The market risk of the agricultural supply chain is mainly the uncertainty of the market price and the unpredictability of the demand market, etc. Uncertainty in the market price leads to the fact that the subject of production suffers losses, and changing market demand forces the entire supply chain to adjust the production plan. Agricultural products place high demands on logistics services. Logistics services have faced difficulties in the context of the epidemic, not only facing increased inspection and quarantine, but also the transportation of products has become difficult to a certain extent, and there is a risk of interruption in the logistics of delivering agricultural products in some regions. In this regard, managing the risks of exporting processed agricultural products is important for the regions and the country as a whole [1]. According to our research, the distribution of other risk groups is as follows: logistical and infrastructure risks, financial risks, management and operational risks, political risks, supply risks, political and regulatory risks, and demand risks. This demonstrates the importance of supporting sector management in order to ensure the efficient functioning of entire supply chains.
In order to achieve profitability growth and sustainable development of agriculture, it is important for agribusiness to maximize the use of innovative technologies. About 75% of farms in developed countries use intelligent technologies in agricultural production. On the territory of the Russian Federation, only large agricultural holdings actively invest and implement digital solutions, which is due to the high capital intensity of such solutions. New approaches and directions, such as "Intelligent Agriculture", "Precision agriculture", "Intelligent Agriculture", digitalization in agriculture are based on the use of modern automated systems for monitoring and controlling technological processes, global positioning systems, information technology and other innovative digital devices. The authors highlighted the advantages of using modern digital technologies in agricultural organizations, noted the most significant solutions currently used in farms.
For centuries, the agro-industrial complex has been the key to the material and social well-being of the population, as well as the guarantor of the food security of the state. Over the past decades, the agricultural industry has seen a decrease in the number of not only managers and specialists, but also workers of mass professions. The rate of influx of young workers does not meet the needs of agricultural organizations for the effective development of agricultural production. There is an unpreparedness of agricultural personnel for innovative farming, which is associated with their insufficient qualifications. To solve the problems posed, it is necessary to create a unified system of strategic planning documents, which together are designed to create a favourable environment for the formation, distribution and use of labour resources in agriculture. Strategic planning in the Stavropol Territory, despite the lack of a strategy for the development of the regional agro-industrial complex, is an essential element of agriculture, which is represented by a set of methods, methods and management functions for the most rational distribution of resources between the areas of the agro-industrial complex.
The article is devoted to the organization of training of young professionals who are able to successfully perform production tasks after graduation in accordance with the requirements of industry 4.0. The development and implementation of robotics, artificial intelligence and other "end-to-end" technologies actualizes the problem of training engineering personnel. Under the conditions of the new technological paradigm, it is necessary to change the system of teaching students in universities. The practices of training future engineers to work in the conditions of industry 4.0, capable of developing the country's economy, ensuring its competitiveness at the world level, are characterized by high professionalism, initiative, creative approach to decision-making and high responsibility for the results of their engineering activities are analyzed. The problem of training such engineers lies in the conservatism of the higher education system and the underdevelopment of teachers who are able to influence the content and critically evaluate the educational programs of universities. A specific solution is proposed to improve the system of interaction between universities and employers in order to train in-demand engineering personnel, whose work can contribute to Russia's entry into the global market for the development of "end-to-end" technologies demanded by industry 4.0.
Innovative development of agriculture should be defined as a continuous process of functioning of the industry based on the application of scientific achievements and advanced practical experience in order to obtain competitive products and meet the needs of the population with high-quality food. Dairy cattle breeding in the economy of agricultural organizations of the Ulyanovsk region occupies one of the leading positions, determines the specialization of the region among the livestock industries. In this regard, the development of innovative processes is important for improving the effectiveness of the development of the industry. For a comprehensive assessment of innovation potential, it is necessary to use a systematic approach, which is based on a multi-criteria analysis of the effectiveness of the use of innovations. Assessment of a group of indicators for assessing the innovative potential of agricultural enterprises of municipalities (production and marketing, socio-economic and financial-investment) and the calculation of the cumulative integral index of their innovation potential allowed us to determine the types of their potential activity and justify the potential opportunities in the use of innovations.
