The article is devoted to the study of the formation of accumulation and consumption in agriculture in Russia and the identification of structural transformations that affect the level of development of the agricultural sector. The authors emphasize that in recent years the agricultural sector of the economy has achieved significant success: the growth of agricultural production in 2022 amounted to 110.2%, Russia retains the status of a net exporter of agricultural products for the third year in a row. At the same time, there are negative trends affecting the level of accumulation: the volume of investments in fixed assets in agriculture in 2022 decreased by 8.2%, profitability decreased by 5.6 percentage points. In addition, the disproportions in price relations in the agro-industrial complex also have a significant impact: as a result of an increase in the share of costs for material means of production, there was an increase in intermediate consumption in the agricultural sector. In recent years, there has been a decrease in the physical volume of retail trade turnover (including food products), as well as the downward trend in real disposable monetary incomes of the population, which affects consumption. The article notes that at present negative trends have also formed in gross accumulation: its low level and growth rates do not allow achieving technical and technological modernization of production and ensuring import substitution. The authors note that it is necessary to increase the accumulation rate to 26-28%. It is important not only to increase the accumulation rate, but also to ensure its growth through structural adjustment – providing the agricultural sector with machinery and equipment. It is also necessary to ensure the development and implementation of advanced technologies, the creation of new modern capacities and the development of human capital to ensure the growth of the potential of the agrarian economy in the medium and long term. Ensuring a balance between investment and consumption, the level and quality of life of the population is a key task at the present stage. At the same time, the growth of accumulation should not occur due to the reduction in consumption.
Food security of the country seems to be one of the important criteria for guaranteeing the state security of Russia in the perspective of medium- and long-term forecasting. It should be noted that the problem of ensuring the country's food security is quite acute not only for our country, but also for the entire planet as a whole. In the Doctrine of Food Security of the Russian Federation, the main tasks are outlined to ensure it regardless of changes in external and internal conditions. The state program for the development of the agro-industrial complex provides for the comprehensive formation of all branches and sub-sectors, as well as areas of activity of the agro-industrial complex, taking into account Russia's membership in the WTO, as well as participation in the EEC and other regional associations of the CIS economic community. space. The article presents the results of a study on the development of agriculture and regulation of the markets of products of the Republic of Bashkortostan in the context of the global financial crisis.
In Russia, beer is one of the most popular alcoholic beverages. The country's beer industry has a long history. The industry continues to evolve. At the same time, the general economic situation has an impact on its condition and development. You can determine the existing financial risks of the development of the beer industry, for forecasting and planning its further development. They are directly related to regional economic sustainability and balance. The beer industry for Russia and specifically for the Voronezh region is not dominant, in the regional economy it occupies a certain niche, but insignificant. At the same time, the influence of the beer industry on the financial regional risks of imbalance cannot be ruled out. The scientific discussion is caused not only by the categories of balance and sustainability of the regional economy, but also by risk-oriented models for assessing factors that affect stability in the region. In this regard, it is necessary to identify the main key factors that determine sustainable regional development. Financial risk factors affect both sustainability and balance. In this context, the main directions for determining financial risks and opportunities for regional brewing are proposed.
In accordance with the strategic goal of the Food Security Doctrine of the Russian Federation, which is to provide the population with high-quality and affordable food, the development of scientific research in the field of creating new varieties of agricultural crops is quite an important task. The key to the implementation of this task is the development of the country's seed breeding activities aimed at providing agriculture with its own seeds, especially in the context of import substitution. The most pressing issue in the Krasnodar Territory is the issue of providing rural producers with their own seeds of sugar beet, sunflower and corn. The article examines the foreign experience of financing the work of breeders and seed growers, which allows us to highlight both positive and negative experience of organizational and economic conditions for the development of the breeding and seed production system. The author proposes to create an industry cooperative of breeders in the region, the main purpose of which would be to control and ensure compliance with license agreements, and the collection (including compulsory) of license fees. The author's research has shown that it is possible to solve the problem of providing agriculture of the Russian Federation and its regions with their own seeds only if there is a comprehensive state program for the development of breeding and seed production in the Russian Federation for the coming 2025-2035. Ensuring the country's food security is possible in the presence of priority state regulation, both at the regional and federal levels.
