The article presents the results of the study of possible reserves for improving the efficiency of state support in the case of using business value as a criterion for distributing subsidies. The means of state support should increase the cost of agricultural business in the long term. Agricultural organizations of the Sverdlovsk region were divided into groups depending on efficiency. The inclusion of organizations in the group of highly, moderately effective and ineffective is due only to internal factors of the organization and is not associated either with distance from the regional center or with the type of settlement. The study showed that the existing mechanism for allocating public support funds was imperfect, since more than half of the amount of subsidies was sent to a completely ineffective and uncompetitive business. The alternative mechanism is more radical and is based on a complete cut off from public financing of an inefficient business in terms of incremental cost. With the introduction of cost indicators in the spent decision-making and efficiency assessment mechanism, which allows releasing reserves in the amount of 0.8-1.16 million roubles annually in the total amount of funds allocated in the Sverdlovsk region.
In recent years, many enterprises have appeared on the Russian market that is capable of growing fresh strawberries and green crops all year round. At the same time, there is a certain shortage of these products. The volume of production lags far behind the volume of demand. The reason can be considered the predominance of open field production and the impossibility of growing these crops in the autumn-winter period in agricultural enterprises. The choice of suppliers turns out to be quite limited, and the prices for strawberries and green crops are quite high, inappropriate to the offered quality of these products. The difficult political situation in the world, as well as the consequences of the pandemic, aggravating the crisis phenomena, has a significant impact on production. As a result the volume of imports has decreased, which has led to a significant reduction in the volume of receipts from other countries. The trend of transition to a healthy lifestyle and proper nutrition allows us to say with confidence that an increase in the production of greens and berries is required throughout the year. The aim of the study is to analyze the current state of production of berry crops and greens, as well as a feasibility study for the creation of a greenhouse complex for the production of these types of products. The authors of the article propose a project option for building a business - creating a greenhouse complex «from scratch».
Milk and its processed products are a valuable type of food resources that are in demand by all groups of the Russian population. Trends in the field of milk production, problems of low efficiency, manifested through a high level of cost, have a significant impact on the market of dairy products and on the level of food security. Identification of the main trends in the field of milk production is to indicate the prospects for increasing the efficiency of the industry and ensuring food security. Methods of statistical analysis, methods of comparison and grouping are used. The information base was the materials of the official statistics of the Russian Federation and the Perm Region for 2015-2020. The growth of the dairy herd, the productivity of cows, the focus on concentrated and juicy feed at a high level of feeding, the intensification processes contributed to the growth of milk production and the share of own-made dairy products in the regional market. Trends in the field of forage harvesting of own production indicate the presence of instability and factors of negative influence. The obtained results allowed us to identify the factors of milk production that contribute to the growth of the industry's efficiency and ensuring food security. Solving problems in the field of harvesting feed of our own production will eliminate the negative impact on the efficiency of milk production.
The article presents the results of the analysis of economic efficiency of agricultural production in the context of subjects of the Far Eastern Federal District. The agricultural products of the Russian Far East in actual prices by 2020 amounted to 207303.1 million roubles. Leaders with a share in the production of products were allocated to the regions: 23.28‰ - Amur Region, 21.45‰ - Primorsky Territory, 12.64‰ - Res-public Sakha (Yakutia). An increase in the profitability of the sold crop products from 2005 to 2019 from -4.0‰ to 1.9‰ was revealed. At the same time, negative indicators of profitability of sold livestock products are noted throughout the analyzed period. A correlation analysis of the profitability of livestock production using the example of milk production in the Amur Region showed an average level of dependence on animal productivity and a moderate level of dependence on the fodder yield indicator. In this regard, it is recommended that the method of integrated phased economic assessment of the efficiency of production and use of feed in livestock be used to select effective technologies for the production and use of feed in livestock, taking into account the quality of the final products.