The article considers organizational and economic approaches to import substitution of crop seeds in the Russian Federation, which are highly dependent on foreign producers. The risks, opportunities and prospects for the development of domestic crop production are shown in connection with the negative consequences of the introduction of tough anti-Russian sanctions. In accordance with paragraph 3 of Article 5 of the Federal Law "On Seed Production," the coordination of scientific research in the field of seed production is entrusted by the Government of the Russian Federation to the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia. A conceptual model of crop breeding and seed production in the country was proposed and proposals were made for its adaptation to the conditions for increasing risks and uncertainties associated with economic sanctions of the collective West. The importance of scientific, technical and personnel potential in the development of domestic breeding and seed production was noted. The significance of the national project "Science and Universities" in the modernization and creation of breeding and seed and breeding centers in the country is shown. The role of the Federal Scientific and Technical Program for the Development of Agriculture for 2017-2025 (hereinafter referred to as the FNTP) has been determined, which is designed to remove the dependence of domestic agricultural production on Western technologies in crop production, animal husbandry, feed production, storage, quality control and processing of agricultural products. Organizational and economic approaches to the development of domestic breeding and seed production of crops in the context of unprecedented Western sanctions were analyzed and proposed for development.
The era of digital transformation and automation in the Russian pork industry began in 2015, when large pork producers began to introduce appropriate technologies at their production facilities, motivated by tougher competition and a desire to meet global standards. The article highlights the peculiarities of the leading enterprises in the pork industry, including the availability of its own feed base; full production cycle; the presence of their own veterinary and genetic centers; presence of slaughter shops and product processing; sales through distribution centers. It was concluded that in the Russian Federation part of pig farms is still in the stage of the formation of the automation process. Despite the existing automation of pork production, the companies refused to completely replace manual labour with machine labour, while the share of manual labour is 50%.
The study shows the place, role and importance of grain production in ensuring the country's food security. The work provides criteria that determine the concept of "grain-producing regions," notes the impact of the intensification process on increasing efficiency in grain production, as well as on increasing food independence in the context of import substitution and sanctions of Western powers. Main directions of grain production efficiency improvement are considered and analyzed. In the process of intensification of grain production, the achievements of STP are used, production factors are effectively used. It was concluded that the southern regions are grain-producing and export-oriented regions of the Russian Federation for grain and grain products.
In recent years, both novice agricultural producers and entrepreneurs successfully developing other businesses have shown great interest in dairy goat breeding in the world. Having paid attention to the prospects for the development of the dairy goat industry, both in the world and in Russia, they invest funds free from the main business in a completely new type of activity and, starting to engage in dairy goat breeding, have the ultimate goal – to develop a successful and profitable business. The article examines the key points of the organization of dairy goat breeding, which are the most important for entrepreneurs. In modern conditions, the main problem for potential producers of dairy goats is the entry into the dairy market.
The importance of the growth of the digital transformation of the logistics system in the further development of the vegetable growing industry is considered. The relevance of this research in the implementation of the strategy – "Digital transformation, as well as technological and personnel support for the development of the transport industry" and the solution of rapid response to the anti-Russian sanctions of the European Union is indicated. The modern problems of international logistics are indicated: The world and Russian digital systems in logistics and the features of the technological process of delivering vegetable products to consumers are considered. The analysis of the development of vegetable production in the world and in Russia, as well as changes in the logistics routes of export and import of vegetables. The main achievements and directions of further development of the Eurasian Agro express in the aspect of digitization of the logistics system are shown. The factors influencing the further development of the logistics of vegetable products are identified and the main tasks of digital logistics in the vegetable growing industry are outlined.