The article considers the main indicators of crop production of the form of federal statistical observation No. 2 "Information on the production of agricultural products in personal subsidiary and other individual farms of citizens", their classification is studied. The policy of subjects of statistical accounting, aimed at reducing the reporting load of objects of observation, is manifested in the reduction of the developed list of statistical indicators, systematically leading to an insufficient amount of published official statistical information, which makes it difficult to conduct a deep and comprehensive analysis of the object of study. To do this, the article highlighted the most significant indicators of crop production, reflecting the prospects for the development of statistical observation of households. The main part of the article is devoted to the substantiation of recommendations for improving the system of indicators of crop production of personal subsidiary and other individual farms of citizens. The developed proposals will help determine the future direction for state support of personal subsidiary and other individual households of citizens.
The article examines the causes and conditions of the spread of financial contagion in the markets of agricultural goods in the conditions of the grain crisis of 2022. This crisis was caused by a failure in the export of food from Ukraine, which was preceded by a special military operation. Methodological approaches to financial contagion are substantiated, consisting in comparing the links between objects in pre-crisis and crisis periods. Approaches to the assessment of contagion using special econometric tests are disclosed: Forbes-Rigobonatest, coskewness test, cocurtosistest, covolatilitytest. Two hypotheses about the transmission of contagion were put forward, which were supposed to be confirmed or refuted in the practical part of the study. In the process of assessing the contagion, information on prices for futures contracts of the portal was used Investing.com . In the practical part of the study, estimates of the contagion of agricultural goods from the grain and energy market were obtained, the coefficient of contagion of agricultural goods was calculated. It is concluded that during the crisis of 2022, the contagion spread more actively in agriculture from the grain market than from the energy market. Oats and soy flour were the most affected by contagion, raw sugar and soybean oil were the least affected. A detailed study of these issues made it possible to identify assets that are most susceptible to financial contagion in conditions of instability. This information may be useful for investors to manage their assets.
The need to increase the pace of production of domestic agricultural products, increased requirements for its quality and environmental friendliness of production pose the task of increasing the efficiency of the crop sub complex, including through the introduction of digital solutions. The article analyzes the research on the efficiency of agricultural production. The study of the HSE Research Institute, reflecting Russia's position on the 47th place in the GII-2022 rating, reveals the need for an in-depth study of the current state of the crop production sub complex and its innovativeness. Abstract-logical, decomposition, monographic and analytical, economic and statistical research methods were used in the work. The nature of the spread of innovations in crop production is positive, but the coverage of organizations is insignificant and lower in comparison with other types of economic activity. In this regard, a method of decision-making based on the use of scenario approaches is proposed, consisting of stages: analysis and assessment of the state and behavior of the processes of production and sale of agricultural products, identification of problem areas, scenario preparation, individual and comprehensive assessment of scenarios, scenario selection and management decision-making with subsequent translation to performers, control of implementation, formation of feedback links by results. The methodology allows us to calculate various scenarios for the development of events as a result of various options for decisions, including the digitalization of agricultural production. The decision-making tool based on scenario approaches is tested on the example of an agricultural enterprise of the Ryazan region, economic calculations and statistical models are presented.
The article contains the results of a study of the current methodological approaches to the calculation of the share of the housing fund, provided by all types of improvement, in relation to rural areas. The main shortcomings of the current methodology are revealed, which does not allow to objectively assess the level of home improvement in rural settlements. In the course of the study, theoretical, empirical and general scientific methods were used, including analogies, synthesis, generalization of available data and expert assessments. The relevance of the study is due to the lack of clear methodological approaches that make it possible to reliably calculate and assess the real level of improvement of residential premises (households) in rural areas due to the lack of relevant and verified data on a full range of statistical accounting objects, which, in turn, does not allow evaluating the results of implemented measures at the federal and regional levels aimed at achieving the goal of improving housing conditions in rural areas. The scientific novelty lies in the development of new methodological approaches to calculating the level of home improvement in rural settlements, allowing an objective assessment of the change in the proportion of well-maintained housing in rural areas in relation to the category of residential premises (individual residential buildings, block buildings, apartment buildings). The results of the study showed that at present, the calculation of the proportion of well-being of households in rural settlements is presented according to an incomplete range of reporting objects, which is primarily due to the lack of verified data on the types of improvements that individual residential buildings in rural areas are equipped with. In addition, the problem of the lack of full-fledged technical accounting and technical inventory of the housing stock of rural settlements is urgent. In modern realities, it seems that the current methodological approaches can be used as the basis for calculating the level of well-being of households in rural settlements, but due to the presence of a number of serious problems associated, among other things, with the collection of relevant, verified data, which affects the continuity of previously made calculations and underestimates the real data on the level of improvement of rural households, the authors propose a three-level system for calculating the indicator in relation to the type of household, as well as a number of additions and clarifications regarding the types of improvement.
