The development of an effective regional socio-economic policy is a key element in the sustainable development of Russia and its regions. In modern conditions, the state of the subjects of the Russian Federation is characterized by a growing differentiation of economic indicators, living standards and financial opportunities. The specificity of the regions is also determined by the huge differences in the development of industrial and social infrastructure, as well as natural and geographical features. That is why the regional dimension is an important aspect of government reform programs. In this regard, the study seems appropriate to identify the determining factors of the socio-economic development of the region. Multifactor modeling is based on indicators that characterize the scale of the economy and the efficiency of the regional economy, the budgetary and social spheres. The research revealed that the volume of production of goods and services and the ratio of income to budget expenditures have the greatest influence on the formation of a high rating of the socio-economic development of the region. More than half of the regions of Russia, according to the factor model, are characterized by the presence of reserves for improving the socio-economic situation.
Demography is mainly understood as a situation related to the standard of living of the population, the state of affairs in the field of medicine, education, etc. And demographic security reflects the security of the life process and the continuous natural renewal of generations of people. Speaking about the strengthening of demographic security, we understand, as a rule, the prolongation of human life and the growth of its quality, the increase in the efficiency of demographic reproduction, the expansion of demographic freedom. The article analyzes the demographic situation of one of the regions of the Volga Federal District, namely the Ulyanovsk region. The analysis is presented in the context of the main indicators, characterizing fertility, mortality, migration, unemployment, per capita income of the population, etc., on the basis of which the level of the demographic situation of the region was determined. The actual coefficients obtained were considered in dynamics and compared with their recommended values. Based on the conducted research, measures were presented to ensure natural population growth by increasing the birth rate and reducing mortality both in the whole country and at the regional level, improving the quality of life of the population, managing the migration attractiveness of the region.
The state of the economy of any country is characterized, first of all, by the level and quality of life of the population. The indicators of the quality of life of the population are the most important indicators for assessing the real socio-economic consequences of the ongoing transformations and the degree of social tension in society. For a comprehensive assessment of the quality of life of the population of the region, a comparative analysis of the subjects of the Volga Federal District was carried out in the study. In the study of the quality of life of the population, the proposed system of indicators characterizing the demographic situation in the region, the health of the population, the sphere of work, the standard of living of the population, housing conditions, health care, education, culture and sports, environmental protection, safety of living, transport infrastructure, provision with objects of trade and catering, economic development. The calculation was carried out by the method of single, group and integral indices. The study showed that the leading position in the ranking of the quality of life of the population among the subjects of the Volga Federal District is occupied by the Republic of Tatarstan. High positions in this rating are for the Republic of Mordovia and the Nizhny Novgorod region. Outsiders are the Republic of Mari El, the Orenburg region and the Kirov region. The Ulyanovsk region in this rating belongs to the regions with an average level of quality of life of the population and takes only tenth place. Using the results of the developed methodology for the integral assessment of the quality of life of the population of the region made it possible to form a comprehensive idea of the priority areas for improving the quality of life of the population of the region.
The article considers methodological aspects of food security related to the strategic spatial development of certain specialized high-tech zones (territories) for the production, processing, storage, logistics and marketing of agricultural products and food. Currently, certain agricultural sectors demonstrate high growth rates of production and economic indicators, positive changes have occurred related to the average per capita consumption of basic types of food and foodstuffs in the structure of the population's diet. The dependence of the domestic market on the import of agricultural products has decreased due to corona virus restrictions and special operations in Ukraine. However, there is still a high differentiation in the mental consumption of food, its physical and economic accessibility. This means that the problem of ensuring food security and independence in Russia, as well as in certain macro-regions, remains tense. Therefore, the issues of self-sufficiency of individual subjects of the Russian Federation should be linked and coordinated with the goals, objectives and programs of socio-economic development of the federal center. These programs should be implemented within the framework of the outlined priorities in the field of food security of the population and the independence of our country.
The directions of the development of machinery and automation of milking cows, the economic efficiency of the use of milking plants were analyzed. It has been shown that the means of mechanization and methods of organization of milking cows occupy a central place in the system of machines for mechanization and automation of processes and the greatest influence on the efficiency of milk production at objects of various sizes. The creation and use of fundamentally new automated installations for milking cows and the modernization of existing ones actualize the need for research to assess the economic effectiveness of their use in various organizational and technological conditions.
