The agriculture of the Russian Federation has everything necessary to ensure its own food security: long-term agrarian traditions, vast areas of fertile agricultural land. With the effective use of available resources, the economic growth of agricultural production has no limits, which necessitates a qualitative transformation of all elements of the reproduction process. Labor resources in agriculture are one of the main factors of production, the effective use of which ensures food security, the development of sustainable agricultural production, and the growth of the population's income. The current agricultural policy requires careful monitoring and strategic approaches to the expanded reproduction of labor resources, which is especially important in the face of increased competition in the food market.
Modern specialists in the agricultural sector should know the economic aspects and methods of analyzing and assessing the competitiveness of an enterprise, as well as the basic methods of managing non-current and current assets, business activity, solvency and financial stability, tax optimization, economic security and financial and economic risks. They should be able to set and solve the problems of financial development of enterprises from new market positions, when it is necessary to ensure not only the process of competitive agricultural products, but also contribute to the achievement of full annual employment of workers and increase their remuneration. The economic basis formed in recent years, support for the development of the agrarian sector of the economy, and regional anti-crisis measures have led to a systemic increase in the level of wages of employees of agricultural organizations in the Voronezh region to the average level of wages in the economy in the region. Studies have shown that in modern economic conditions, a significant number of rural producers consider issues of labor resource management only from a financial standpoint - the lower the costs to personnel, the higher the competitiveness of their enterprises. The current level of wages in these farms does not guarantee the receipt of an old-age insurance pension by employees. The remuneration of labor does not correspond to the level of its productivity, which allows us to draw conclusions, on the one hand, about the high level of labor intensity at the enterprise, on the other hand, the exploitation of available labor resources. An analysis of the level of labor intensification in individual agricultural enterprises, as well as a grouping of 411 farms in the Voronezh Region according to the share of wages accrued for the year and insurance premiums to revenue for 2021, showed that bringing the level of average monthly wages to the average level of economic mike, taking into account the growth of insurance premiums, does not require significant financial costs. The increase in payments to personnel does not have a significant impact on the financial performance. Enterprises fully maintain their financial stability, solvency and "strengthen" their investment attractiveness.
The socio-economic transformations taking place in society associated with the transition to an information (post-industrial) society actualize a number of issues related to increasing requirements for human capital in the agricultural sector. Despite the changes in the institutional environment, technologies and generations of technology, it is human capital – a set of knowledge, skills and abilities used for the production of goods – that is becoming a key resource. This is especially true of agricultural production, which, firstly, is basic to meet human needs, and secondly, here the process of transition to the sixth technological order is faster than in other sectors of the economy, which requires the formation of human capital with completely new competencies, knowledge and skills. It is important to share in the period of digitalization of agricultural processes what competencies human capital should have. The knowledge that a specialist acquires in the process of learning at the stage of formation is often not relevant for industrial partners. It is important to maintain a balance between basic fundamental knowledge and practice-oriented specialist training, taking into account the needs of the industry.
The article examines the problems of the transformation of human capital in the conditions of the information-digital economy.The authors determined that the collaboration of various types of activities contributes to the achievement of a special creative environment for the functioning of workers and obtaining a positive synergistic effect from the results of their joint work in a particular industry. The levels (technologies) and contours (processes) of the transformation of creative human capital in the economic ecosystem of the Russian fishery complex are identified. It is concluded that the ecosystem form of organization of the permanent process of education and implementation of industry research activities in the interests of the manufacturing sector of the economy can ensure the achievement of a positive synergistic effect of the functioning of the Russian fishery complex.
The article presents the peculiarities of taxation of agricultural producers of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. It has been revealed that despite the application of mainly preferential taxation regimes, the tax burden on economic entities, in particular on agricultural organizations, remains quite high. Also, in the context of categories of farms, the values of profitability of production and the coefficient of fiscal coverage are calculated. On the basis of which it was determined that, in general, payments of farms to the budget and extra-budgetary funds in the region exceed the state support they receive.
The article deals with issues related to the prospects for the development of medicinal crop production within the framework of the concept of organic agriculture development and substantiation of the expediency of involving fallow and unused agricultural land resources in the production turnover for these purposes. Currently, the market of herbal medicinal raw materials is one of the most developing and promising areas of agro-industrial production. The food security of the allied countries, the health of the population and the quality of its life are largely due to the development of the medicinal plant industry, based on innovative developments in the field of alternative land use, conservation of natural resources. At the same time, the unfilled niche of domestic medicinal raw materials and the significant land potential for the development of the medicinal plant industry create all the necessary prerequisites for the formation and development of this direction.