In the first decade of the 21st century, our country has become one of the leading countries in importing goods of this food group. However, during the indicated time, some events occurred that contributed to the fact that Russia began to increase its own production of certain fruits and berries. As a result of the import substitution policy, the volume of value imports of fruit and berry products to Russia decreased from $5471.2 million in 2010 to $5443.6 million in 2021, although the average for 2011-2015 they were at a higher level. The composition of the states that supply goods of this food group to our country has also changed significantly. The growth of exports from Russia of goods of the considered food group is from 21.752 million dollars to 153.630 million dollars. These are fruit and berry products of foreign production, following through our country to other states.
The paper summarizes conceptual approaches to the innovative development of the agro-industrial complex of Russia in the context of a functioning organizational and economic mechanism. Separate scientific foundations for the evolution of the concept of "mechanism" as an economic category have been studied. It has been established that, unlike technical systems, where the interaction between the elements of the mechanism is predetermined by strict rules and laws, in social systems, with the dominant role of the human factor, such regulation is in many cases not feasible or has more uncertain limits. In this regard, the need to improve at the legislative level the regulatory framework governing scientific, scientific, technical and innovative activities has been identified. In conclusion, the directions for improving the organizational and economic mechanism of the innovative development of the agro-industrial complex in the face of geopolitical challenges and threats are outlined.
The need for a new industrialization of the agricultural sector in modern geopolitical conditions is justified. It was noted that with the general sectoral effectiveness of measures of state support for agriculture, they, for the most part, have a different impact on production in organizations of various forms of ownership and management. The impact of government subsidies on the profitability of the sale of the main types of agricultural products is shown. The role and importance of the State Agricultural Development Programs in the accelerated industrialization of the agricultural sector in the country on the principles of vertical integration was determined. The risk-time renewal of the tractor fleet among agricultural producers in the conditions of unprecedented external restrictions is considered. The main tasks of an economic nature are formulated to launch this process in agricultural production. Measures have been developed to improve state support (proposals and recommendations) for the country's domestic agricultural sector, which should be reflected in the strategy for innovative development of the agro-industrial complex of Russia for the period up to 2035.
The article considers the issues of transformation of social and labor relations under the influence of digital solutions in the agro-industrial complex and identifies the characteristic aspects of transformational processes in the digital environment. The classification of participants in the agricultural sector of the economy according to the level of adaptation to the digital sphere is presented. The algorithm of digital adaptation of organizations of the agro-industrial sector is defined. The elements of the mechanism of adaptation of agricultural entities, in terms of social and labor relations, are presented, allowing to determine the list of factors of digital transformation affecting them. The assessment of the direct and reverse motivational impact of the factors of digital transformation affecting the components of the economic mechanism of adaptation of the subjects of agriculture, in terms of the implementation of social and labor relations. Conclusions are drawn that digital technologies allow to increase the efficiency of industry management, as well as to increase productivity and quality of work by optimizing technological processes, while social and labor relations in the conditions of digital transformation should be considered from the standpoint of ensuring the personnel sovereignty of production, technological development of the agro-industrial complex and the national economy.
The article reflects the main trends in the digitalization of agriculture in Russia, considers the features of the transition to the digital platform of this sector of the economy, as well as the scale of digital technologies in the process of transforming the agricultural sector. The ever-increasing demand for agricultural products, as well as the development of fundamentally different approaches to managing the life cycle of agricultural production and the growth of labor efficiency in the agro-industrial complex (hereinafter AIC) determine the relevance of the study. The study is devoted to assessing the current situation in the field of digitalization of agriculture in the Ulyanovsk region. The authors note the need for a holistic approach to the development of the concept of digitalization of agriculture and the system for its implementation.
The assessment of the economic security of an agricultural organization is the early identification of real and potential threats to its activities and the identification of directions for their elimination. Criteria and methods for analyzing and evaluating the economic security of an agricultural organization are determined depending on the characteristic features of its activities. The article discusses a comprehensive methodology for determining the level of economic security of an individual agricultural organization by calculating the integral indicator. The analysis is presented for 2019-2021 in the context of the main components of economic security, such as financial, production and marketing, technical and technological and personnel. The level of each component was determined using a set of special indicators. The obtained actual ratios were compared with their recommended and threshold values.