The article discusses the prospects for the implementation of IT projects in agriculture. The necessity of investment optimization is shown. A set of Pareto projects has been defined. Possible types of investors are considered. The projects were optimized from the point of view of various types of investors. Analytic Hierarchy Process was used for optimization. It is shown that different types of investors cover the entire Pareto set. From a farmer's point of view, the agro-market projects may be most attractive, as this project could help farmers find new buyers for their products, generate higher profits and expand their business. From the point of view of large agricultural enterprises, investments in the deployment of specialized CRM systems are most attractive, since they will optimize business processes. From the point of view of the state, the most interesting projects for the integration of market participants.
In conditions of various economic and financial difficulties, which are accompanied by uncertainty, it is necessary to regularly monitor changes in the market and continuously optimize the risk management process using various financial instruments. Increasing the level of profitability, minimizing losses are the main attributes of the stability and success of banks. The study of the relationship between the level of risks and profitability allows us to identify the main factors that significantly affect the value of profitability, which will provide the bank's management with tools aimed at finding reserves and improving the effectiveness of the bank's activities. Indicators of liquidity risk, credit and market risks were selected to build a multifactorial nonlinear model of the relationship between the return on capital of JSC Russian Agricultural Bank. The resulting model describes the dependence of the bank's return on capital on the following factors: the current liquidity ratio, the level of stability of resources, the ratio of highly liquid assets, the indicator of dependence on interbank risk, the indicator of the share of overdue loans, the indicator of the amount of reserves for loan losses, the indicator of interest rate risk, the indicator of stock risk. The 73% return on equity is described by selected risk factors. Each factor has a certain impact on the return on capital, and in each case the dependence is nonlinear. The most significant indicator is the size of reserves for loan losses, with its increase by 1%, the return on equity will increase by 1.54%. This is followed by an indicator of interest rate risk, with an increase in the value of the indicator by 1%, the return on capital will increase by 1.09%. With an increase in the current liquidity ratio by 1%, the return on equity will increase by 0.42%. An increase in the stock risk index by 1% will lead to a decrease in the return on capital by 0.12%. Based on the model that highlights the level of stability of resources, the ratio of highly liquid assets, the current liquidity ratio, the interest rate risk indicator and the indicator of the amount of reserves for loan losses of JSC Russian Agricultural Bank, the directions of risk reduction are proposed.
Currently, the Russian economy is forced to adapt to new realities in the conditions of changing external and internal market conditions, a high degree of uncertainty, the negative nature of consumer expectations, unstable exchange rate, strengthening of state regulation of the economy. In conditions of price instability, all participants in the agricultural market face the need for serious adjustments to their plans, and need a scientifically based assessment of possible price ranges at least for the near future. In this study, a retrospective analysis of the price of raw milk in the Chuvash Republic was carried out on the basis of quarterly data for 5 years. The main patterns, the reversal of trends in 2022 and its causes are revealed. The structure of the time series is determined: based on the analysis of the values of the autocorrelation function, the presence of a trend and a periodicity equal to four quarters is proved. Based on statistical data for 2018-2022, an adequate model of the time series is constructed.
In the conditions of transition to market relations, most agricultural enterprises still have unresolved problems at the level of development that does not correspond to their theoretical and practical significance to modern economic realities, one of which is investing in agricultural production within the boundaries of individual rural territories issues of economic efficiency. In the case of the formation of prices for products according to the laws of the world market, the economic efficiency of its production is mainly determined by the cost of a unit of production. The latter depends not only on the soil and climatic potential of economic entities, but also to a large extent on their geographical location and economic conditions. In other words, the cost and profitability of agricultural products differ by individual rural areas, and not only in accordance with the yield of agricultural crops, but also depending on the factors "location of producers", which in turn are influenced by the same natural and climatic conditions.
The article analyzes key financial indicators for industry organizations and the economy as a whole, depending on their size and types of activities. The initial data for the study were statistical reports presented in the TestFirms database. Despite the higher share of large organizations in the industry (1.4%), which is 0.5 percentage points higher than the Russian average, and the share of medium-sized organizations is 1.4 percentage points higher (2.6%), small enterprises with low revenues up to 10 million rubles prevail in agriculture. - 36.8%. At the same time, reporting is not submitted by households, producing 24.1% of agricultural products. The specialization is dominated by organizations that produce grain crops (24.3% of the number of organizations), breed dairy cattle and produce milk (10.9% of the number of organizations). The analysis of the results of the activity of organizations in the economy as a whole for 2012-2022 showed an increase in the share of organizations with unprofitable activities, with an improvement in the ratio of own and borrowed funds, taking into account the possibilities for repayment of current obligations. Organizations of the type of activity "Crop and animal husbandry, hunting and the provision of relevant services in these areas" have a better financial position compared to the average all-Russian indicators of organizations. The exception is the turnover and stock return indicators, which is due to the industry characteristics of production. In the forecast period, while maintaining the existing trends described by linear dependencies, the industry is expected to further increase the indicators of profitability of sales and return on equity.
