The article considers the potential of using the economic reserves of digital technologies for the development of the domestic agro-industrial complex. Analysis of foreign experience in the implementation of modern digital and agro-industrial complex projects allowed the authors to propose intersectional areas of innovative development of the complex in the context of its integration into the ecosystem of industry 4.0. Considerable attention is paid to the problems associated with the use of digital solutions to overcome obstacles to the development of the Russian agro-industrial complex, which was a base branch in 2020. There were ensuring import substitution of products and services of foreign suppliers, scaling up successful agro-industrial complexes at the regional level and finding financial and resource reserves for reintegration in the agro-industrial complex - production of previously unclaimed land and production resources of the complex. The probability of attracting digital solutions from related areas by an agricultural manufacturer is considered. The main obstacles in the context of the use of infrastructural digital innovations in the agro-industrial complex of Russia in 2021-2030 are highlighted. Based on the results of the analysis carried out in the article, the authors formulated the directions of digital industrialization of the agro-industrial complex.
The article is devoted to the prospects of increasing innovation activity in the agricultural sector of the country's economy, in terms of the formation of orders for research and development and the implementation of innovative developments in agro-industrial production. The necessity of improving the formation of the state task for scientific and technical research for the needs of agriculture and improving the mechanism of innovative support for agro-industrial production based on the use of the capabilities of scientific and educational formations and the Institute of Agricultural Consulting is justified. The proposed approach to the development of a mechanism for increasing the effectiveness of agro-industrial complex due to the implementation of research results from research work of scientific and educational institutions subordinate to the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia involves the organization of an open forum for the exchange of innovations, projects, ideas and practices in the scientific, educational and industrial sphere of agro-industrial complex on the site www.apknet in the public domain.
The article examines the stages of the formation and development of small forms of management in the agricultural sector of Russia and the impact on the economic indicators of the means of mechanization. An analysis of the development of agriculture in Russia in the periods from 1991 to 2004 and from 2005 to 2019 allowed the authors to conclude that in the initial period, the period of the beginning of reforms in the economy, small forms of farming developed at a higher rate than in general by the branch of agriculture. In the period from 2005 to 2019, the rate of development of small forms of farming has slightly decreased due to the development of agricultural organizations. Considerable attention is paid to the influence of the provision of agricultural production with machinery, as exemplified by the provision of tractors. The dependence of the yield of agricultural crops on the provision of production with agricultural machinery in farms of all categories and small forms of farming is considered. The study analyzes the size and number of peasant farms by land area and number of livestock. On the basis of this analysis, a fleet of equipment for private farms and private households with various production volumes was proposed. Based on the results of the analyzes carried out in the article, taking into account the standards of the need for equipment for the mechanization of production processes in plant growing and animal husbandry, the authors proposed a set of equipment for the mechanization of work in small forms of farming.
The formation of the material and technical base of agriculture is influenced by the level of development of industries producing means of production, the solvency of the agricultural sector, prices, import and export of material and technical resources, state support. Agricultural organizations are insufficiently provided with technical means and material resources. The achieved level of energy capacity (80 hp per 1 employee) and energy security (198 hp per 1 hectare of crops) do not meet the requirements of modern technologies, which hinder their use. The existing capacities for the production of agricultural machinery are not fully used. Tractor production capacities are used by 15.2%, grain harvesters-37.3%, seeders-31.5%, plows -55.1%. A significant part of the material and technical base is formed at the expense of imports. The improvement of state support for industries that produce means of production for agriculture, the development of agricultural leasing, and the increase in the effective demand of commodity producers will contribute to strengthening the material and technical base.
The economic mechanism is understood as a combination of the structure of the organization and its main activities, the system of economic relations in the process of economic activity, the growth of the economic efficiency of the enterprise. Organizational elements of the mechanism of sustainable development include: legal and legal support; regulatory support; information support. The economic elements of the mechanism are: financial and credit support; price regulation; subsidies, tax management; insurance; incentives. Each organizational and economic element has a certain degree of independence and has its own characteristics, but they are all closely interrelated and complement each other. Sustainable development of the agricultural sector of the economy should be managed within the framework of strategic priorities aimed at combining investment and scientific and technical policies, with the aim of changing the economic situation and achieving final results through the creation of new types of production, products and technologies
The agro-industrial complex is especially important in the life of any society, because it provides the population of a certain region or country with food. It is based on agricultural production. The main task is the food security of the country. A number of conditions are required to successfully solve this problem. One of them is the provision of agricultural machinery to organizations. Therefore, the sectors serving agriculture play a large role here. These are tractor and agricultural machinery, machinery for animal husbandry, the production of land reclamation equipment. For a long time, the country's agriculture developed along an extensive path. And now these processes prevail over intensive ones. Therefore, the main task of the country's agro-industrial complex is to restructure all agriculture into an intensive development path. It would be logical to introduce a section in federal law No. 264-FZ of 29.12.2006 "On the Development of Agriculture" a section on the agro-industrial complex as an integrated structure in the agrarian economy, without the existence of which agriculture could not develop positively.
The study of the effectiveness of agricultural holdings is relevant due to their role and importance in the activities of the agro-industrial complex of Russia. The analysis of the effectiveness of agricultural holdings is based on the analysis of the use of fixed assets (land), profitability of sales. During the study, the organizational and economic mechanisms of the functioning of a number of agricultural holdings of various specialties (BIN LLC, Dominant Group of Companies, PRODO Group of Companies, etc.) were studied, which made it possible to assess the effectiveness of their functioning through the identification of management problems. Key challenges and trends in the transformation of agricultural production have been identified, which significantly affect the functioning of agricultural organizations, including agricultural holding.
The increased investment attractiveness of agricultural organizations is due to the need to build capacity for sustained growth in food production and to ensure the production security of the region. An assessment of the investment attractiveness of agricultural organizations of the Ulyanovsk region according to the region showed a low investment attractiveness of agricultural organizations due to low profitability indicators. The results of the statistical grouping of municipalities of the Ulyanovsk region allow us to note that the largest is the first group with a low level of investment attractiveness, the number of which amounted to 70.0% of their total number. The cluster method made it possible to organize empirical information into relatively homogeneous cluster groups according to the synthetic indicator of the level of investment attractiveness and justify the directions of increasing investment attractiveness for agricultural organizations with low, medium and high levels of investment attractiveness.
Analyzing the institutional foundations of the mechanism of state regulation of social and labor relations, it is necessary to take into account the strict regulations for the establishment of legal regulation of labor in Russia. Meanwhile, the state should take clear steps to improve this mechanism. The institutional basis of the mechanism of state regulation of social and labor relations is determined by a number of features. The economic decline in economic sectors has led to the adoption of political, organizational and economic measures of state influence, including in the field of social and labor relations. New challenges formed a public request for the search for new mechanisms for legislative regulation of social and labor relations. In addition, the segment of social relations in terms of regulating and protecting the rights of workers in new forms of employment turned out to be relevant.
The article provides an analysis of the dynamics of the level, institutional and qualitative structure of employment in the agrosphere of the Russian Federation. A forecast of agricultural employment for the period up to 2030 is presented in the context of systemic changes in the agro-industrial complex related to the solution of tasks for the sustainable development of agricultural production, raw materials and food, sufficient to ensure food independence of the country and increase export potential; Involvement in the production of unused agricultural land, restoration and improvement of the fertility of agricultural land; creation of a high-performance sector in the rural economy, developing on the basis of modern technologies and provided with highly skilled personnel. Measures are proposed to accelerate the pace of social development of rural areas and improve agrarian education.