The Federal state information systems are important for the development of digital agriculture, but issues related to their implementation and use have not yet been properly reflected in special literature. Specialists in the field of information law consider these issues precisely from the point of view of the technological functioning of these systems themselves, and administrative scientists - from the point of view of their use in public administration. The specific practice of using FSIS in the field of agriculture is almost not considered by scientists, although from a practical point of view, it is long overdue to analyze a sufficient number of problems and unresolved issues, as well as identify ways to solve them. The objectives of the study are to study and generalize the normative material on information systems functioning in the field of agriculture, the practice of their implementation and action, the search for ways to improve the legal regulation of information relations. Using the dialectical-materialistic method of scientific cognition of objective reality, as well as general scientific and private methods, the authors come to the conclusion about the undoubted advantages and prospects of using individual information systems. The results of the research are the development of scientific and practical recommendations and proposals for improving the legal regulation of the activities of authorized bodies in connection with the implementation of their public information functions in the field of agriculture.
The modernization of the material and technical base of agricultural producers is directly related to the dynamics of the reorganization of supply chains based on the use of innovative technologies. The quality of technological transformation can change the management of production infrastructure chains from a linear business model to an integrated one in which information is distributed omnidirectionally. Digital agribusiness is changing the requirements for transportation to improve production efficiency, achieve greater transparency and control over supply chains, and reduce the impact of negative external factors resulting from specific logistics activities. The article reflects the relationship between logistics and strategic management of agricultural production in achieving and increasing the competitiveness of the agri-food sector of the domestic economy. Digitization processes require special strategic planning in the agro-industrial complex, business process reengineering in order, on the one hand, to avoid social tensions, and on the other hand, to promote the development of a logistics system focused on improving consumer value chains and protecting environmental welfare. Logistics integration, shared by agro-food, transport companies, retail chains, involves close coordination of various logistics activities along the production infrastructure chain in order to harmonize the optimization of material and financial flows, taking into account customer requirements, thereby increasing reliability and speed of response to market requirements.
The importance of the integration of information platforms of the vegetable market in the Asia-Pacific region is considered. The purpose of the study is the process of digital transformation of international trade in the Asia-Pacific region. The analysis of the digital development of the world integration groups is made. The importance of potential (political and economic) is highlighted Russia for Asia-Pacific Cooperation. The main directions of integration of digital platforms in world trade are outlined, in particular, the Free Port of Vladivostok can be an important link in the network of ports located in different economies of the Asia-Pacific region.
Technological changes associated with the transition to the use of digital technologies in all spheres of production and the economy of the agro-industrial complex, the use of artificial intelligence in the management of technological objects and processes of the agro-industrial complex, robotization and the introduction of automated systems in the business processes of the agro-industrial complex, impose new requirements for the qualifications of agricultural workers. It is obvious that there is a need to train personnel for the agro-industrial complex, easily adapting to changes and quickly mastering new equipment and digital technologies of modern agricultural production. Currently, the training of agricultural specialists is impossible without continuous agricultural education, where the key element is the system of additional vocational education. The purpose of the article is to consider continuing education in the training of agricultural personnel in the digital economy on the basis of the Russian State Agricultural Academy named after K.A. Timiryazev. The article presents an example of the program implementation of additional professional education "Digital transformation in agriculture"; the developers of which are teachers of the Department of Applied Informatics. The structure and content of the program includes current trends and trends in the digital transformation of agriculture and agricultural education, the specifics of agricultural production as an object of digital transformation, GIS and remote sensing technologies and their application in agriculture, information and analytical systems in the economy and management of agriculture. Interpretation of the practical results of the study determined the need for a variety of short-term professional development programs in the system of continuing education, their relevance and practical implementation. Students and teachers note that it is important to implement a practice-oriented approach, dual training in continuing education, to show the practical significance of the transferred knowledge and skills in real life conditions. Today, the training of agricultural personnel is impossible without the use of a new model of training in the system of continuing education, which takes into account the challenges of the digital economy.
The purpose of the study is to develop directions for improving the state policy of stimulating entrepreneurial initiative in the field of agro-industrial complex through the impact on human capital. Analyses of dynamic series, methods of experimental behavioural economics, structure analysis, graphic and tabular methods of data presentation are used as private scientific methods of research. The author identified and characterized the factors affecting the identification of entrepreneurial opportunities for business by new participants in the agro-industrial complex. Such factors include: total human capital (education and work skills), specific human capital (entrepreneurial self-efficacy and previous entrepreneurial experience), and social capital (structural social capital and cognitive social capital). The development of entrepreneurial initiative is determined by two control components: individual control (age, gender, size of the economy), state control (through the level of national welfare). To justify the composition of the tools of state financial support for the development of entrepreneurship, a laboratory experiment was conducted on three sets: students studying, university graduates, active entrepreneurs and self-employed. It has been proven that stimulating investment in human capital should be based on strengthening the potential of agricultural educational institutions not only in the context of basic secondary and higher education, as well as on the formation of rural infrastructure. The results of the experiment made it possible to justify the complexity in stimulating entrepreneurial activity and the priority of individual measures. Specific directions have been proposed for improving the instruments of preferential taxation, lending and grant support for novice entrepreneurs in the agro-industrial complex.
