The unsustainable use of land during the reform period led to the fact that the total removal of nutrients became more than 6 times higher than their return with the introduction of organic and mineral fertilizers. The article examines the prerequisites for rational use of land, as well as the current state of land use and its effectiveness in agricultural organizations of the Ulyanovsk region. The authors assessed the intensification of the use of land resources, changes in the volume of fertilizers introduced for crops, their yields. Despite the increase in production of certain types of products, land use efficiency in the region is steadily declining. The efficiency of the use of agricultural land in the region is more due to the concentration of production, the size of production costs, the level of production intensity, the yield of grain and leguminous crops, to a lesser extent to the availability of basic funds and labour resources. Modern farmers find it difficult to maintain soil fertility and, moreover, increase the efficiency of using agricultural land without removing them from circulation, applying measures that are part of a scientifically sound agricultural system, and state support for the agricultural economy sector.
All lands located on the territory of the Russian Federation have one or another purpose. Improving the efficiency of agricultural land is an important socio-economic problem. In recent years, the control over the correct use of lands of various directions has especially intensified. One of the reasons for the strengthening of control measures is the deception by taxpayers and the understatement of the taxable base for taxes related to land. The article provides an explanation on the structure of the land fund, the purpose of agricultural land, indicates signs of using land plots in violation of Russian legislation, provides statistics on identified violations of land legislation, and also shows responsibility for improper use of land.
In the conditions of the ongoing processes of the decline of the natural fertility of agricultural lands, the urgent task is to choose the directions for improving modern land use. From the point of view of ensuring the sustainable development of agriculture, the priority of the development of any region, each subject of agribusiness should be rational land use, regardless of size and organizational and legal form. Ideally, rational land use in each specific case should be based on a balance between obtaining economic results and environmental constraints, expressed primarily in the need to maintain soil fertility. The basis for solving these tasks should be the achievement of the following priorities: limiting wind and water erosion of the soil; preventing losses of organic matter in soils; maintaining the balance of nutrients in the soil; preventing acidification and salinization of the soil; preventing soil pollution and a number of others. Their implementation requires more active introduction of favourable methods of agricultural production aimed at ensuring environmental friendliness of production and preservation of soil fertility. The most important condition is the formation of a mechanism for managing agricultural land use, the essence of which can be reduced to providing a system of incentives that would encourage the rational use of land resources.
Agriculture is one of the largest sectors, the most important constituent of the production infrastructure, and a priority sector of the economy. The development of agriculture is impossible without significant investments of financial resources, while the effective use of state support provided to agricultural organizations remains a very important issue. Among the main areas of improving the mechanism of state support for agriculture is increasing the volume of state financial support for agriculture and the quality of government support management. The paper analyzes the dynamics of the volume of state support funds in general for the Volga Federal District and the Ulyanovsk region, evaluates the effectiveness of using budget funds. When assessing the effectiveness of the state support use, it is necessary to consider that agricultural production is in a dynamic environment with many interrelated factors. Changes in the price environment, both on the agricultural market and on the commodity market, as well as other factors, can have a significant impact on the effectiveness of state support for agricultural production and the efficiency of organizations’ activity in general.
Analysis of modern scientific articles has shown that the problem of intensifying international scientific cooperation in the agricultural sector, the influence of the sponsorship system on cooperation at the international level has not been sufficiently developed. The authors analyze the statistics of scientific articles of Russian researchers with the involvement of foreign co-authors in the field of the economy of the agricultural sector based on the materials of the Internet platform Web of Science, which combines abstract databases of publications in scientific journals and patents, including databases that take into account mutual citation. In total, 2,215 articles on agricultural topics were analyzed. As a result of the analysis of publications on the economy of the agricultural sector over the past 3 years, it was found that Russian researchers publish the results of scientific work, mainly in co-authorship with representatives of Russian educational and research institutions. Thus, only 3 articles on agricultural problems were published in collaboration with foreign researchers. The problem areas for the implementation of international projects in the field of agriculture have been identified. A comparative analysis of the topics of publications by Russian researchers and topics of international grants from various organizations showed the possibility of implementing scientific projects of Russian scientists at the international level.
The vegetable oil market is one of the most capacious, saturated and highly competitive, the dynamics of which is determined by a high yield of oilseeds and an increase in production capacity by processing enterprises. Vegetable oil is a must-have product, as it is traditionally used by households for cooking. The consumption of food products, including vegetable oil, is determined by a multitude of socio-economic factors obeying the law of supply and demand. The action of the market mechanism manifests itself in complex processes that determine the state of the market, the pace and main proportions of its development. In this regard, in the study, it seems appropriate to identify the determining factors in the consumption of vegetable oil. The basis for predicting the regional level of consumption of vegetable oil is a regression model, which made it possible to determine the significant influence of the average per capita income of the population on the formation of the consumption function. Studies have shown that a change in the proportion of the population with money incomes below the subsistence level by 1% leads to an increase in vegetable oil consumption per capita by 0.81%. An increase in the per capita income of the population by 1% contributes to an increase in the consumption of vegetable oil by 1.37%. Taking into account the dynamics of the average per capita income of the population of the region, on the basis of the correlation-regression model, the level of consumption of vegetable oil was predicted until 2026.
In this article important issues of invested capital resources and distribution in large pig agro-industrial complexes were reviewed. It was revealed that with market saturation of meat and meat products in Russia, now the export development and investment structure revision become more relevant. It was shown that the growth of pork production in our country occurred mainly due to the introduction of new production facilities and expansion of the existing pig farming units. Due to the need of pork exports development, preferential use of invested capital to improve the quality parameters of domestic pig farming was stressed. That includes measures for increasing productivity of breeding herds and sow, to ensure competitiveness.
The importance of analyzing and assessing the level of financial security of agricultural enterprises in ensuring the stability of the real sector of the national economy and the need to form an integrated approach to financial security management in financial management, taking into account current business trends, is particularly important. The article formulates conclusions on the conducted research, the purpose of which was to assess the level of financial security as an element of ensuring the economic security of agricultural enterprises in the region. The methodology for determining the integral indicator of financial security is based on the most significant characteristics of the financial position of the organization: solvency, financial stability, business activity and profitability. The conclusion was made on the growth of the integral indicator of financial security of agricultural organizations of the Ulyanovsk region. The most problematic component in ensuring financial security is the business activity of agricultural organizations.
Competition is one of the important requirements for the development of any branch of the national economy and improving its efficiency, but its importance is especially great in agriculture. Modern methods of assessing competitiveness involve the use of qualitative indicators characterizing the position of the organization on the market, the market share occupied, the level of product quality, the level of use and use of modern and new technologies. More in-depth analysis allows for more effective measures to improve organizational performance. The article analyzed the main economic results of agricultural organizations of the Ulyanovsk region, conducted a combination grouping of municipal districts on the efficiency of agricultural production, market potential, and identified the main directions of their development for the future. Cherdaklinsky and Ulyanovsk municipal districts are the leading in terms of market share in agricultural production and its high growth rate.
The article discusses the risks associated with the availability of stocks at the enterprise. It is also substantiated that the construction of inventory management systems requires the development of methods that take into account the modern conditions of their functioning, technological features of production. In addition, the article discusses the methodology for the rationing of inventories. It is proposed to introduce a calculator to estimate the amount of funds required to finance operating assets in enterprise management. Using an inventory turnover of 280 days for the organization, the amount of cash needed to finance working capital in the amount of 12835 thousand roubles was determined, and the share of working capital should be 60.2% of revenue.