The export promotion policy is aimed at expanding the marketing of agro-industrial products in foreign markets and relies on the support of domestic producers. The article considers the results of the introduction of export duties on cereals due to the mechanism of the "price damper" as a tool for supporting and stimulating exports. The damper mechanism is aimed at stabilizing the price situation in the domestic grain market and curbing the increase in prices for grain and its processed products, and therefore in the country's consumer market. The main disadvantage of this measure is that the lost profit of agricultural producers from the introduction of the "grain damper" is not compensated by the size of state support. Thus, the actual lost profit of agricultural exporters in grain crops for June-October 2021 amounted to $494.7 million. To improve the mechanism for supporting agricultural exports, it is necessary: the introduction of new support measures to stimulate sales in foreign markets and reimburse part of the costs of exporters' marketing programs; adjusting the conditions of support for agricultural producers and considering the real growth rate of production; The "grain damper" should be aimed at supporting domestic producers of marketable grain, at encouraging the production of high-quality grain.
The use of decentralized energy supply systems in agriculture can largely determine the increase in the energy efficiency of agricultural production and the reduction in the cost of agricultural products. Reducing dependence on a centralized order of electricity, rising fuel and capacity tariffs, stable energy supply and the ability to independently plan repairs and maintenance of power equipment allow agricultural enterprises to rationally distribute production load, optimize product costs, and increase efficiency. The possibility of technological connection to sources of heat and electricity, as well as stable and uninterrupted supply of the production complex with energy resources, is one of the most important conditions for the successful development of agricultural enterprises. Energy prices are constantly rising, and this seriously complicates the work of any business entity, especially in the agricultural sector. The issue of reducing the cost of energy supply is always relevant. The use of local energy generating sources in the agricultural sector makes it possible to reduce dependence on a sharp increase in fuel and electricity tariffs, enables agricultural enterprises to increase the reliability and stability of energy supply, rationally distribute production load, optimize production costs, and increase efficiency.
The Udmurt Republic is located in the risky agriculture zone of the Non-Black Earth Region of Russia. Evolutionary changes in agriculture have been slow, as agricultural production is largely extensive. The main manifestation of the crisis in agriculture was that there is no development of rural entrepreneurship. This constrains qualitative changes in the agricultural economy and improvements in agricultural land use. In the process of reorganization, the owners lost their land and property shares due to the lack of a legislative framework for protecting the interests of the villagers. A special place in the structural transformation of the agricultural economy in a market economy is occupied by targeted measures to improve management in various forms of economy. In a market economy, the principle of effective holacratic management of a land-use object comes to the fore.
Poor agricultural efficiency has led to the withdrawal of resources from production and the depopulation of rural settlements. Today’s agricultural relations have suppressed the rent-based sources of agricultural efficiency growth, which makes it necessary to develop rent-oriented strategies to increase the productivity of the resource potential of the agro-industrial complex. The purpose of the study – to justify rent-based efficiency gains in agriculture by assessing the organic composition of capital and by analysing rents. The article presents the results of a study on the efficiency of resource potential in agribusiness, including subsidies for the regions studied. The organic structure of the capital is calculated and analyzed, with the justification of the reasons for the withdrawal of the land resources from production turnover. Based on a comparative analysis of the organic structure of capital, common rents of agricultural efficiency have been identified.
Numerous forecasts of the use and development of water resources are not able to contain the fullness of information, to predict the consequences of technogenic processes. Created in the twentieth century, artificial reservoirs - reservoirs, were among the natural transformations, which over time have lost the ability to self-repair and self-purify. Mathematical models of water systems development built on the basis of hydrological, morphological and climatic data are able to predict metabolic processes and determine optimal approaches to their rehabilitation. In deterministic models, the identification of dominant organisms and the determination of conditions for achieving a balance between different groups of microalgae can serve as priority goals. International practice uses physical, chemical and bioengineering methods to restore reservoirs. During the study, it was proved that the most sparing technologies are biological ones. The positive effect of the introduction of green microalgae – Chlorella vulgaris into the reservoirs was confirmed. During the algolization of the bays of the Tsimlyansk reservoir with the Chlorella vulgaris strain IFR No. C-111, the calculated “desirability index” reached 0.71. In the course of the study, a program for the algolization of natural reservoirs (reservoirs) was developed, Certificates of state registration of computer programs were obtained, which will allow the territorial authorities and entrepreneurs to carry out the algolization of reservoirs more efficiently.
