Today the question of the directions of development of food and processing industries is becoming the most relevant. It is the direction of the development of these industries that will allow, on the one side, to increase the food security of the population of the region, on the other hand, rational consumption standards will be achieved. Together, all this will improve the quality of life of the population, and in regions dominated by mining and manufacturing industries, diversify the economy. The article is devoted to identifying opportunities and determining prospects for the introduction of production facilities for processing agricultural raw materials in an industrial region on the example of the Kemerovo region – Kuzbass. Based on the identified features and established reserves, the territorial aspects of the placement of food and processing industries in the region are formulated. In order to increase the efficiency of food and processing industries, the authors propose the implementation of strategic directions in two stages: the introduction of high-tech industries for the processing of eggs and egg products, potatoes at the first stage, then for the production of grain, milk, meat, vegetables on the basis of regions - leaders in, which will allow producing not only semi-finished products, but also finished products, functional food products.
The paper analyzes certain regional aspects of increasing the efficiency of agriculture based on the integrated use of zonal differences in soil fertility. It has been established that the natural and climatic conditions of the Ryazan region are relatively favourable for the cultivation of grain crops, potatoes, vegetables, perennial and annual grasses, horticulture, and fodder crops and livestock development. The author's proposals are also given on the introduction of a system of measures to optimize the structure of sown areas in relation to all natural and economic zones of the region under study. The forecast calculations showed that the food sustainability of the region will increase if the composition and ratio of food, technical and feed crops are diversified. The development of production of crops (soybeans, rapeseed) new to the region should be effectively combined with the norms recommended by science for sowing oats, millet, mustard, flax, perennial and annual herbs, etc. It is advisable to use measures of differential economic support for agricultural producers specializing in the cultivation of the most valuable food and technical crops.
The global problem of the agro-industrial complex, despite the programs for the development of agriculture and rural areas adopted and implemented in recent years, continues to be the low competitiveness of products, accompanied by a decrease in the financial results of agricultural producers. The solution to this problem can be the most rational use of labour resources, which contributes to economic growth in agriculture. This issue is especially relevant in grain production, which is a strategic sector of the economy, ensures food security, determines social and economic stability in the country, financial and economic indicators of agricultural producers, and, consequently, the level of quality of life of workers in the agro-industrial complex. The relevance of the study of problems related to labour productivity in the grain sub-complex is due to the high labour intensity of grain production, which is caused by the low level of qualification of the industry workers, insufficient technical equipment of agricultural production, which requires the search for additional reserves that contribute to improving the efficiency of the use of labour resources.
The functioning of domestic dairy cattle breeding is determined by the variety of climatic and socio-economic conditions, the combination of which determines the feasibility of the development of various types of farming. Currently, trends in milk production volumes are largely shaped by factors of intensive development, as evidenced by the increase in milk production against the background of a decrease in the number of dairy herds. At the same time, the structural proportions by categories of farms in the regions of Russia differ significantly. Thus, the average values in the country indicate the practical parity of the production of small forms of management and enterprises, while in the Volgograd region, small forms of management continue to prevail in milk production, which are characterized by the use of outdated technologies, low production efficiency, the prevalence of the social component in the development of agribusiness. At the same time, there is a high concentration of milk production in the segment of agricultural organizations, as well as the industrial nature of economic activity, which provides a transitional state of reproduction, from simple to expanded, taking into account significant state support. The limitation of intensive growth is due to the high capital intensity of technological innovations in dairy cattle breeding. As a result, the actual parameters of milk production in relation to its consumption form a shortage of products, the level of which is significantly reduced in the field of processing, emphasize the high proportion of imported raw materials. The deviation of production volumes from milk consumption leads to the need for a more dynamic growth of milk production and dairy products. At the same time, the investment opportunities of the overwhelming majority of commodity producers indicate a greater demand for organizational and marketing innovations in dairy cattle breeding. In this regard, ensuring the digital transformation of economic processes in the organization, management and sale of agricultural food will contribute to the development of cooperation of agribusiness entities and saving transaction costs, which will create new conditions for increasing innovation activity in the dissemination of capital-intensive technological innovations that will accelerate the pace of milk production.
Interregional linkages are an integral part of the economic development of the region. At the same time, they can be considered as economic ties between the regions of Russia on food supply issues. Interregional production linkages linked to the domestic food market have been assessed. On the example of the Voronezh region, an indicator of the feasibility of importing and exporting sunflower oil, milk and sugar was considered. The formation and development of interregional food relations is influenced by a large variety of factors and conditions: natural-climatic, economic, organizational and administrative-legislative. The current state of the agrarian economy and the food market requires a qualitatively new development of interregional and inter sectoral relations between regions, based on mutual interest and the ability to become a priority for increasing the production of scarce types of products and the rational use of food resources. The main directions of support of the state for interregional raw materials and food relations are shown. The marketing approach is economically feasible, it will make it possible to build a strategy for the agro-food market, the development and provision of all participants in food and raw materials relations with the necessary information and relevant documentation.
