals with the problems of the development of the poultry farming sub-sector from the point of view of increasing the competitiveness of its products in foreign markets. The relevance of this research area is emphasized, based on the tasks set for the industry. The dynamics and main directions of the development of foreign trade in agricultural products are analyzed. The balance sheet characteristics are presented: production, export, import, consumption, including per capita poultry products. It is emphasized that the competitiveness of products is determined by price and quality parameters that characterize the usefulness of the product, its use value. Moreover, the price competitiveness of agri-food products is a complex of cost characteristics of products, which also take into account its qualitative characteristics, which determine the demand for products on the market. The assessment of the competitiveness of domestic poultry products in foreign markets was carried out on the basis of the following indicators: average prices of agricultural producers in Russia and in the main exporting countries; export prices of products; the coefficient of revealed comparative advantage (RCA-Balassa index). The study revealed that Russian export prices for poultry meat are significantly lower than in the main exporting countries, which indicates a certain potential for increasing exports, provided that production efficiency is further improved and costs are reduced. At the same time, the volume of export supplies, despite their increase in recent years, remains at a low level, which does not allow us to fully speak about the competitiveness of these products on the world market.
The article discusses issues of improving the regulatory framework governing the use and processing of litter. During the study, we analyzed the regulatory and legal framework regarding the use of litter, which we classified, both by type of documents and by special blocks, identified its shortcomings and proposed a set of measures to eliminate them. It is advisable to distinguish manure, poultry litter and products containing them into a separate category of regulation in federal legislation - organic fertilizers, making appropriate amendments to existing regulatory acts taking into account the classes of hazards of litter/manure (and it is possible to lower the hazard class).
The identification of the relationship between microeconomic and macroeconomic indicators makes it possible to anticipate and mitigate in time possible crises in individual enterprises and organizations. The sunflower oil market in Russia is developing quite rapidly - the manufacture of this type of product increased between 2005 and 2019, while its exports grew even more substantially, and domestic consumption is provided by own production, as evidenced by the negative trend in imports volume. The current ratio, considered as a microeconomic indicator of the financial status of sunflower oil producers, is calculated on average in their entirety. The dynamics of the financial coefficient under consideration is determined by the following market aggregates: per capita consumption of sunflower oil, purchasing power of average per capita income of the population, export price. Growth in all three considered factors causes an increase in the current ratio. During the whole period under study the value of the current ratio is substantially lower than its optimal parameter. The main macroeconomic reasons for this situation are the limited human physiological need for sunflower oil, which significantly reduces the size of the domestic market, and the negative development of the export price of this commodity.