The article discusses the priority areas of cooperation between Russia and Belarus within the framework of the Union State to ensure food security in the new economic conditions caused by large-scale sanctions pressure from Western countries. Currently, the basis of the interaction between the two states is the "Main directions of implementation of the provisions of the Treaty on the Establishment of the Union State for 2021-2023" and approved joint development programs covering all spheres of activity, including the agricultural sector of the economy. One of the most important tasks of the development and strengthening of the Union State is the formation of a unified agrarian policy, the implementation of which will increase agricultural production by using the scientific and technical potential of the two countries, combining natural, economic and human resources in order to ensure food security within the framework of the association.
The article analyzes the dynamics of the investment multiplier for agriculture of the Russian Federation for the period from 2017 to 2021. It is determined that the multiplier effect, with the exception of 2021, was created mainly within the framework of gross value added, namely gross profit of the economy and gross mixed incomes. A critical analysis of the sources of financing of investment processes was carried out, in particular, it was pointed out the insufficiency of own funds, the riskiness of increasing credit financing. The share of the state in investments in fixed assets is calculated. The influence of various proportions of capitalization of the net profit of agricultural organizations on the value of the investment multiplier is determined.
The article considers investments in human capital and technological innovations as the main factors of economic growth for the transition of the agro-industrial complex economy to the new technological order. Large agricultural holdings are the main driving force in this direction. The information base of agricultural holdings served as the basis for analyzing the state of investment capital, evaluating the effectiveness of investments, the dynamics and structure of investing financial resources in human capital for the development of the "knowledge economy". The author revealed that financially stable and profitable integrated holding are actively investing, the efficiency of investments is constantly increasing, but at the same time, for sustainable development, it is necessary to achieve an increase in the investment rate of at least 30%. The author notes that the structure of investment capital is dominated by investments in real assets; investments in human capital shows annual growth, and this confirms that the company considers these investments to be one of the priority areas for growth and ensuring its investment attractiveness. Based on the use of methods of economic and mathematical modeling, the author describes the dynamics of investments and factors influencing it from the standpoint of a systematic approach and builds the predictive model for increasing investment in human capital to ensure economic stability and increase the investment attractiveness of the agricultural holding.
The last mile logistics industry is undergoing a period of significant transformation, characterized by a paradigm shift in operation. This is manifested not only and not so much in the introduction of technological innovations, but in a change in the philosophy of the functioning of the market. The conditions of the pandemic have determined a stressful growth in demand for food and ready-to-eat delivery services. It has become the norm to use these services regularly. The psychology of the consumer has changed: the delivery of products and food has reduced time costs. The conditions of the lockdown have forced food vendors to implement business models that have taken the last mile delivery from a premium service to a public, mass service. It should be noted that the market for food delivery and ready-made meals is highly competitive, which ensures affordability for a wide range of consumers at a price. The article provides data on the dynamics of the volume of the online food sales market in Russia for the period 2019-2021 and its assessment for 2022. The structure of the online food sales market segments is considered. Data on the motives and frequency of ordering food and ready-made meals at home updated. The result of the study was the formulation of proposals for the development of agro logistics of the last mile in Russia, which include institutional measures and organizational measures.
The importance of competencies in the process of professional development of employees and the development of the agricultural industry as a whole is constantly increasing. In the present study, the concepts of "soft skills" and "hard skills" and their importance for agricultural workers are considered. To assess the possibilities of balancing the interests of agricultural producers and the system of professional agricultural education, an analysis was made of the composition and structure of hard and soft skills of employees employed at enterprises with the status of a legal entity, in the field of entrepreneurial activity, for hire from individuals and individual entrepreneurs, in personal subsidiary plots. The purpose of this study is to develop a system of hard and soft skills for agricultural workers. The empirical basis of the study is the materials of the second round of selective statistical observation of the participation of the population in lifelong education (Rosstat). The conclusion is formulated that the complex application of soft and hard skills enables agricultural workers to improve professionally by performing their labor functions. Identification of scarce skills helps to determine the discrepancy between the interests of agricultural producers and the system of additional agricultural education, which can be used to develop new professional development programs.
The staffing needs of the dairy sector in the transition to the «Industry 4.0», which provides for the active implementation of digital and biotechnology analyzed. The actual dairy farms data show the characteristics of current use of labor resources in the industry, their dynamics over the past five years, analyze the differentiation of farms with various digitalization degrees by the level of main groups of workers’ wages, the share of specialists in the total number of employees, labor productivity. It is shown that the increase in the number of digital technologies implemented in dairy farms did not always lead to a proportional increase in the wages of highly skilled workers with an obvious increase in the specialists’ share in the staff. The following trends in the transformation of staffing needs in the dairy business were considered: an increase in the specialists’ role— both industry-specific and digital solutions specialists; deepening of the labor division; emergence of new specialties; and acceleration of wage growth rates. The sources of staff hunger risks in dairy cattle were determined, including due to the loss to other sub-sectors of agriculture in the competition for labor resources: the lag in the level and growth rate of wages, especially specialists in comparison with "production" workers; rigidity of agricultural education; unequal investment in human resources by the industry participants. Suggestions are formulated to adjust the agrarian policy in terms of staffing needs support for medium and small milk producers.
