According to monitoring data in 2021, per capita salmon consumption per year was 2.73 kg, which is more than shower consumption of pollock, cod, mackerel. The authors analyzed the effect of water surface temperature at the test site located in the north-western part of the Pacific Ocean on the catches of Pacific salmon in 1998-2021. Quite close correlations between the catches of Pacific salmon and the water temperature on the surface were revealed (r=0.65). It was noted that the variability of water temperature has a closer relationship with salmon catches in odd years (r=0.81) compared to even years (r=0.41). In addition, it was found that during periods of maximum solar activity, salmon catches decreased, while during periods of their minimum values, on the contrary, they increased. According to the forecast, during the period of the maximum of the next solar cycle, salmon catches will decrease to the level of 200-250 thousand tons; however, their growth will be noted in the future. The influence of water surface temperature and solar activity on salmon catches is clearly traced, while the pricing factors for this type of fish are more diverse.
In modern conditions, timely identification of factors affecting the financial results and economic performance of agricultural machinery producers in the region provides for the assessment of indicators that take into account the balance of interests to ensure the development of management decisions that contribute to improving the quality of economic activity, the effective use of innovations and equity. In the course of the study, an assessment of business activity, the duration of the operational and financial cycles, the financial stability of organizations and a factor analysis of the return on capital were carried out. The assessment of the indicators included an assessment of the turnover of current assets, profitability, SWOT analysis and identification of downside risks, taking into account factors affecting the optimization of leverage. The reasons for the low profitability of activities were inefficient pricing policies, lower prices when participating in government contracts, a high share of variable costs in the cost of sales. It was proposed to improve the activities of dealerships selling agricultural equipment under state contracts and directly to representatives of agribusiness to expand dealership services and change the pricing policy.
The main power tool used in agricultural production is the tractor. For efficient production, the availability of tractors and other types of agricultural machinery must meet certain requirements. Security, in turn, depends on the financial capacity of agricultural producers and on the state of the agricultural machinery market. Due to the recent situation, agricultural tractors from China, including Zoomlion, have appeared on the Russian agricultural machinery market. For Russian agricultural producers, the question arises of the advisability of acquiring a tractor of a particular company. The main supplier to the Russian market of agricultural tractors is the Minsk Tractor Plant. This study presents a comparative analysis of the operational properties of the Belarus 2122.6 and Zoomlion PL 2304 tractors. In addition to comparing technical and economic indicators, traction properties, an analysis of the operational properties during agricultural work with various ballasting options was made and the effect of ballasting on traction and operational properties was determined. As a result of the study, recommendations were proposed on the use of ballast weights and dual wheels to improve the performance properties of tractors when performing various technological operations in agricultural production.
According to Rosstat, the catch, import, export and consumption of fish products from 1970 to 2020 were analyzed. Rospotrebnadzor, nor the level of 1970, 1980, 1990. Import does not save the situation either (12-47% of the catch in different years). The fact is that with an increase in the catch, the export of fish products increases exponentially (from 31% of the catch in 2000 to 61% in 2020). After 2013, when export revenue began to exceed $3.5 billion, it began to have a statistically significant negative impact on domestic consumption. It is proposed to change the rules of foreign trade so that the export of fish products does not contradict the food security of Russia.
The food security of some Russian regions largely depends on the activities of the transport complex, which guarantees uninterrupted supplies of food products. The purpose of the article is to develop a method for determining the optimal parameters for the participation of the state in financing projects for the development of the transport complex aimed at ensuring food security. The authors propose an approach to the analysis of joint public-private projects that make it possible to implement alternative options for the delivery of food to the Kaliningrad region and other isolated regions of Russia under conditions of uncertainty. The approach can be useful for substantiating the scale of attracting public financial resources, as well as for determining other technical and economic parameters of projects.
