The article notes that economic, social and environmental aspects are closely interrelated in the agro-food policy, and together they indicate the expediency of its orientation towards self-sufficiency of most regions with basic foodstuffs. Arguments are given in favour of this, including the need to reduce transport costs and disperse the animal population across the territory to reduce epidemiological and other risks. The reasons hindering this process are named, the main of which are insufficient consideration of the principles of spatial distribution of agricultural production, stimulation of the monopolization of property and concentration of production in agriculture, support for small forms of management on the residual principle. It is shown that the arguments cited to justify the latifundia that have arisen in the industry are biased, since the achieved level of food security could be ensured without the creation of large agricultural holdings that carry large-scale risks. The consequences of miscalculations made in planning the placement of agricultural production and in the development of small forms of management in the industry are listed. Among them are the growth of unemployment in the countryside and its denudation, the deterioration of the environment in a number of regions, and excessive disproportions in the production of basic types of agricultural products per capita by region. It is concluded that it is necessary to develop an agro-food policy, focusing on the self-sufficiency of the regions with basic foodstuffs and increasing the role of small farms.
The relevance of this scientific work lies in the timeliness of the development by the constituent entities of the Russian Federation of scientific and technical activities in the field of environmental development and climatic changes in relation to agri-food systems. The authors of the study analyzed the developed and approved plans of the regions. 9 constituent entities of the Russian Federation have already developed and publicly approved plans for the implementation of scientific and technical activities in the field of environmental development and climatic changes. The experience of developing and implementing plans for individual regions can be used for similar work of other constituent entities of Russia. The new ecological reality requires huge investments to transition to a climate-neutral world. Climate projects seem expedient to implement through the mechanism of private-public partnership.
Over the past thirty years, along with an increase in the rate of application of mineral fertilizers, attention has been paid to the growing imbalance in the removal of nutrients from the soil with the crop, and the dangerous trend of reducing the content of soil fertility on agricultural land has deepened. In most regions of Russia, the actual situation in the crop industry is characterized by a disregard for the role of the main factors in crop yields, and the principles of crop rotation are seriously violated. The growing shortage of humus and basic plant nutrients is in no way compensated by the increase in the use of mineral fertilizers. The introduction of resource-saving technologies in agriculture in various soil and climatic conditions and the observance of scientifically based crop rotation with the inclusion of fodder crops in it with the competent selection of varieties of domestic selection, the use as organic fertilizers and green manure, high-quality tillage guarantee not only an increase in yield and quality of fodder, but also ensures the gradual achievement of optimal parameters of soil properties while maintaining and increasing soil fertility.
The article discusses the issues of the mechanism for monitoring the formation of labour resources of the agro-industrial complex in order to reduce tension in the labour market in various regions and sustainable development of rural areas. The competitiveness of agricultural production depends on labour resources, since the digitalization of agricultural production also depends on specialists with certain skills and competencies. The presence of problems with the provision of highly qualified personnel is associated with various strategies for personnel policy in the regions. State regulation of labour support with the help of a monitoring mechanism based on special indicators will solve the problems of innovative development of the agro-industrial complex.
For the effective use of modern IT, it is necessary to ensure the availability and efficiency of advanced training and professional retraining of managers and specialists of the agro-industrial complex who meet the requirements of the digital economy, the development of digital literacy and the formation of appropriate digital competencies in the conditions of continuing education. Currently, the development of knowledge is possible on the basis of the participatory interaction of the teacher and the listener and involves the construction of the teacher's relationship with students, based on cooperation, dialogue, complicity, delegation of powers, creative interaction, the transition from the subject-object learning paradigm to the subject-subject, the formation of a new educational digital way. The development of a model of personalized training and methods for its effective distribution is one of the main directions of digital transformation of education. It is necessary to develop new programs for the continuous professional development of professors and teachers, ensuring their readiness to implement modern models of the educational process, taking into account the requirements of the digital economy. An integral part of the strategy to improve the efficiency of the agro-industrial complex is the creation of an effective educational infrastructure that can quickly respond to the needs of the real sector of the digital economy. That is, the task is to form a new approach to DPO as a proxysystem between human capital and socio-economic institutions, an intermediary between DPO users and targeted consumers of human capital.
Digital technologies are increasingly spreading in agriculture, involving an increasing number of production operations in transformational processes and significantly modifying them. This has a positive effect on the quality of products and leads to an increase in labour productivity. At the same time, the replacement of operations performed by employees with digitalized algorithms leads to a reduction in the demand for the labour of low-skilled workers performing routine operations that are not related to managerial decision-making. At the same time, there is a growing demand for workers who not only have the competencies in the field of agricultural production, but also the knowledge necessary to work with digital devices and robotic systems. This, in turn, creates an urgent need for the formation and constant updating of these competencies among existing and potential industry employees.
Economic and technological factors significantly influence on the development of dairy cattle breeding. In the context of foreign sanctions against Russia, the problem of the industry import dependency with breeding materials is actual. Young animals of domestic breeds are not even enough for simple reproduction. The breeding stock at farm herds is rapidly decreasing, at breeding farms this is not yet happening only due to the annual introduction of more than 20% of imported heifers into the main herd. Based on the principles of the "large-scale breeding system" which is developed by L.K. Ernst Federal Science Centre, conceptual approaches to the development of Russian dairy cattle breeding are formulated, economic levers which stimulates the strengthening of breeding base are also described.
The article is devoted to an important socio-economic problem of the Russian countryside: economic stimulation of the preservation and growth of the number of cows and milk production in households with a predominantly consumer orientation. Special attention is paid to such a negative trend as a decrease in the number of cows in the households of the population, which is largely due to the lack of funds for the purchase of feed grain (concentrated feed). A scientifically based position has been put forward on the need to develop organizational measures and economic tools for targeted support of rural households containing dairy cows to meet their own needs.
The article deals with topical issues of investment development of pig breeding. Special attention is paid to organizational measures and financial and economic instruments that ensure an active inflow of investment resources for the modernization of large pig breeding complexes with a closed production cycle. In order to develop high-tech investment projects, an urgent question has been put forward about the need for qualitative improvement of the breeding work of domestic pig farms in order for them to achieve the best world and domestic results. In the context of the globalization of the agro-food market and the need to develop exports of agricultural products of Russia, the conclusion is formulated about the need to develop organizational measures and financial and economic mechanisms that increase the competitiveness of export-oriented pig farming agro-industrial formations.
In article the econometric modeling of production of agriculture in territorial subjects of the Russian Federation is carried out. The cluster analysis of regions on the level of development of production potential of agricultural production was for this purpose carried out. Six constituent entities of the Russian Federation have a high level of development of agricultural productive potential. 48 subjects belong to the average level of development. For the created clusters of territorial subjects of the Russian Federation with the low, average and high level of development the econometric models considering regional features of development of production potential of agricultural production were constructed. Based on the obtained models, it is possible to predict the expected output of agricultural products (in monetary terms) taking into account the available material and labour resources.