The formation of human capital is a priority task of any industry. The agricultural sector ensures the food security of the country, the reproduction of human capital within the system can be considered a successful model for the transfer of skills, knowledge, experience and skills. The importance of factors for the reproduction of human capital is also confirmed by the active career guidance work of the industry, the existence of separate branch universities with dual subordination, the Ministry of Science and Higher Education and the Ministry of Agriculture. Universities are one of the fundamental institutional formations, the purpose of which is the formation of human capital for a specific industry - the training of qualified human resources. Nevertheless, after studying at branch agricultural universities, only 43% of graduates work in their specialty. The purpose of the study is to develop a mechanism for interaction between agricultural universities and the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation for the implementation of new directions on the basis of the university, the projected need for which will arise in the near future. Methods of structural and comparative analysis, econometric, sociometric methods, as well as expert assessment were used to create the mechanism. The proposed methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of the educational process was tested in one of the regional technical universities and showed low effectiveness of the educational process, the reason for which is initially the poor quality of the organization of career guidance activities.
Russia and Kazakhstan are one of the largest wheat grain producers in the world, with a total production of about 100 million tons in 2020. The export component makes a significant contribution to the profitability of the sub-sector, since the export of wheat grain from Russia and Kazakhstan in 2020 amounted to about 38 million tons and 6 million tons, respectively. Despite significant volumes of wheat grain exports, Russia and Kazakhstan import the most important products of its deep processing from abroad. The unsustainable ratio of grain exports to imports of their products causes significant damage to the agro-industrial complex of each country. In this regard, the creation of an interstate cluster for deep grain processing on the principles of public-private partnership is becoming relevant. The article analyzed the current state of wheat grain production, including in the border subjects of Russia and Kazakhstan, reviewed the experience of countries with a developed industry of deep grain processing, and also analyzed the most popular products of deep grain processing on the Russian market. The creation of a cross-border cluster (Russia-Kazakhstan) on the basis of a public-private partnership for the deep processing of wheat grains into products with high added value, as well as the calculation of the economic efficiency of creating a cluster with a second degree of deep processing of grain of this crop, which provides the greatest synergistic effect, is justified.
Currently, the meat market is experiencing an increase in the rental struggle caused by the financial and economic crisis, as well as the influence of imports of more price-competitive products, which does not allow Russian producers to fully use the existing potential for the production and sale of meat. The authors systematized the main trends in the meat market, which predetermined the main factors affecting the market. The pandemic has adversely affected many sectors of life, causing huge damage not only to the economy, but also to the livestock industry, such as global meat production and the supply chain. Preventive measures taken by a number of countries included travel restrictions, border controls and lockdowns in countries that had severe implications for production and the rate chain. The production and processing of meat has been compromised by difficulties in procuring productive resources such as animal feed, restrictions on the transport of live animals, including seasonal restrictions on border crossings, access to professional services and labour, and restrictions on the supply of meat and meat products to markets. The article proposes a number of proposals to preserve different stages of the supply chain in order to combat serious pandemic situations in the future.
The involvement of algal resources in the economic activities of the Kamchatka Territory is an urgent task. The article assesses the possibilities and limitations of involving algal resources in production chains and in the economy of the region. An expert assessment of certain aspects of the development of algal economic turnover made it possible to obtain a "controllability-influence" matrix. It has been established that aspects related to the initiative of the state are positive and manageable - the authorities of the region have the greatest opportunities to stimulate the extraction and production of products from kelp algae, both in terms of organizing this activity and in terms of its financing. It was revealed that the limitations are associated with the lack of quantitative data on the volume of resources and the lack of innovative technologies for their processing. The problems of involving algal resources in the economic turnover of the Kamchatka Territory are presented at the macro- and macroeconomic levels. It was found that due to the underdevelopment of the algae market, macroeconomic problems are the most significant. At the level of enterprises in the region, the problems of organizing business processes to involve algal resources in economic circulation are identified.
Factors of the external and internal environment have an influence on the level of activity of entrepreneurial activities of organizations, the strategy of adapting them to the structural changes taking place in the country's economy. On the basis of the study of intersectoral relations in the dairy segment of the participants of the NP "Labour Productivity and Employment Support", a generalized description of the economy of the subjects in three manifestations is given, similarities and differences are highlighted. Based on the proposed proposal, behavioural options are proposed that characterize the level of entrepreneurial activity. An assessment of price parity indicators was carried out, including the equivalence coefficient of inter-industry exchange, taken as the basis for ranking the analyzed enterprises of the dairy block with the allocation of groups to determine the types of adaptive behaviour. For a more detailed assessment of enterprises with different types of adaptive behaviour, indicators of marginal analysis were calculated.