The use of rural heritage is a significant reserve for improving the efficiency of the rural economy and the sustainability of rural areas in general. The State Program for the Integrated Development of Rural Areas does not sufficiently disclose the broad possibilities of using rural heritage for the development of tourism, recreation and improving the quality of life of the population. During the development of territories, vernacular heritage is often destroyed, which largely determines the attractiveness and competitiveness of rural areas. Not only economic benefits are lost, but also much greater ones: traditional ways, crafts, crafts that serve as the basis of identity, traditional values and patriotic education of young people. It is necessary to rethink the attitude to rural heritage at the level of not only state planning, but also civic engagement, because the preservation of rural heritage is literally the business of everyone who cherishes their Small Homeland. Moreover, in the process of valorization of rural heritage, a large number of attractive jobs are being created in the field of tourism, gastronomy and related industries. In this article, an attempt is made to consider the directions of using heritage for the development of rural areas.
The possibilities of consumer cooperation organizations in improving the service of rural residents of the region are investigated. The theoretical foundations are systematized and the practice of cooperative organizations of Russian regions in 2015-2022 is generalized. The positive and negative aspects of their activities in conditions of uncertainty and risk in the context of the implementation of the concept of antifragility are revealed. It is concluded that life in rural areas has its own characteristics associated with remoteness from large cities, lack of developed infrastructure and limited employment opportunities, therefore, state authorities should take advantage of the potential opportunities of consumer cooperation in developing the economy and social infrastructure of rural areas, providing access to quality goods and services, improving the economic situation in rural areas and promoting the development of the local community.
In 2022, the Chuvash Republic remains the Russian leader in terms of the area of hop plantations at fruiting age, which accounts for about 90% of the area. Aroma and alpha-aroma hop varieties are traditionally grown in the region. To identify the prospects for the further development of different types of hops, the dynamics of the world hop growing and the factors influencing the formation of the industry in the international arena are studied in the work. According to the results of the work carried out, it was revealed that the area for growing aroma hop is systematically and steadily increasing in the world market: the average annual growth rate for 2017–2021 amounted to 1.7%. Plantations of alpha hop have multidirectional dynamics. However, on average over 5 years, the indicators for them also increased: by an average of 2.7% per year. At the same time, the aroma hops’ areas are more than 2 times higher than the alpha hops’ areas, amounting, according to the data for 2021, to 41.6 thousand hectares and 19.4 thousand hectares, respectively. Given the quality characteristics of aroma hops, this type is more preferred by craft brewers, while alpha are preferred by large brewers, including multinational ones. It follows that the bitters market is highly consolidated, while the number of participants in the aroma hops market continues to expand. Which will unquestioningly stimulate the development of this type of hop.
For Russia, which has a huge agricultural potential, but which is not effectively involved in agriculture, its rational organization through the formation and development of specialized high-tech zones for the production of certain types of agricultural products is of great importance. Their formation and development is a natural and objective process. It intensifies with the development of productive forces and occurs under the influence of a complex combination and interaction of numerous and various factors of production of an internal and external nature. However, among them, first of all, it should be noted the maximum compliance of natural conditions with the biological requirements and characteristics of the cultivation of individual crops and animal rearing, the most complete and rational use of local production resources and capabilities, and also the optimal combination of intensive and extensive factors of production. The basis of the allocation of multi-scale specialized high-tech zones are materials of agro-climatic zoning and the use of scientific and technological progress. Therefore, their formation and development is based on a completely objective natural and economic basis. In fact, this is one of the basic and most effective directions for the development of domestic agriculture, which is especially important in the context of sanctions aggression against the country, even despite some possible risks in the formation and development of specialized high-tech zones of the production of certain types of agricultural products.
In the context of the aggravated geopolitical situation, the primary task aimed at the sustainable development of agricultural production is to ensure the economic security of agricultural organizations. For this, it is necessary to strengthen the material and technical base, which is possible only by attracting investment in the industry. The Stavropol Territory is the leading agrarian region of Russia, whose agro-economic systems are the largest participants in the agri-food market. Over the past decades, there has been an influx of investments in the region, which ensures the construction of new production facilities and an increase in the number of jobs. However, an increase in the share of unprofitable agricultural organizations in their total number, disproportions in the volume of investments and credit resources in certain territories of the region, a high level of differentiation of agricultural organizations in terms of the level of development of the material and technical base can cause a decrease in investment activity. All this indicates the need to search for the identified problems, the solution of which largely determines the further functioning of the agro-industrial complex, the quality of life of the rural population, as well as ensuring food security.