In the conditions of a сoronavirus pandemic, political and economic sanctions on the relation of Russia the reformatting of the purposes of development of the country issued by the decree and orders of the Russian President, orders of the Government of the Russian Federation is manufactured in the Russian Federation. Respectively there is necessary an actualization of activities and for the agrarian sector of economy in territorial subjects of the Russian Federation. In Perm Krai the development of strategy of social-economic development in which a certain place is taken by the agrarian sector of economy which for increase in the competitiveness at the level of the enterprises and the organizations begins to perceive international standards of activity in the form of ESG strategy is begun. In a research the place of the agrarian sector of economy of the region in the system of goal-setting of Russia is structurally defined, its updating in the light of decisions at the federal and regional levels taking into account international standards of activity is made. The conclusion is drawn that ESG strategizing in the agrarian sector of economy of the region for achievement of the national purposes allows it to be a part of the system organically of goal-setting of the Russian Federation at the present stage.
Milk and dairy products are a mandatory element of the full diet of the population. The purpose of the study is to study the problems of the development of dairy cattle breeding and milk production. The analysis revealed an increase in milk production in agricultural organizations and a decrease in production in households, a decrease in the number of cows while increasing their productivity, reduction of sown area of fodder crops, reduction of milk production consumption and increase of personal consumption. Agricultural organizations have increased milk production due to intensive factors (increasing milk yield per cow), and not due to extensive factors (increasing the number of cows). To increase milk production in the Russian Federation, it is necessary to increase the number of cows, improve the production of feed, introduce standardized feeding everywhere and reduce milk losses when used.
The article examines the impact of measures of mutual struggle between Russia and the countries of the collective west in the foreign trade of food in the period from 2014 to 2020, as well as state support on the processes of formation and use of resources of seed crops in the country. It was established that in Russia there is an increase in the production of fruits of the main domestic fruit crop - apple trees - due to the laying of intensive orchards in commercial forms of management. During the period under review, the import of apples and pears into the country decreased by 20 and 40 per cent, respectively, as well as the country structure of imports of these fruits changed. Deliveries of fruits from EC countries were partially replaced by deliveries from the CIS countries, South America, Africa, Turkey and Serbia. In the structure of apple imports, unauthorized deliveries (more than 15%) occupy a large share without a statement from the country of origin. The presence of such food on the market reduces the effectiveness of protectionist measures to support the increase in domestic production of industrial gardening. During the analyzed period, the volume of apples going for industrial processing increased the type structure of production of fruit processing products in the country changed. In recent years, there has been an increase in the production of baby food, fruit and berry jams, mashed potatoes and a decrease in the production of fruit juices. The raw materials for these types of production remain mainly im-tailor products. To activate the processes of import substitution in the production of fruits and their processed products, it is necessary to increase the volume and targeting of state support in the processes of laying intensive gardens, the formation of modern production infrastructure, the selection of fruit and berry crops, the creation and support of nursery breeding, phytosanitary and varietal control of the produced planting material.
Theoretical, methodological and applied aspects of the application of economic and mathematical methods in the development of managerial decisions in the economy of the regional agro-industrial complex are considered. The problems of accurate quantitative assessment of the efficiency of resource use and taking into account their availability, substantiation of optimal options for development and functioning of regional AIC. Model object example revealed and proved the possibility of practical application of methods of economic and mathematical modeling in increasing and achieving maximum indicators of economic efficiency. The substantiation of the model program for optimizing the parameters of the development of the model object of southwestern Belarus was implemented in 2020, based on the actually achieved indicators of the functioning and development of the economy for 2017-2018. A developed stochastic optimization economic and mathematical model of the upper level was developed to calculate optimal development parameters according to the criterion of optimality maximum mathematical expectation of profit. Based on the results of the solution of the economic and mathematical model, recommendations were developed on optimal parameters of intra-farm land use. The improvement of quantitative and qualitative indicators of the functioning and development of the branches of the model facility on the basis of economic and mathematical methods of optimization as a whole will increase the level of production of marketable products by 3.7%, and labour productivity - by 5.8%.
Regional economic differences have been formed under the influence of various factors and barriers. Basically, this is the availability of natural resources, placement, population density, quality of human capital. The existing specialization of the regions is quite stable. Infrastructure development does not always compensate for the negative impact of factors such as low population density, remoteness from sales markets or limited domestic demand. Under the conditions of the imposition of sanctions, only those territories that had competitive advantages, mainly resource ones, were able to adapt. In order to give a new impetus to the development of the agro-industrial complex economy, it is necessary to deepen the specialization of agricultural production, improve its placement, taking into account competitive advantages. At the same time, the development of the industry should be based on the use of favourable natural and economic conditions for the production of agricultural products.