The presented work examines methods of conceptual identification, forecasting of behaviour and identification of characteristic models of development and functioning of agricultural macroregions, as well as managing the production of machine learning and artificial intelligence information technologies in the spatial development of the agricultural digital economy, based on dynamic technologies and mathematical methods of neural networks, implemented by certain means using computer technology related to modern language programming methods: Python and Scala in combination with standard libraries ‒ Pandas and Tensor Flow. And for effective analysis of qualitative characteristics of dynamics of evolution of economic systems there is presented a method of constructing their characteristic graphs and matrices of contiguity by linearisation of processes in a limited neighborhood using a two-layer neural network and directions of their implementation are given.
The article presents the characteristics of the development of the system of consumer cooperation of Russia in the conditions of the introduction of digitalization in the country's economy, shows the significance of consumer cooperation in the development of rural areas. In the Russian consumer cooperation system, digitalization and informatization connect all organizations and organizational structures in the field of logistics promotion of goods. Digital technologies monitor the progress of product purchases. In the context of the pandemic, many enterprises were able to restructure their activities, switch to delivering their products to customers' addresses, and organized visiting and Internet trade. Innovations should be introduced into consumer cooperation: the digital service "Cooperative Online" in the Sber system; digitalization of education in cooperative educational institutions. The introduction of digital technologies will lead to the creation of new business models.
The current stage of functioning of the agricultural sector in most developed countries is characterized by the transition to an innovative development model. A special role in the practical application of innovations belongs to small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs). The USA is characterized by high innovation activity and a well-developed incentive system for this type of activity. To support the development of innovation processes in the small and medium-sized business sector, two main programs are being implemented in the country: the Small Business Innovation Research Program (SBIR) and the Technology Transfer Program for Small Businesses (STTR), the main parameters of which are presented in the article. In the agricultural sector of the US economy, a new Agenda for Innovation in agriculture (AIA) has been approved. Within the framework of the AIA, a modern Innovative strategy for the development of agriculture is being developed, according to which the main areas of work are aimed at integrating innovative technologies and practices into the programs of the US Department of Agriculture to help accelerate their implementation by producers. It should be noted that Russia lags far behind the world's leading economies in the field of practical use of innovations. The article analyzes the problems and prospects for the development of innovative activity in the agricultural sector of Russia. Studying the US experience in stimulating innovative activity of SMEs in the agricultural sector can be useful for the domestic agro-industrial complex.
Arctic agricultural socio-ecological systems, among which reindeer herding occupies vast territories, are of great interest in terms of both the use of low-carbon energy sources and the impact on the global climate change process. In this regard, the experience of other Arctic countries is very important for Russia, which has already embarked on the path of local construction of resilient Arctic agricultural socio-ecological systems based on the development of alternative renewable energy sources. The article presents a case study that indicates the importance of Arctic reindeer herding in adapting to global climate change. At the same time, an important problem for the development of the reindeer herding is the solution of emerging conflicts between wind energy and building resilient reindeer herding socio-ecological systems. Of particular concern to reindeer herders is the installation of windmills on reindeer pastures in the tundra ecosystems, which interfere with reindeer herding. Among the possible ways to resolve conflicts is the development of a mixed economy based on a combination of traditional reindeer herding with nature conservation activities and tourism, including ethnographic and cultural tourism. It is concluded that the conservation of tundra ecosystems and traditional reindeer pastures play a significant role in the process of carbon sequestration and, accordingly, in adaptation to global climate change.
The author of the article focuses on the issues of the mechanism of investment support for the ecological and economic development of agriculture in Tajikistan in order to ensure food security, reduce poverty and, ultimately, increase the efficiency of agricultural production to achieve the competitiveness of the national economy.. An attempt is made to characterize land and water investments in the context of the transformation of resources, taking into account the specific goals of investors. An algorithm for comparative analysis of investment support and the level of agricultural production has been developed. Due to its imperfection, investors do not receive complete information about the efficiency of using their capital invested in agricultural production, and does not contribute to an increase in the level of investment attractiveness of flows. The problems that hinder the activation of investment attraction in agriculture have been identified. A solution is proposed for water management and amelioration problems, financing of measures for the maintenance and repair of general state and inter-farm networks of hydraulic structures.
