The article considers the possibilities of digital technologies in relation to solving the problem of assessing the impact of climate change on agri-food systems at the regional level. A structural diagram is presented that implements digital technologies for scenario analysis of climatic impacts on crop production industries, stimulating the subject of economic activity to an adaptive response in the direction of rationalizing the industry structure. The problems solved using digital technologies in this subject area are classified. Examples are given illustrating the capabilities of digital technologies as a tool for analyzing the external environment of the model of agri-food systems, analyzing the resulting solutions in the "what if" mode, solving a number of problems in economic and mathematical formulation.
Currently, robotics and artificial intelligence technologies are increasingly being used in agriculture, while the quantitative assessment of the significance of these changes on social and labour relations has not been sufficiently studied. The purpose of the study is to assess the impact of the consequences of the use of artificial intelligence technologies and robotics in agriculture on social and labour relations. Questioning of heads of agricultural organizations was used as a research method. The most obvious consequences, according to experts, are an increase in labour productivity (conditional index - 4.5 points), a decrease in the shortage of personnel (4.5 points), a decrease in the impact of personnel risks on production results (4.13 points), an increase in the quality of life of employees in agriculture (3.63 points). Less significant consequences include a possible increase in the level of income of workers (3.31 points), the disappearance of traditional, mass professions (2.81 points), an increase in the share of remote employment (2.67 points). In general, the involved experts positively assess the possible consequences of the use of artificial intelligence technologies and robotics in agriculture on social and labour relations. This allows us to recommend the use of these technologies to reduce the negative trends in the staffing industry.
The article seeks to bridge the gap between the digital development of agriculture as a sector of the Russian economy and domestic agricultural entrepreneurship. The purpose of the article is related to the study of a digital model for the development of agricultural entrepreneurship in Russia from the standpoint of technology, risks and prospects. To do this, a review of HSE and Rosstat statistics from collections for 2021-2022 is being carried out. The technological and risk profiles of the digital model for the development of agricultural entrepreneurship in Russia are compiled by comparing the statistics of agricultural enterprises with Russian entrepreneurship. A comparative analysis of the obtained profiles at the level of entrepreneurship with a strategic direction in the field of digital transformation of the sectors of the agro-industrial and fisheries of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030 was carried out. As a result, a comprehensivei nterpretation of the digital model for the development of agricultural entrepreneurship in Russia from the standpoint of technology and risks was proposed. The prospects for the practical implementation of this model through state support for the spread of digital technologies, as well as through risk management, are also substantiated. The key conclusion of the study is that at the level of entrepreneurship, the digital model for the development of the agrarian economy in Russia is characterized by the specifics of technologies and risks compared to the strategic direction at the level of the agricultural industry. This means that the prospects for the practical application of the results obtained are related to the distinction between state management of the digital development of agriculture as a sector of the economy and agricultural entrepreneurship, taking into account the specifics of their technological and risk profiles.
In the article, the methodology for studying the adaptation of subjects of agricultural entrepreneurship is considered as a set of methods used in agricultural science, a system of techniques, methods and rules of the scientific method of knowledge. Evaluation of the impact of digital transformation on the performance of organizations sometimes provides conflicting conclusions, shows that there is no positive impact of digital transformation processes on the performance of an organization, or confirms its significant impact on efficiency growth. The conditions of digital transformation affect the adaptation of the subjects of agricultural entrepreneurship, its forms, the behaviour of the subjects, the response. To accelerate digital transformation and reduce the time lag in obtaining an effect from it, measures are needed to influence the organizational and economic mechanism, including the development of special government regulatory measures aimed at "smoothing" differentiation in the level of digitalization of organizations, industries and regions; acceleration of digital transformation processes; co-financing promising projects; improving digital literacy of the population. The main measure of the state's influence on the digital transformation process is a multiple of the faster reduction in the cost of transmitting a unit of data; high level of security and availability, transition to determinable networks.
The main modern issues and problems of personnel reproduction in agriculture are selected. It is noted that the reproduction of frames occurs in accordance with the phases of reproduction. For several remaining cases, the level of activity of the population and the labour force decreased. The reason for the shortage of labour resources is wages in conditions of shortage, a low level of quality of life, and a high need for residents in a well-maintained and disadvantaged area. The analysis of statistical data allows us to conclude that the level of qualification of workers in the countryside is insufficient, and that the balance of supply and demand has been disrupted. To attract young professionals to the countryside, it is necessary to develop and implement socially significant projects to increase the attractiveness of rural areas.