The main stages and features of transport and logistics chains for exporting Russian grain in modern conditions related to the search for new channels for its distribution and delivery to the world market are disclosed, using new transport corridors and logistics schemes, as well as the most efficient types of transport, taking into account the length of the grain supply route in certain its directions to foreign countries. At the same time, the possibilities of increasing the volume of Russian grain exports along different routes of its supply are considered, depending on the efficiency of using individual logistic schemes for the movement of grain flows, the delivery time of grain and its value when using fixed assets and corridors and more effective delivery methods for the near and longer term. In connection with the upcoming implementation of new infrastructure and logistics projects, it is necessary to increase the capacity of export grain terminals, the volume and speed of delivery of grain cargo by certain types of transport and routes, as well as to develop domestic shipbuilding and the merchant fleet at a faster pace.
The paper is devoted to the problems and prospects of the formation and development of organic agriculture based on improving the tools of the financial and credit mechanism in order to enhance organic production to preserve the agro ecosystem, ensure a high quality of life and health of the nation in the context of the transition to Green economy. The authors analyze the tools of the financial and credit mechanism of organic agriculture, such as state support, prices, lending and taxes. Foreign practice of supporting organic producers is given in the article; on the basis of it, the authors propose recommendations for improving the tools of the financial and credit mechanism for the implementation of stable state support, available long-term credit resources, price regulation and comprehensive tax incentives that will lead to an increase in organic production.
The article is devoted to a comparative assessment of the effectiveness of the activities of organic and traditional (non-organic) plant growing organizations. The object of the study was 81 organizations of crop production of grain and mixed specialization, differentiated by the level of economic development, including 30 certified producers of organic products. To ensure comparability of data, organizations located in regions favourable for growing crop products were selected. The result of the study was an assessment of the level of efficiency of crop production organizations in order to determine the directions for the development of environmentally responsible and traditional producers.
The article evaluates the reproduction processes of the machine and tractor fleet (MTF) of domestic agricultural producers, considers organizational and economic approaches to the reproduction of MTF of all categories of agricultural producers in the conditions of imposed sanctions and the implementation of ESG principles. The role of leasing in the technical support of producers of small and medium-sized enterprises is determined. Prospects and real possibilities of compliance with ESG principles in the restoration of the technical potential of agricultural producers with the use of preferential leasing instruments are determined. As an effective measure to reduce the negative impact on the environment and improve the quality of life of the population, the possibility of a partial transition of agricultural machinery to gas-powered fuel is being considered. The implementation of the proposed transition, on the one hand, is focused on solving environmental problems, and on the other hand, it involves a number of difficulties in its practical implementation, the basis of which is the need to create an appropriate infrastructure for the delivery, storage of gas and refueling of agricultural machinery in the field. The paper considers the already existing gasification plant for agricultural machinery. A deterrent to the mass transition of agricultural machinery and equipment to gas engine fuel is the lack of necessary production infrastructure in rural areas. The agricultural sector is significantly lagging behind in the implementation of "green" technologies.
The process of digitalization of the agro-industrial complex allows agricultural producers to ensure the automation of the production of potatoes and vegetables at all levels: smart farming, GPS monitoring and navigation, drones and robotics, next-generation agricultural machinery, bioengineering, vertical farming, smart logistics, smart packaging technologies, block chain technologies, big data, energy efficient technologies, etc. The efficiency of agricultural production today remains quite low: about 40% of products are lost at the stages from cultivation to processing, another 30% - during processing, storage and transportation. According to experts, the main risks of potato and vegetable growing today are not natural, but administrative factors, a significant part of the product is obtained at different stages of the supply chain, as a result - a little more than half of the grown products come to the consumer. For example, in the Netherlands, this figure does not exceed 10%, which indicates the need to carefully study the possibilities of logistics and better use of its tools in vegetable growing enterprises. In order to increase productivity and reduce losses in the agricultural value chain, various digital technologies are being actively developed and implemented. At the government level, a roadmap for the development of IoT in the agricultural industry is being developed, according to which the share of agro-industrial enterprises using IoT solutions should be 30% by 2025.