Holding companies are the most common form of agro-industrial integration. The main advantages of large integration structures in the agro-industrial complex include the possibility of diversifying production, the availability of modern infrastructure, possibly the introduction of new technologies, the availability of financial resources, and the possibility of entering the sales markets of products. It was noted that large integration agro-industrial business structures, in the current conditions, have more opportunities to diversify their production compared to small and medium-sized enterprises. These processes determine the strategic importance of streamlining integration processes in the agro-industrial complex. The study emphasizes that now it is advisable to develop large integration business structures with a single cycle "production - processing - marketing" of finished products that can actively use new equipment and equipment, introduce new technologies, modernize existing production, and solve issues related to import substitution. The increase in competitiveness of enterprises included in large agro-industrial business structures is due to the presence of intersectoral exchange within a large structural unit. Accordingly, the formation of large agro-industrial associations is advisable to build on the basis of the active development of priority sectors of the agro-industrial complex with the development of logistics, ensuring the reduction of the chain of intermediaries in the production of finished products and bringing it to the end consumer or trading network. In conclusion, it was concluded that large integration business structures are able to actively withstand the challenges and patterns that currently exist in the Russian economy, ensuring food security and guaranteeing the stable development of the agro-industrial complex.
The study assesses the current state and efficiency of the functioning of the beet industry of the Ulyanovsk region. The results of the study revealed the main problems of the industry development. Gross sugar beet production decreased by 207.6 thousand tons or 37.6% over a ten-year period in the region.It was due to a significant reduction in the sown area of the crop by 10.9 thousand hectares or 52%. The yield of sugar beet is unstable, depends on natural and climatic conditions, below the average values for the Volga Federal District. The financial indicators of the industry are declining, the profit in 2020 decreased by 60% compared to 2016. In the dynamics of recent years, there has been a steady decline in the fleet of beet harvesting equipment and fertilizer application. The volume of sugar beet harvesting by local producers decreased to 75.7%. The shortage of raw materials from regional producers increased 6.2 times over the analyzed period. The development and effective functioning of beet farming in the region is based on the possibility of increasing the gross harvest of sugar beet. The increase in sugar beet production in the region is justified by the expansion of the sown area by 3,537 hectares, and an increase in yield by 45 c/ha.
Food security issues in the context of regional conflicts and sanctions wars are becoming a priority in ensuring the independence of the state, the stability of its functioning and development. Our country has a wide variety of different natural resources, including lands suitable for agricultural production, which allows us to meet our needs for almost all major types of food. But, nevertheless, there are still some types for which import is required. Basically, these are those types of crop production that cannot be cultivated in our country due to natural and climatic conditions. Stable supply of such types of food from other countries is possible only if there are long-term international agreements on mutually beneficial terms. The most effective form of such international cooperation is economic unions, including the Eurasian Economic Union. The advantage of the economic union is that it allows you to take into account the interests of all its members as much as possible, simplifies the movement of all types of resources and goods, allow you to pay for them in national currencies. The Common Economic Space ensures the most optimal use of the resources of its member countries on the basis of the international division of labour.
At the regional level, case studies on resilience and innovative development of northern and arctic food systems have been conducted in Canada's Northwest Territories (NWT). As a result, sub-components of the NWT agri-food system were identified. In the natural sub-system, the predominant components are climate, soils and ecosystems. The more common components of the social sub-system include policy, rules, governance and socio-cultural norms. Knowledge and access to resources are the predominant sub-components of the core system services, while production and consumption are the major sub-components of the system's core activities. It has been established that the innovative development of food systems in the NWT is constrained by high transport costs and export tariffs for expensive food products, which negatively affects the profitability of food producing companies. In many rural and remote areas, there is a general shortage of labour, and especially of highly qualified specialists, which can become an obstacle to the development of the industry. Other obstacles include the difficulty of introducing new food products, as well as new innovative technologies already in use in more southern areas. Government programs to support agri-food systems in some cases cause economic headwinds for local food producers, as the subsidized cost of imported food is often lower than the actual cost of food produced in the north. An additional challenge for food production in Canada's NWT is the implementation of "Complex Land Claims (CLCs)". While the regulation of the CLCs has empowered indigenous and local people in many ways, the specific articles contained in these agreements have also created obstacles to the development of the food industry, with most regional CLCs banning the commercial sale of traditional foods.