The article discusses the features of the formation and evaluation of human capital in the agrarian sector of the economy. A statistical assessment of the level of development of human capital in the agricultural sector is presented. The attention is focused on such components of human capital assessment as staff professionalism, outsourcing, digital models, and investment. Various authoritative approaches to its assessment, taking into account industry specifics, have been studied. The author's approach based on SWOT-analysis has been established. The prospects are identified and a significant drawback is the underestimation of the fundamental indicators of the assessment. The role and importance of methods for evaluating the return on investment is determined. The importance of methods for evaluating the return on investment is noted. The mechanism of human resource management in modern organizations is presented based on a number of fundamental principles of evaluation.
In 1995, the FAO Advisory Group of International Agricultural Researchers called on all countries of the world to start developing and accelerating the fourth technological order on a global scale. The goal of the project is to provide food for the ever-increasing population of the Earth. To provide mankind with food, it is planned to increase world production of grain by at least 41%, meat - by 63%, tubers and root crops - by 40%. According to scientists, by 2050 there will be a catastrophic number of people on the planet - 9.6 billion people (which is 2.1 billion more than today). Agricultural enterprises will need to grow twice as much agricultural product, which will inevitably lead to an increase in the need for agricultural land and an increase in the yield of staple food crops.
Freshwater fish are an important food of the population, which determines the need to develop its aquaculture in addition to prey from rivers and lakes. The industry is traditional for Russia. The aim of the study was to identify major aquaculture trends and prospects for industry transformation. Russia has large water resources, some of which are used for fish farming. Russia's share in global aquaculture production is insignificant and amounts to 0.33%. The main trend in the industry can be defined as an accelerating growth in the scale of the production of farmed fish. Freshwater aquaculture provided production of 84.5 thousand tons of fish in 2021, which is 42.0% more than in 2017. It becomes economically attractive, as evidenced by overcoming the deep unprofitability of the industry and reaching a positive profitability of the production of hydrobionts. The forecast for the development of aquaculture in Russia for the period up to 2030 is 600 thousand tons, of which at least 120 thousand tons should be produced by freshwater aquaculture. It is possible to ensure the planned growth in the scale of the industry under the conditions of alleviating systemic problems of its development (providing fish stock, import substitution of feed, increasing the level of material and technical equipment, maintaining a favourable epizootic situation), increasing the opportunities for the implementation of economic interests by agricultural producers, stimulating the development of high-intensity forms of aquaculture.
The architecture of the organization of a complex of representatives of the system of mutually defining and fundamental principles of organization and management, which are embodied in a set of components, integrated factors of the internal environment and their relationships with the external environment of economic development. The information and digital economy actively affects changes in the organizational and management form of the transformation of the Russian RCC. A feature of the new architecture is the reform of the lattices of the mechanisms of management, organization, management and inclusion in the country's public economy. In our opinion, there are 4 structural grids: grids of economic, economic, institutional, organizational and managerial mechanisms. In general, ecosystems are repeated through conservative partnerships aimed mainly at reducing costs and optimizing production processes. Conservative partnerships are increasingly penetrating the life of economic entities. In Russia, the model of consolidated partnership is public-private partnership.
In the Doctrine of Food Security of the Russian Federation, the fishing industry, along with agriculture and the food industry, plays a decisive role. Among the extraction of aquatic biological resources in the Far East and in Russia as a whole, Pacific salmon occupy the second place in the total catch of fish. Salmon fishing takes place on the entire Far Eastern coast and plays a huge role in the economy of the regions of the Far East. The efficiency of Pacific salmon fishing is largely determined by the quantity and quality of the products produced. The purpose of the work was to determine the yield of finished products from pink salmon, chum salmon and coho salmon of different fishing areas when using the machine method of cutting. As a result of the conducted research, the output of finished products from pink salmon, chum salmon, and coho salmon from different mining areas. Increasing the yield of food products from the most massive objects of fishing and consumption of these products by residents of Russia is an important condition for solving the problems of food security of the state.