The impact of the tourism industry on related industries can be assessed through a multiplier effect. The article details international and national approaches to estimating multiplicative effects. All methods of calculating the multiplicative effect are similar in that they consist of assessing the direct, indirect and forced contributions of tourism to the economy. The most difficult task, according to the author, is to collect information and assess the indirect contribution of tourism to the economy. The assessment of indirect contribution to the economy can be carried out according to the options: the use of cross-industry balance models; Using the social account matrix (cross-industry balance sheet modification) Cost - Issue tables. The most difficult is the collection of statistics on the tourism industry, since statistics are classified only by OKVED codes and economic institutions. There are also no regional cost-output tables, which makes it difficult to calculate the multiplier. One of the priority areas of domestic tourism is rural tourism. The publication provides criteria for the selection of projects for the development of rural tourism, on the basis of which conclusions about the relevance and importance of collecting information for calculating the indirect effect at the initial stage of the implementation of priority projects on agritourism are formulated.
The article describes the author’s method of qualitative assessment of the innovation potential of technical system prototypes in agriculture. The choice of the research topic is justified by the practical difficulties of assessing the future adoption of a new product. In business, trial and error is often used for this purpose. An alternative way can be a qualitative assessment, since quantitative methods are not suitable for predicting the success or failure of future innovations. The proposed methodology consists of two stages. At the first stage, a qualitative analysis of the following four factors is carried out: the expected excess of the degree of ideality of the prototype over the degree of ideality of analogues, the expected technological importance of the prototype, the estimated price of the product, and the uncertainty of diffusion of the prototype. The final assessment of the innovation potential is determined at the second stage based on whether the prototype, according to the expert, can become one or another type of innovation. For this, a classification of radical innovations and a qualitative scale for the final assessment of innovation potential are used. The innovation potential of the prototype is set as low, high, very high, extremely high. The method is tested on the examples of assessing the innovation potential of precision agriculture and ultrasonic soil loosening.
Digital innovations are increasingly being used in Russian agriculture. At the same time, there is practically no methodology for determining the effectiveness/efficiency of the introduction of digital technologies, which would allow taking into account all the effects of digitalization, which are not always explicit. The purpose of this study is to analyze existing methods for evaluating the effectiveness of innovations, as well as to develop an author's methodology that allows taking into account these effects. Abstract-logical method, method of expert estimates, monographic method, computational-constructive method were used to solve this problem. As a result, a methodology is proposed for determining the effectiveness of digital innovations based on an improved criterion - "the difference in the reduced costs" in the basic and project versions. In contrast to the traditional one, this methodology includes the secondary coefficients to the cost items that determine the change in these items when using digital technologies, and are determined by experts. These correction coefficients are of a regional nature, since the effects of digitalization are determined by such factors as the quality and mechanical composition of soils, the length of the rutting fields, relief, water regime, and others. In order to obtain objective values of the coefficients, actual material on changes in the values of various types of costs from different regions must be collected. After summarizing this information, correction coefficients for various regions can be derived and officially approved, which will allow the most objective determination of the effectiveness of the introduction of digital innovations in the conditions of this region.
Digital transformation is the transition of digitalization of production and management in agriculture to a qualitatively new level. Digital transformation expands the possibilities of effective adaptation of feed production to regional and local conditions of agriculture, optimal implementation of economies of scale and intensification in the zone of risky farming, to ongoing and possible, predictable and probabilistic changes in the external and internal environment, including climatic, technological, demographic, social and institutional. A long-term analysis of the process and results of the production of feed from perennial grasses, carried out on the example of farms in the Leningrad region, revealed an insufficient level of adaptation of feed production to local agro-climatic, production and economic conditions, direct dependencies of losses of harvesting volumes and feed quality due to deviations in the parameters of the production process when making operational, tactical and strategic decisions from optimal ones. The development of the scientific foundations of digital transformation for the effective development of adaptive feed production in the North-West of Russia can accelerate the processes of database formation, the use of neural networks and machine learning in diagnosing problems and solving problems, will increase the pace, efficiency and sustainability of innovation and investment development of dairy cattle, taking into account local opportunities and limitations in accordance with the global ESG agenda.
The relevance of the study is to identify potential suppliers of agricultural products to the regional market. Based on the secondary statistical grouping, the availability and use of land resources, cattle are analyzed; reflects the structure of sown areas by types of agricultural crops; the distribution of farmers and rural individual entrepreneurs according to the share of sales of agricultural products is given. The purpose of the study is to identify the layer of the main suppliers of agricultural products among farmers and individual entrepreneurs within differentiated groups (types) of farms and to assess their contribution to providing consumers with basic types of agricultural products. The results of the study include the identification of differentiated groups (types) of farms, the establishment of a trend for the consolidation of farmers and individual entrepreneurs, identified and confirmed according to various criteria, an assessment of the volume of provision of agricultural products to consumers in the region.