The effective functioning of agriculture is the basis for the food supply of the population, thereby solving the issues of minimizing the import of agricultural products, raw materials and developing the export of food products. As practice shows, the growing pace of export activity imposes new requirements on the development of the agricultural sector. In this regard, the role of state regulation is increasing, while observing the principle of special priority for agriculture. In order to substantiate the priority of the industry, the article systematizes the functional tasks of the state both at the sectoral, intersectoral and national levels. It is they who emphasize the importance of agriculture in the socio-economic system and the role of the state in the development of the industry, and the author also proposes criteria for the priority development of agriculture, taking into account economic, social, environmental, technological and financial interests. When justifying the priority development of agriculture, it is necessary to proceed, first of all, from the dependence of agriculture on still uncontrollable natural factors, the seasonality of agricultural production, the interaction of agriculture with biological objects, and the presence of the main factor of production in agriculture - land. The issues of the development of the industry can be solved only with the integrated development of both agriculture and industrial enterprises, taking into account the influence of state regulation.
The conditions of the pandemic are increasing the urgency of food security challenges. Ecologically friendly food is of great importance, which is now perceived by the consumers not only as a fashionable trend in a healthy lifestyle, but also as a necessary condition for maintaining health, immunity and restoring the body after illnesses. In the article, the authors draw attention of readers to the role of local farmers producing environmentally friendly food. The interactions between consumers and local farmers not only create opportunities to overcome the economic crisis caused by the pandemic, but also form the basis for social interaction in the context of sustainable rural development. The aim of the study is to determine the role of local farmers in the formation of a sustainable agrifood system, as well as to identify the prospects and barriers to its development in Russia. An analysis of the legislative regulation of the production of environmentally friendly products reveals a virtually two-stage system of transition to green technologies in agriculture: products with improved environmental characteristics and organic agriculture. As a result of the study, among the opportunities for the development of local farmers, the growing interest of consumers in healthy eating, the development of digital technologies that allow organizing a communication environment for farmers and ensuring short supply chains of farm products to the final consumer are highlighted. Among the barriers to development, the limitation of demand due to the low standard of living of the country's population and the shortage of workers, which intensified during the pandemic, are highlighted.
The ongoing processes of degradation of agricultural land in Russia lead to a decline in natural fertility and limit the growth of gross yields and crop yields. All this makes it relevant to study issues related to obstacles to the formation of rational land use, which was the purpose of this work. The conducted research made it possible to group obstacles by financial-economic, organizational-technological, administrative-political and subjective groups. Financial and economic barriers are interpreted as a result of low profitability of agriculture. Reproduction of land fertility is a resource-intensive process that requires significant financial, material and labour resources. The most important problem is that the formation of rational land use requires significant costs, both current and capital, the payback of which is quite low and possible only in the long term. Administrative and political barriers are formed by a certain inconsistency of the state policy in the field of land use and the lack of an economic mechanism that would encourage the rational use of land. Organizational and technological barriers are determined by the lack of information transportability, open access to innovative technologies and often the lack of organizational opportunities to implement these technologies in practice. Subjective barriers are explained by the low level of environmental priorities in the mental models of land users and the motives for their implementation, often the lack of knowledge of the theoretical foundations, patterns, mechanisms and basic forms of ecologization of land use.
The purpose of the study is to analyze the development of agricultural land reclamation in the Amur region. Analysis of the state of the agricultural sector of the Amur region showed that in the structure of the gross agricultural output of the region, a significant share belongs to crop production, especially cultivated in the fields of the region, soybeans. In this connection, the situation related to the development of land reclamation in the region is of particular relevance. The deterioration of the operation of reclamation systems is associated with a number of reasons. One of them is that more than 80% of the reclamation systems of the Amur region are ownerless. The article outlines the priority tasks and priority directions for solving the problems of land reclamation in the region. The necessity of their restoration and reconstruction has been determined, and for this it is necessary to resolve the issue of ownership of orphan reclamation systems. Currently, the region is actively working to establish ownership of land reclamation systems. The use of digital technologies in the reclamation area will increase the efficiency of agricultural activities. The proposed algorithm for the restoration and development of land reclamation in the region will contribute to the efficient operation of agricultural production and improve the welfare of workers in their territory.
In today's world, enterprise market leadership is more determined by the rational use of available resources. The availability and quality of resources such as land, human and financial capital, as well as fixed assets, are the basis for the success of the enterprise. Therefore, it is undoubtedly important to find effective models for the rational replenishment and use of these resources. The work considered issues of effective use of fixed assets by agricultural organizations, identified the main problems of their use, among which the highest impact is: the high cost of fixed assets and a reduction in capital investments (including state), which reduce the existing opportunities for economic growth. The article considers the dynamics of indicators of the use of fixed assets and argues the need to develop a comprehensive program for the development of the agro-industrial complex.