There is a problem in collecting accurate data to calculate one of the indicators of the Food Security Doctrine – the level of self-sufficiency with seeds of the main agricultural crops of domestic selection. Based on the analysis of the information system of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation "System of monitoring and forecasting of food security of the Russian Federation", the federal plan of statistical work, the System of state information support in the field of agriculture, existing forms of federal and departmental statistical reporting, taking into account minimizing the burden on respondents, it is proposed not to introduce a new form, but to supplement the form "Information on the results sowing for harvest" (4-SH) indicators "Sown seeds" and "Including domestic breeding". Based on the analysis of the approaches of Rosstat, the All-Russian Classifier of Types of Economic Activity (OKVED 2), the All-Russian Classifier of products by types of economic Activity (KPES 2008), the classification of the State Export Commission, it is proposed to include crops in the main agricultural crops: wheat, rye, barley, oats, corn, millet, buckwheat, rice, sorghum, flax, sugar beet, sunflower for grain, soy, rapeseed, potatoes, cabbage, cucumbers, tomatoes, beets, carrots, onions.
The article discusses the main results of the development of soybean production in the Amur region for the period from 2010 to 2021 in the context of agro-climatic southern, central and server zones. As of 2021, the gross soybean harvest amounted to 1138.6 thousand tons, including 58.2% of enterprises in the southern zone, 40.2% in the central zone, and 1.6% in the northern zone. The sown area of soybeans for the analyzed period from 2010 to 2021 increased by 50.8% and amounted to 769.3 thousand hectares as of 2021. Based on the calculated index of technological efficiency of soybean production in the Amur region for the period from 2010 to 2021, a rating assessment of municipalities in the context of agro-climatic zones of the region was carried out. In order to assess the growth potential of technological efficiency of crop production, the author's methodology is proposed, based on the use of the technological efficiency index and allowing to gradually determine the growth potential of the index of technological efficiency of crop production, yield growth and gross harvest of agricultural crops. The approbation of the proposed methodology in the assessment of soybean production in the Amur region made it possible to identify the growth potential of technological efficiency of municipalities in the context of agro-climatic zones of the region. In particular, it was revealed that the implementation of measures aimed at ensuring the identified potential for yield growth in the context of agro-climatic zones will eventually allow for an increase in the gross soybean harvest in the region in the amount of 193.24 thousand tons.
Potato production in the region is moving from large to small and medium-sized commodity producers, in particular, peasant (farmer) farms, households, individual entrepreneurs who narrowly specialize in its production. Taking into account the increasing needs for this type of product, the scale of production cannot cope with the increasing needs, which means that the growing demand for potatoes dictates the need to expand the scale of production with the prospect of including large agricultural producers in this process. The shortage of this product is confirmed by the fact that on store shelves, along with domestic potatoes, and sometimes instead of it, there are exclusively products of a foreign manufacturer. The process of import substitution of this type of product is very relevant in modern conditions due to the fact that food security and independence of the state depends, in particular, on the full provision of the population of the regions and the country as a whole with this important food.
The article analyzes the dynamics of the production, processing and sale of milk and milk products in the Siberian Federal District. Siberia specializes in milk production and milk processing, but the key problem is a serious shortage of raw milk. Strategies for the development of the dairy industry, focused on the development of large-scale and small-scale production, as well as mixed-type production, have been identified. The specifics of dairy cattle breeding in Siberia were revealed, in which industry enterprises perform not only economic, but also social functions. Commodity chains and business models for the promotion of dairy products in Siberia have been identified. As priority solutions - improving the breeding qualities of animals with full and balanced feeding, care and maintenance of animals. A promising area of development is the transition to high-margin products of deep processing with high export potential.
