The article considers modern organizational and economic approaches to the formation of innovative policy in the agricultural sector of the Russian economy in the face of unprecedented Western sanctions. Problems have been identified that hinder the solution of strategic tasks of scientific and technological development in the country. The high significance of the Federal Scientific and Technical Program for the Development of Agriculture for 2017-2025 as the main direction of agricultural development in the conditions of the sanctions struggle was noted. The main sectoral priorities of scientific and technological development of agro-industrial sectors are listed, which should be coordinated with business, scientific and scientific-educational community. The use of a practical-oriented approach to the study of priority anti-sanction measures for the scientific and technological development of the agricultural sector made it possible to justify the need to use appropriate mechanisms and tools of state support for the industry. It is shown that in modern economic conditions, the development of the agricultural sector of the economy should be based on an integration approach in conjunction with harmonized mechanisms and instruments of the EAEU countries. It is justified and proposed for the introduction in the Eurasian space of various kinds of industry unions (for example, breeders and seed growers) of cross-border clusters on the basis of public-private partnership. The issues discussed in the article may be included in the concept of innovative development of the agro-industrial complex of Russia for the medium and long term.
For the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union, the formation of a sustainable system for ensuring food security is a priority. The article provides an analysis of its condition in the EAEU countries within the framework of the rating of the Global Food Security Index, as well as the level of self-sufficiency of the EAEU in the main types of agricultural products and food. The dynamics and structure of imports of high-tech means of production for agriculture as a factor in the sustainable functioning of the industry are presented. In addition, an overview of the main measures taken within the EAEU in order to resolve import substitution issues is provided. It was concluded that it is necessary to form mechanisms for ensuring food security at the supranational level with the provision of certain guarantees to the EAEU countries.
The article examines the relationship between the categories "economic mechanism" and "organizational-economic mechanism". The economic mechanism is proposed to be considered as a set of regulators that determine the possibilities and limitations of the development of individual entities operating in a particular environment, and the regulations of intra-system and inter-system interactions. As the key regulators that form the economic mechanism, it is proposed to single out legal, political, administrative, organizational, economic, social, environmental and other regulators. It is noted that such an approach can be used to describe the content of the economic mechanism only at the macroeconomic level, since at the level of economic entities there are somewhat different principles for organizing economic systems and intra-system interactions, methods and tools for influencing the functioning of their individual elements. The proposed approach to the disclosure of the content of the category "organizational and economic mechanism" is based on the understanding of the mechanism as a way of organizing economic systems, as well as their inherent intra-system and inter-system interactions. The author's approach to describing the content of the organizational and economic mechanism is proposed to be called structural and functional, since the structure of the mechanism (its element-by-element composition) is determined based on the functions implemented by the mechanism, the structure of the system itself and the external environment, and conditions that allow the mechanism to implement its functions. The functional complexity of the organizational and economic mechanism objectively allows the need to use the principle of decomposition, which implies its consideration as a set of mechanisms of a lower level, the subject area of which is localized within a separate function or any process. The views presented in the article on the problem of revealing the essence of the organizational and economic mechanism and its composition are an invitation to discussion.
All state strategies for the development of the forest complex contain mainly quantitative indicators, that is, a change in the amount per unit of time, for example, logging, forest reproduction, timber harvesting per year, and so on. But, the trend of declining forest quality is completely ignored, due to the use of an extensive forest management model. Therefore, most of the operating areas transferred under the lease agreement for timber harvesting lose their original value after the first years of use. Obviously, the inaction of the institutional policy of the state in the forest industry impedes the rational use of forest resources and leads to severe, ineffective restrictions on the economic activities of forest users. Such an institutional environment does not reduce the size of the shadow economy in the logging industry. To encourage effective entrepreneurship in the forest sector, systemic measures are required in the system of national, sectoral and regional forest policies, which implies the need for thorough institutional analysis.
The article presents a methodology for identifying interregional differences in the levels of development of the domestic food and processing industry, assessing their impact on the export potential of the industry in the regions and substantiating proposals to identify new "growth points" of the food industry in the agro-food complex of the country. The dynamics of food exports and imports for the period from 2010 to 2020 is analyzed according to the federal districts of the Russian Federation, which made it possible to identify uneven export growth at the same time with virtually unchanged imports, against the background of a disproportionate increase in production in the food industry over the same period of time. A general integral indicator developed earlier by the author is proposed as a generalizing indicator of interregional differences. Using statistical analysis methods, it is proved that interregional differences have an impact on the absolute indicators of food exports. The proposals on differentiation of state support for regional "growth points" in the agro-industrial complex are presented, provided that the country's food security is ensured.