Environmental protection, conservation of natural resources, rational use of natural resources and adaptation to climate change continue to be key strategic priorities affecting food security. In an increasingly difficult economic situation, weak predictability and frequent fluctuations in State policy in the field of agriculture and environmental management are important for the ecological and economic development of the agricultural sector. Clear strategic goals and objectives of the state policy in the transition to sustainable agriculture, as well as organizational, economic and other measures for the implementation of measures in the field of environmental management. The purpose of this study is to develop strategic guidelines and a roadmap for the transition to sustainable agriculture in the medium and long term to achieve national security goals. The paper uses the economic and statistical method, systematic, integrated approaches to identifying problems and developing an optimal strategy for the ecological and economic development of the industry. The authors emphasize the systemic nature of the problems and propose key stages in the development of a roadmap that will eliminate risks and take into account the modern requirements of the "green" economy. As a result of the study, the authors come to the conclusion that the sufficiency of natural resource assets and their high potential in our country are the basis for the development of a "green" economy, low-carbon and "climate-neutral" agriculture, doing business according to ESG standards and influencing the structure of the world agricultural export market, where agricultural producers will take a strong position, which produce high-quality products and can integrate into the decarbonization policy.
The Russian economy is going through difficult times today. Not having time to move away from the consequences of the pandemic, the country plunged into a sanctions blockade and partial mobilization. But, despite all the negative forecasts, the country's economy has survived and continues to function. The general economic situation and the special position of Russia are reflected accordingly in the labor market. A difficult situation is developing in the labor market of rural areas. The article examines the main problems of the formation and use of human resources in the agro-industrial complex of Russia. The problems of employment of the rural population, unemployment in rural areas, problems of migration and others are considered. Theoretical and methodological approaches to the formation and development of employment of the rural population, which is an effective tool for increasing the effectiveness of managing the development of human resources in the agricultural sector, are considered.
In the modern conditions of digital technology development, one of the ways to interact with the outside environment and a method to increase the competitiveness of an institute of higher education is its website. The purpose of the study was to analyze the websites of agricultural institutes of higher education, to identify general trends in the provision of information and to develop proposals for optimizing websites. The websites of 54 agricultural universities of the Russian Federation were investigated. It has been established that the information layout on the home pages of all agricultural higher educational institutions meets the requirements of Rospotrebnadzor order No. 831. It is noted that almost all the sites have a search box, 33 sites have a mobile version, and only 3 have an application for mobile phones. Information about addresses and phones is posted on the home page of 37 sites. 47 sites have links to the external resources. Remote learning methods are provided by 45 universities. An online assistant exists only on 6 sites. There is no unification in posting information in the headings of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th levels, which makes it difficult to find necessary data. The same information on different sites can be presented in different headings, at different search levels. To improve the quality of agricultural universities’ websites, it is important that there is a version for mobile devices, website navigation is simple, and information can be found in one click, without unwanted page flows. The content should be constantly updated, the site should be presented across social media platforms and contain elements of interactivity and visitor feedback.
Based on the analysis, the article concludes that the fruit and berry subcomplex currently does not meet the needs of the population of the Russian Federation. The dynamics of production and consumption of fruits and berries per capita for the period from 1990 to 2021 are presented, and comparative estimates with other countries are given. The need for fruit and berry products is calculated to meet the security levels of the Food Security Doctrine. An analysis was carried out on the main types of fruit and berry crops (pome fruits, stone fruits, berries) in general and in terms of management forms. A regional cross-section of the main indicators of horticulture is given. Problems hampering the development of the industry have been identified and directions for solving them have been proposed. To solve the identified problems, it is necessary to improve the placement of the industry throughout the country, focusing on specialized industrial enterprises in favorable zones for growing fruits and berries, create modern nurseries for the production of high-yield zoned planting material, and expand the area of intensive orchards in the organized sector.
The article is devoted to the development of the dairy cattle industry in the context of the transformation of the economic system and the transition of business processes to digital technologies. The authors focus on the target indicators of the federal project "Digital Agriculture" and regional aspects of their implementation in the context of the module "Agricultural Solutions". The object of the study is a region in which dairy cattle’s breeding is represented by small forms of management that have regional specifics and infrastructural features.
The article is devoted to the study and substantiation of practical recommendations in the field of development of dairy cattle breeding in farms in the Krasnodar Territory. The current state of this sub-sector is considered, the contribution of farms to increasing milk production is noted. A comparative economic analysis of the efficiency of dairy cattle breeding in these farms with different types of specialization and the size of the number of cows has been carried out. Approximate quantitative boundaries for livestock have been established, providing for different types of specialization the highest productivity of cows and the profitability of milk sales. Positive statistical relationships between productivity and number of cows, as well as specific profits and their livestock per unit of land area were revealed. The analysis of the directions and volumes of state support for dairy cattle breeding in the Krasnodar Territory, including when it is organized in small forms of management, is carried out. Its most important role in the development of the considered sub-sector is noted. Targeted recommendations for improving the system of milk production in farms of the Krasnodar Territory are proposed. The results obtained in the course of the study are compared with the results of studies in a similar subject area published in leading periodicals.