The article considers the importance of peasant (farm) farms in the conditions of the multi-layered agrarian economy of Russia, the economic and legal situation of peasant (farm) farms, as well as analyzed the economic indicators of peasant (farm) farms in the Russian Federation for the production of basic types of products for 2010-2020. The aim of the study is to assess the actual state of peasant (farm) farms in modern economic conditions in the Russian Federation. The methodological tools of the study include mathematical methods of processing statistical data, a logical (analysis, synthesis, generalization) method. The study was based on normative legal acts of the Russian Federation, official materials of state statistics. Currently, the share of peasant (farm) farms and individual entrepreneurs in the total volume of agricultural production is 15%. Due to sectoral characteristics, peasant (farmer) farms can, with the appropriate support of the state, independently carry out almost the entire range of agricultural production at a relatively small production base and independently, without intermediaries, supply their volume of products to stores and markets.
Guided by the norms of the legislation of the Russian Federation, we can make an unambiguous conclusion about the ban on the export of vehicles used in the agro-industrial complex to landfills, since at the end of their service life they are subject to mandatory disposal. One of the reasons for this is the fact that the storage of obsolete agricultural machines that are not used directly for their intended purpose leads to an irrational use of free space from the point of view of usefulness. In addition, this technique causes damage to the human body and the natural environment due to the fact that it is a source of such harmful substances as asbestos, lead, and various acids. If we consider this issue from a long-term perspective, then the process of processing and disposal of agricultural machinery as a result of a number of actions aimed at improving and optimizing this process, in addition to eliminating the threat of environmental pollution, can lead to savings in the production of various goods through the use of recycling schemes.
Reliability and uninterrupted power supply in modern conditions is becoming one of the most important factors affecting the efficient and stable operation of agricultural producers. At the same time, a reasonable assessment of damage from interruptions in the electricity supply to agriculture is becoming an increasingly important issue in modern conditions, since this allows you to determine the necessary and sufficient level of reliability of the energy system to provide electricity, reduce risks and increase the efficiency of resource allocation for agricultural enterprises. The main methodological approaches to the determination of damage from power interruptions include comparison methods (including indirect assessment), expert methods, and calculation methods. Taking into account the disadvantages and limitations of the current methods of assessing damage resulting from power interruptions, the use of a calculation and analysis method is proposed, which assesses the various types of damage that arise (material, social, environmental components).
The acceleration of the pace of scientific and technological progress in modern conditions is accompanied by the manifestation of a complex of numerous phenomena, a variety of directions, the realization of scientific achievements in the life of society, in the process of gradual transfer of individual human functions, and the performance of complex production operations by technical means. In the future, improving the machine complex as a whole, changing each link taking into account changes in other links will allow automating and digitalizing production at a qualitatively new technical and technological level, implementing progressive innovative methods of organizing and managing production. In the machine complex, human actions are replaced by the force of nature in such a way that the complex is a created productive force, manifested only if lively labour is attracted. The evolution of technology stimulates the activities of the scientific community in the technical and technological segment, contributes to the formation of new technological frameworks in the country's economy. At the same time, it was established that the basis for changing the technological structure is the fundamental changes in the development of productive forces, not only technological progress, but also the renewal of the labour force, which should have competencies that meet the requirements of the new technological structure.
The paper considers aspects of innovation potential and the state of technological entrepreneurship in the Russian Federation. The results of the study showed that despite the importance of technological entrepreneurship at the present stage of development, this type of entrepreneurship does not have a unified approach to understanding its essence. To determine the state of technological entrepreneurship development, the key factors of its development were identified, an analysis of the cost structure by federal districts was carried out, and effective performance indicators were considered. The obtained results allowed us to establish the existence of a direct relationship between investments in technology, technological activity of organizations and the dynamics of gross domestic product, which determined the scientific novelty of this study. Studies have shown that the development of technological entrepreneurship has an extremely positive impact on the growth of the country's economic potential. The most influential factors are: the volume of innovative products and the number of advanced technologies used.
The existing climate change trends are the most significant for agriculture, and, consequently, for the regions of agro-industrial specialization. Determining how regions of this type can adapt to climate change is critical to improving the resilience of agriculture and ensuring food security. The changing climate and technological progress are among the key factors for the effectiveness of agriculture, which must be taken into account simultaneously. The definition of the conceptual framework for adaptation of the region to climate change is presented; the set of data and variables used in the climate model; empirical result and its discussion. The proposed climate model can be applied for timely adaptation to changing climatic conditions at the regional level. The region considered in the article is the Altai Territory. Deduction, scientific abstraction, logical method, analysis, methods of analogy and economic and mathematical modeling are applied. The results of the study are important for regional agricultural policy in the face of climate change.