The purpose of article is to form a management system for specialized high-tech zones for the production of certain types of agricultural products, the development of which will be relevant to ensuring effective economic and economic activity of agricultural business related to the observance of the rights and interests of various forms of ownership, including integration and agricultural cooperation in these territories. The management of the agricultural production sphere at present can be explained by inadequate management (regulation) associated with the formation of organizational activities at the level of regional (municipal) functioning of agriculture. In this regard, it is necessary to identify the key areas for the formation of high-tech zones and the production of certain types of agricultural products in them, as well as formulate a set of measures related to improving the efficiency of agricultural business management of these zones and their territories. In our opinion, one of the primary directions will be the development of human resources using educational, industrial and socio-economic factors, and the formation of the organizational and economic mechanism of the personnel management system should be based on objective assessments of qualitative and quantitative indicators of agricultural education, as well as prospects for its development, taking into account self-organization at various levels. Hierarchical levels of these zones and territories.
The methods of long-term storage and transportation of sperm which were developed under the guidance of VASKHNIL Academician V.K. Milovanov led the animal breeding system to the fundamentally new level and predetermined the intensive integration of local livestock populations into the global international system. Russian dairy cattle breeding hardly hold its position in constant competition with the largest multinational corporations which produce and sell breeding materials. In 2021, the import dependence of the breeding stock at breeding farms rose up to 22.1%, the share of imported heifers at domestic market was 36.3%. At the market of breeding bulls the domestic cattle still prevail (95.5%), but, for example, for Holstein breed this figure has dropped to 68.8%. The particularly unfavorable situation, which has had a negative impact on positions of Russian dairy cattle breeding, remains at domestic market of bull seed producers. Ignoring by modern producers the basic principles of "large-scale breeding" at dairy cattle, as well as the transition to "monobreed" led to significant imbalance at domestic breeding market. The periodic reduction of the customs tariff and the cancellation of taxes for importers, as well as the using of dumping prices by them, significantly unbalance the domestic market of breeding materials and reduce the demand for domestic products. The economic mechanisms of government regulation to overcome the influence of external factors on the prices at domestic market of breeding products, which could contribute to the sustainable development of Russian dairy cattle breeding, are presented. They are based on simple principles that are successfully used in the world practice of agricultural markets regulating. When there is a shortage of products at domestic market, first of all, domestic producers are stimulated to increase the supply, and when it’s overproduction, the buyers are subsidized for demand increasing.
The article presents an analysis of the export of dairy products and the prospects for its development. The FAO forecast highlights growth in casein, skimmed milk powder, cheese and butter. It is determined that the share of Russian dairy exports is still insignificant, but the trade turnover tends to grow. The composition of the largest importers of domestic products is mainly limited to neighboring countries. Product exports have a high country concentration. It was revealed that the domestic raw material base and exports are not territorially interconnected. The negative trade balance will continue for the next decade. The main consumption will be provided by low- and middle-income countries, which should be taken into account when expanding sales markets in the future. Export growth for Russia will be determined by the state of the raw material base, the financial stability of dairy farming and the processing industry, as well as the dynamics of domestic demand for products. Guaranteed state support is required for dairy producers along the entire technological chain, which should be focused on long-term partnerships.
The paper analyzes the volumes and proportions of exports of unprocessed grain, products of processing of grain and meat products obtained by fattening livestock in Russia and other countries. Also proposals for choosing a policy for the use of produced grain, contributing to the development of agriculture, processing industry and export growth are addressed. Russia exports almost half of its wheat, a quarter of barley and a third of corn. The agrarian policy of the country was aimed at increasing exports, primarily of unprocessed grain. Russia has come out on top in the world in wheat exports and ranks high in other grain crops. At the same time, in terms of the share of domestic grain consumption for industrial processing and livestock feed, Russia lags behind most grain-producing countries. Should the current policy be maintained or should it be changed? Should agrarian policy stimulate the export of unprocessed grain or restrain it and stimulate the production and export of grain processing products, the consumption of grain in animal husbandry and the export of livestock products? Publications have appeared claiming that it is difficult or impossible to sell processed products, that large grain producers from other countries also sell grain, and not processed products. Is it so? From 2021 The Government of the Russian Federation introduced floating export duties. The overwhelming majority of the expert community proposes to abolish duties. They reduce the income of agricultural producers, increase the risk of a slowdown in growth or even a recession in grain production. The data presented in the paper confirm this conclusion. But if the duties are canceled, then the growth of exports of unprocessed grain will continue, Russia will achieve new export records, but the grain processing industry and animal husbandry will not develop. Whether to maintain duties or eliminate them is another issue addressed in this article.