When analyzing the risks of an investment project, it is important to have a so – called "starting point" - the initial calculation of the project or, in other words, the basic calculation of the project (the basic project, the basic cash flow, the basic version of the project). Since there may be several project participants, there may be several approaches to calculating the basic project. Here we propose a unified approach to calculating the basic cash flow, the main principle of which is the principle of moderate pessimism. A preliminary conclusion about the sustainability of the investment project can be made based on the calculation of the basic project, analyzing the performance indicators
The paper shows that within the framework of sustainable development of rural areas in Russia, attention is paid to the development of agriculture and alternative businesses, rural infrastructure and housing, etc., and of all the key problems of minimizing negative consequences for future generations, attention is paid only to the preservation of fertility and land protection. Moreover, the existing support mechanisms in each new program become more complicated and overly detailed, limiting local initiatives. It is revealed that all this shows a low level of trust in people, the lack of proper work to improve their culture and worldview, and that this is a very significant obstacle to effectively solving the problems of sustainable development of rural areas. Relevant recommendations are given.
The article gives a comparative description of the main parameters of the social development of rural areas with the city. The dynamics of the contribution of consumer cooperation of the Central Union of Russia system to the settlement of the village in the post-form period is presented. The factors that caused the decline of this form of cooperative movement in our country and the mechanisms for its revival and development in the market realities of modern Russia have been determined. The realization of the social and economic functions of consumer cooperation is possible only on the basis of the improvement of the entire set of conditions for its functioning.
The article analyzes scenario forecasts of economic growth in agriculture and changes in the food situation in the world, taking into account the impact of the demographic transition process and other global challenges and risks on them. The conclusions drawn on the basis of such an analysis indicate that the world is on the verge of cardinal, perhaps even catastrophic changes in the dynamics of the demographic and food situation. The author shows that if the situation develops according to a pessimistic forecast scenario, a giant "demographic collapse" may occur, as some scientists predict, incomparable with the past in terms of loss of human lives. The alarming prospects for humanity indicate that the world community should find an opportunity to overcome socio-economic and political contradictions at the global and national levels, unite efforts and immediately direct them to the development and implementation of strategic international and national programs aimed at overcoming agro technological, land-resource, climatic, environmental, demographic and other restrictions, barriers to the development of the world agro-food economy, to ensure a stable equilibrium development of the long-term conjuncture of the global agri-food market.
The article is devoted to the development of the concept of a green economy in Russia. The authors note that with the development of social relations and the increase in the efficiency of industrial production as a result of the consistent development of the concept of sustainable development, its logical continuation appeared in the form of the concept of a green economy. The focus of the goals and objectives has shifted towards increasing the use of renewable resources and energy sources, reducing hydrocarbon emissions in all sectors of activity, greening and rational use of agriculture and fishing, water and forestry, industry, construction, transport, tourism, and recycling household and industrial expenses. At the moment, there is a discussion in the economic community about the degree of influence of the implementation of the green economy concept on the development of our country. The implementation of the concept of a green economy in Russia poses threats to the competitiveness of leading domestic industries in the short and medium term, but new opportunities for development are opening up in the long term. In general, there is an understanding that without the comprehensive development of measures to stimulate a green economy in Russia, the negative consequences in the future will be insurmountable, therefore the main question is not the need for a transition to the concept of a green economy, but the speed and intensity of this transition, as well as the amount of necessary material and the financial resources required to transform the Russian economy.
The changes of export structure in conditions of the trade wars, volatility of prices on the energy carriers for Russia are the matter of urgency. In order to increase non-energy export in 2018, there was approved national project “International cooperation and export”. However, in 2019-2020 Russia didn’t manage to achieve the planned volumes of manufacturing export. At the same time, export of AIC goods increased at higher rate. In the end of 2020 national project was renewed. Targeted indicators of its realization were decreased not only concerning the manufacture but also AIC. This was stipulated by the series of factors. One of them is the following: high growth rates of AIC goods export were planned but in pandemic conditions the planned terms couldn’t be met without the damage of internal market. Besides, aspiration of the manufactures to increase retail prices for the internal market to the export prices stipulated the price growth on the food. This decreased the economic availability of the food. Another factor of project renewal is predominance preservation of the products with low added value in export. Therefore, perfection of the state regulation of AIC development, prediction and planning of production and export of the agri-food products is urgent. It’s necessary to carry out the increase of export supplies taking into account the interests of Russian consumers. It shouldn’t harm the purchasing ability of the population.