Features of the agricultural sector of the economy affect the financing of the reproduction process of the means of production. The most important factor, in our opinion, is the volume of capital investments in the industry. The main task of the state in the near future is to increase the level of purchasing power of agricultural enterprises through the use of direct subsidies. Undoubtedly, the volume of investments in the fixed assets of agriculture should increase from 3% to 6-7% in the structure of federal budget expenditures. An instrument to support agricultural enterprises by the Government may be the compensation of their expenses for the purchase of expensive equipment, tractors, combines. This will increase the pace of renewal of fixed assets of farmers, as well as the volume of sales of products of suppliers of means of production for the village. In the context of limited financial resources, the urgent task of increasing the efficiency of using fixed assets of agricultural organizations is the choice of the most priority sources of financing the reproduction of funds, which is also typical for the agricultural sector of the economy of the Ulyanovsk region. The article analyzes the current state of financing investment activities in agricultural organizations of the Ulyanovsk region, including at the expense of own sources, borrowed funds and state support for the reproduction process in the industry, as well as trends and patterns of changes in performance indicators of the use of sources of financing the reproduction of fixed assets in agricultural organizations Ulyanovsk region.
Agriculture of the Russian Federation in recent years has had an impressive pace of development, one of the unsolved problems of which is the training of qualified personnel. Now in the world there is an increase in the role of the latest technologies at enterprises, so the business needs specialists who are ready to independently work in modern technologies and at the same time be competent in the field of information technology, as well as be able to maintain constantly complicating equipment. This situation requires a systematic solution, since it will be extremely difficult for Russian food producers in the future to compete in promising international markets. In accordance with world trends in the country, it is worth waiting for the optimization and enlargement of the network of specialized universities and scientific centres. On their basis, it is possible to develop international laboratories, centres for interaction between universities and corporations, sites for the experimental production of food, technology transfer centres and business incubators.
The article deals with the problems of the efficiency of the training of research and academic staff as a leading factor in the strategic development of the agricultural industry. Industry documents from USA and EU define the intensity of research and development as one of the leading trends in the development of the industry. The article provides an analysis of the educational level of able-bodied population in the EU member states, USA and Russia. A comparative analysis of the training program for research and academic staff in the postgraduate study of the leading Russian agricultural university and the educational programs of master's and doctoral studies of the leading foreign agricultural university is presented in the article. The authors substantiate the necessity to improve the efficiency of training research and academic staff as a factor stimulating the strategic development of the agricultural industry. The authors of the article developed and presented recommendations for improving the efficiency of training research and academic staff in Russian universities. Highly qualified research and academic staff of agriculture shall ensure the strategic development of the agricultural sector by increasing the intensity of scientific research and development.
Farming is a step for the transition from subsidiary farming to medium and large agricultural businesses. The formation and development of farms, due to its specifics, requires financial and economic mechanisms of support from the state. The study used statistical methods, structural and analytical. An analysis of grant state support for peasant farms was carried out, features and problems of their functioning were identified, and recommendations were proposed to improve the instruments of state support for farms. There is a need to regularly analyze and assess the level of effectiveness of the state tools used to support peasant (farm) farms, including through sociological research in order to transform the implemented state programs for the active development of agriculture.
Comparison of global and domestic trends emerging in the markets of poultry products, analysis of the self-sufficiency of Russian regions in terms of eggs and poultry meat made it possible to state the presence of a market potential for poultry products in the form of unfilled niches and to forecast the structure of target markets. The results of the online survey were divided into five blocks: the characteristics of the target audience of the respondents, the preferences of buyers when buying meat livestock products and food eggs, the factors that determine the purchasing choice in terms of their importance, the main obstacles when making a purchase of poultry products, the existing and potential assortment portfolio of poultry products. It has been established that the leading positions in poultry farming are retained by chicken farming, and in the future, a significant shift in the target markets of poultry products is not expected. The increase in the market potential of poultry products will be carried out by saturating the demand in the domestic market for the industry's products at the expense of niche segments, that is, products obtained from non-traditional types of poultry, and, accordingly, changing the supply structure in the direction of increasing their market share.