In this study, the authors considered a change in the production of fruits, berries and grapes in Russia for 1980-2021. During this period, these areas of gardening were characterized by multidirectional trends. The maximum gross collections of these types of products during the planned economy were in 1981-1985. In the next five-year period, due to a decrease in state support for fruit growing and viticulture, negative processes of a decrease in fruit and berry production began to be observed. Significant damage to the latter was caused by the so-called anti-alcohol campaign. Market reforms in the 90s of the XX century only contributed to a reduction in gross harvest of fruits and berries, especially in agricultural organizations. The situation in gardening began to improve only in the second decade of the 21st century. As a result, in 2021, gross fruit and berry production became higher than the average for 1981-1985, and almost reached this level in grapes. Thanks to the ban on the import of most of the goods of this food group from unfriendly states, and the policy of import substitution in horticulture, the importance of agricultural organizations in the industry began to increase. As a result, in the balance of resources and the use of fruits and berries, the share of imports decreased, and the value of own production increased.
Over the past decades, due to a significant increase in the number of inhabitants of the Earth, especially in developing countries, there has been a global problem - a decrease in the availability of agricultural land per capita. In this regard, topical issues arise for the production of food products. The article considers one of the options for solving this problem due to vertical cultivation of closed-type vegetable products. Among the options for using vertical growth, various types of this technology were considered such as: hydroponics, flow hydroponics, closed-type vertical hydroponics, full artificial lighting hydroponics, multi-tier narrow-moisture hydroponics, sity farming and several others. Economic evaluation of comparative analysis of production growth by conventional method and production growth by vertical technology is given. Practical examples of the use of this technology of growing products in Russia and foreign countries are given. An example of the functioning of the Agricultural Technologies of the Future plant for industrial cultivation of premium green crops was considered.
The production of animal products is critically condemned in the world community due to their high resource intensity and negative impact on the environment (climate impact, intensity of use of agricultural land). High meat consumption is associated with negative consequences for the health of consumers, this is the trend currently actively positioned in some developed countries, where meat consumption per capita exceeds the recommended standards by a third. In Russia, there is currently an active increase in the consumption of meat and meat products, but there is also a significant transformation of this demand, which is also caused by risks from the use of these products. Based on the above, the article presents the results of a marketing study of consumers of meat and meat products. Patterns of perceived qualitative characteristics in different groups of consumers have been established. The production development vectors were evaluated in accordance with the development of consumer preferences for certain product categories.
Abstract. The purpose of the study is to identify trends in the development and transformation of the grain market as the main one of the export-oriented markets for agri-food products in modern conditions of economic activity at agricultural enterprises. The main competitive advantages of growing grain crops were noted, both from the point of view of the agro technical component and from the point of view of their consolidation on international trading platforms. The main methods and techniques of state support for grain exports to the markets of countries of near and far abroad are presented. Factors were identified that hinder the development of grain production necessary for export of quality; ways to increase it are presented. The gradual and systematic development of grain production, increasing its volumes, improving the quality and marketability cannot be carried out without financial investments; therefore, grain exports to world markets can optimize the entire segment of production of this commodity direction. In the conclusion of article the forecast of prospects of development of a grain sub complex becomes.
The analysis of investment projects for the construction of bakery enterprises and infrastructure facilities based on the results of optimization of their location allows us to develop a program for the development of the bakery sector of a remote subsidized region, ensuring an increase in the competitiveness of local producers. The study reveals the specifics of the combined application of methods of investment project analysis and mathematical modeling for optimal location of capacities of bakery enterprises of various productivity and capacities of raw material supplying centers. The proposed approach allows making evidence-based decisions on the development of the bakery sector which makes it possible not only to ensure the highest efficiency of the sector, but also to achieve economic and physical accessibility of bread and bakery products for the population. The analysis of the baking industry of the Republic of Karelia, a remote northern region, where the problems of providing bread products to the population are particularly acute, is carried out. A methodological approach to the development of a program for the development and territorial placement of the baking entities in the region is described. The effectiveness of investment projects for the creation of bakeries and a network of distribution centers supplying them with raw materials is evaluated, and the fair distribution of income among all participants of the multi component project is provided. The fairness of income distribution is ensured by equalizing the ratios of the amount of discounted benefits to the amount of discounted costs of participants for the entire accounting period of the project. That is, participants receive the same income per unit of costs incurred (both current and capital). At the same time, multi-time cost flows of participants are brought into a comparable form using discounting, discounting can be carried out at individual discount rates that take into account the differences of participants in their opportunity cost of capital, and, finally, since only incremental net benefits are used in cash-flow calculations, there is an opportunity to use individual lost benefits that participants could receive in a situation "Without" the project.