The grain production has always been leading an agricultural sub-sector and the core of grain-product subcomplex. It will forever remain the most prestigious “monetary” type of activity and will largely retain its role as a kind of donor in agriculture. But agriculture is not safe: extensive technologies prevail in grain production, and animal protein is not provided with livestock. The purpose of the work is to develop adaptive approaches and mathematical models to manage product complexes in the region, taking into account the traditional specialized in Siberia, based on the predominant specialization of the industries of crop production and livestock. The methods of research of discrete processes are based on methods of analysis and synthesis, the theory of statistical solutions based on Markov processes (chains), and theory of effectiveness. The developed technique allows you to determine the dynamic survival strategy (encouraging more active development of industries of crop and livestock) in market conditions, which is also required by the emerging social problems, which are needed for state support for domestic agriculture. Mathematical models of adaptive group management of product subcomplexes, as a result of studies, confirms the practical orientation of the effectiveness of the use of large forms of organization of agricultural enterprises that produce a larger volume of products. The prerequisites are created for agricultural producers, while the production of grain and meat, to obtain guaranteed state support. Being a derivative of the crop production industry, animal husbandry helps to develop requirements for crop rotation for resource -saving technologies for cultivating grain crops. This ensures the implementation of the conditions for creating full -fledged diets for feeding and maintaining animals, as well as obtaining the required output indicators of efficiency in the grocery subcomplexes of the agro -industrial complex of the region.
The article presents a comparative characteristic of the level of poverty among various socio-demographic and socio-economic groups of the rural population: those working in agriculture, other types of economic activity of the real sector of the rural economy, those employed in the social sphere of the village, children, youth studying in institutions of higher and secondary vocational education on a full-time basis the form of education, pensioners, the unemployed. The analysis was carried out in comparison with similar demographic and socio-economic groups of the urban population. Priority social groups of state support have been identified, targeted mechanisms of social protection of the poor rural population for various poverty profiles have been proposed.
Based on an integrated approach, the article considers the issues of food security and achieving sustainable economic growth of the agri-food market in Russia. The purpose of the work is to study the availability, accessibility, use and sustainability of food consumption in Russia as a whole and in the context of individual population groups for 2019-2021. It is noted that a feature of domestic agricultural production is the high growth rate of gross per capita output, relative to the world market situation against the background of rather modest values in relation to 1990. Confirmed are the conclusions of Engel's Law that with an increase in real disposable money incomes of the population: food consumption increases, but to a lesser extent than income increases; increased consumption of expensive foods in the diet; food quality improves. It is shown that: the Russian population consumes food products at a level below the rational consumption norms in almost all nomenclature positions; the consumption of inexpensive nomenclature items is increasing; a significant part of the population has significant limitations in the economic accessibility of food products; the groups of the population most vulnerable to a drop in income and a deterioration in the situation with food consumption have been identified: in the context of socio-geographical groups and the territorial aspect; noted that there are restrictions in physical access to food. A concept is proposed for changing the state policy of regulating the agro-food situation in the direction of supporting demand and building a system of interconnected institutions to increase food consumption in Russia.
The development of agriculture in the context of climate change is becoming an urgent task for both developed and developing countries. The massive use of traditional industrial agricultural technologies increases the burden on the environment, which leads to intensive depletion of natural resources. The agri-food system is the most important source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Scientific and public organizations have been studying the concept, composition and indicators of carbon footprint assessment for many years, which makes it possible to more accurately assess its sources and regulatory possibilities. The article shows the evolution of the concept of the carbon footprint, as well as various indicators of its assessment. In relation to the agri-food system, the indicators of the carbon intensity of food production, the carbon burden on the resident of the country are presented. Among the factors influencing the size of the carbon footprint, the author identifies the type of agricultural production (organic or industrial), the size of the farm, as well as the duration of the food supply chain. As a result, the authors’ conclusion is made about the possibilities of regulating the carbon footprint of the agro-food system as by stimulating the use of low-carbon technologies, as by switching to more sustainable food consumption, that includes short food supply chains.