Dairy cattle breeding is one of the strategic sectors of the national economy that ensures the food security of the Russian Federation. Analysis of milk production in 1991-2021 showed that in the country there is a downward trend in milk production in all categories of farms. The ratio of the total consumption of milk (personal and industrial) and the volume of its production indicates a lack of its national production. An economic and statistical assessment of the ratio of exports and imports of milk and dairy products showed that throughout the entire study period, the balance sheet was negative, which is confirmed by an increase in the volume of imports of the above types of products. Correlation-regression analysis made it possible to establish that the growth in the cost of import operations in the industry was caused, first of all, by the physical volume of imports, the influence of exchange rates, while no statistically significant relationship was noted. A high correlation was also established between the volume of imports of milk and dairy products in value terms and the level of actual import prices. An economic and statistical analysis of actual import prices for dairy products showed high volatility. Its maximum level is noted for milk powder - 772.1 thousand dollars. The calculation of the coefficients of elasticity of the volume of imports by price showed a low dependence (on average
The article discusses the main directions for the strategic spatial development of the beekeeping in the Russian Federation. The importance of supporting private producers of honey and other bee products is substantiated.The analysis of the dynamics of honey production since 1990 is given and the ways to increase the volume of honey production, as well as increase exports, are noted. The importance of the legitimate use of regional names of the place of production of commercial products is noted and a method for controlling this use is proposed. The concept of a honey exchange is proposed to expand the possibilities for the sale of bee products both in domestic and foreign markets and increase the transparency of pricing. The importance of controlling the use of pesticides and other hazardous substances to prevent the mass death of bees is noted and a way to minimize it is proposed.
Assessment of labour resources at the level of municipalities has a number of difficulties associated with two-level territorial planning, insufficient communication of strategic decisions of the municipal and regional levels, restrictions on municipal statistics. The article presents the results of forecasting the number of working-age population using special Excel functions and based on the movement of age groups according to the Rosstat method. According to the trend forecast, a decrease in the population will be observed in the age group of 75-79 years. In both forecasts, the older group is dominated by the female population. The dependence of the population on the level of social infrastructure development is shown. It was concluded that it is necessary to increase the mobility of citizens and return to rural areas of labour resources employed outside them. The implementation of investment projects in the municipality that create jobs will increase the share of the average number of employees of organizations by only 0.5%.
The purpose of this study was to identify the key technologies of agricultural and non-agricultural activities that ensure the sustainable development of rural areas in Russia. Sustainable development of rural areas is understood as a balanced combination of three components: economic growth, social well-being and ecological balance. It is shown that innovations introduced into production in rural areas mainly provide economic efficiency, while forgetting about the social and environmental well-being of the village. According to world practice, sustainability is achieved only if innovative technologies lead to an improvement in the working conditions of employees of enterprises, an increase in their well-being, getting rid of monotonous and hard work, and also preserve/improve the ecosystems of rural areas. The priority technologies of sustainable agricultural production are: agrobiotechnologies, nanotechnologies in crop production and animal husbandry, mobile agricultural robots and autonomous agricultural machinery, unmanned aerial vehicles, robotic greenhouse complexes, technologies for animal waste management, adaptive landscape farming, technologies for biomelioration and biodiversity conservation, technologies for minimizing tillage. For non–agricultural activities, these are alternative and renewable energy sources, waste recycling, green construction technologies and other environmental management technologies. The technologies presented in this study should become a priority for the further development of rural areas of Russia, as they allow not only to meet the needs of modern rural society, but also to create conditions for the life of future generations.
The analysis of the dynamics of the composition and structure of the rural population in the country is carried out in the article. A model of multiple regression has been developed that reflects the influence of physical volumes of production of certain types of agricultural products produced in various forms of agricultural management on the dynamics of the rural population of Russia. It is concluded that as a result of the implementation of market reforms, the local rural economy found itself in a crisis situation, which was a consequence of the destruction of former collective farms and state farms. The situation also does not improve in the post-reform period due to the activity of agro-industrial formations of the holding type. A significant impact on the development of the local rural economy of the physical production volumes of households and agricultural organizations. The impact of the agricultural sector's production activities on the local rural economy is extremely insignificant. The proposals aimed at creating favorable conditions for the consolidation of the population in local rural societies are formulated.
The article considers the main indicators characterizing the use of resources in the production of agricultural products and types of food. Based on the data provided by Rosstat on the costs of producing agricultural products and certain types of food in the form of a structure expressed in percentage, it is proposed to use indicators of structural shifts to assess the use of resources. The structure stability estimate was determined based on the integral coefficient of structural shifts of K. Gatev. The results of calculating the integral coefficients of structural shifts of K. Gatev for resource costs for agricultural production show that the smallest change in labor costs (0.014), the most significant cost structure changed due to fuel costs (0.054) and depreciation of fixed assets (0.042). The low value of the K. Gatev coefficient shows a slight change in the cost structure, its stability. The low value of the K. Gatev coefficient shows a slight change in the cost structure, its stability. The high index of K. Gatev in sunflower oil (0.161) and wheat flour (0.17) shows a decrease in the stability of the cost structure for these types of products. It was concluded that the theory of structural shifts is applicable to estimate the costs of agricultural production resources and food types.