Cluster policy is now and the prospect of a basis for innovative development of national economy. For creation and development of the agro-industrial cluster should be closely long-term economic relations of enterprises of one region, using innovative achievements in plant growing, cattle breeding and processing of agricultural products. Conducted by Ana-Liz shows that in most cases the clusters in agriculture has developed into a large and efficient agricultural enterprises in areas where traditionally disbursed in any area or a specific industry. The analysis of development of agro-industrial associations and regional clusters in 17 regions of the Central Federal district for the period 2000-2012 year. The main directions of agro-industrial integration in the Central Federal district are: beet sugar, dairy, meat, milk meat, pig-breeding, poultry, grain, vegetables of an open ground, vegetable growing in greenhouses, floriculture, gardening and fruit-berry and others On the basis of the conducted analysis shows main directions of development of agro-industrial integration and ways to solve its problems on the basis of cluster approach.
The article deals with justification of the necessity of the usage of the methods of cluster analysis and optimization modeling in the development of the agro-food field planning of rural territories. We present the prediction algorithm, which allows to make alternative scenarios of the development of agro-food sphere of rural municipalities. The choice of the typical agro-enterprises of rural territories based on the packing of large arrays of the real economic data used in the subsequent optimization calculations. In making-out the economic and mathematical models it is used a scenario approach, that allows to substantiate the various scenarios of the development of agricultural production. The use of the scenario approach increases the validity of the working out forecasts. The rational setting of industrial structure of agricultural organizations helps significantly increase the economic efficiency of agricultural production. The improvement of the efficiency of agricultural production is a key factor in ensuring of a positive social development of rural territories. The practical realization of the model solutions will help to create fixed conditions for effective social development of rural territories and improvement of the quality of life of the rural population. We present the results of scenario forecasting development of agro-food sphere of rural territories of the Republic of Bashkortostan at the regional level. The scenarios of development are based on the model solutions, as well as on the prediction of the possible economic capacity and sale of the main types of agricultural production by the agro-enterprises of all types, actual and projected volumes of food consumption. Proposed forecast scenarios of development show the possible variants of rational food supply in accordance with scientifically-based nutritional standards and allow to form different models of production and use of agricultural products based on the effective organization of agro-food market.
The author considers models used for policy development of rural areas. A comprehensive analysis of the sustainability of development was conducted in dynamics for the period of 2007-2011 for all regions of the Russian Federation in the following groups of factors: social, economic, environmental, institutional component of sustainable agricultural development. For characteristics of the prospects for sustainable development the author suggests the definition component of diversification opportunities. Index of complex resistance amounted to indicators of social - 36,43 ‰, economic - 91,22‰, production - 23,67‰, environmental - 24,28‰, which means that the sustainability trends for all the groups of indicators is low for all sets of indicators lower levels will meet more often. To determine the forecast values for agricultural development was applied the method of assessment of probability of the forecasted tendencies of development using the «angle of probability» - index linking the observed trend and forecast. In a conclusion that the forecast of development of the main indicators of development of agriculture, founded in the Government program up to 2020 is likely to occur, in addition to the indicators of agricultural production and crop production. Type the development of the industry on estimated actual and projected trends of main indicators can be described as stagnation.
In the article the peculiarities of reproduction of dairy cows, marked deviations in current classification of an asset from the main funds of biogenic origin. Novelty of research consists in development of methods of increasing the economic efficiency of the reproduction process in dairy cattle breeding on the basis of intensification and capitalization of fixed assets of biogenic origin. The authors identified the main principles of reproductive management of productive cattle dairy cattle, monitoring the price of the cows dairy herd Vologda district of the Vologda region and the technique of definition of cost of cultivation of a cow with regard to the actual cost of reproduction and maintenance of fixed assets, the average growth level of wages, inflation and the need to increase the agricultural production. The proposed mechanism of the organizational impact of control of reproduction process productive dairy cattle aims to increase economic efficiency and increase of production volumes. A generalizing indicator of economic efficiency of capital investments in the reproduction of the herd can serve as proposed alues «profitability of reproduction».
The article contains the description of the Privolzhsky Federal district natural zones suitable for growing of grain crops. Differences in soil-climatic conditions and specifics of the cultivation of certain species of crops leads to a differentiation in the region. Use in cereal crops only natural-climatic factors determines the extensive towards the production of grain, which is insufficient for sustainable and reliable security of the country. Intensification of grain production requires reclamation; breeding of new varieties of plants, adapted to the change of climatic conditions, which are observed in recent decades; the creation of special equipment and technology ensuring the cultivation of crops on the basis of minimum tillage and resource-saving technologies. The authors identify requirements for cultivation of winter and spring wheat, corn, indicate the reasons for the low share of insured crops. Grain production is the basis for the development of livestock and especially its grain intensity, but relatively early maturing industries as pig and poultry farming, which largely shape the domestic demand for grain. Despite continued until the trend of reduction of the grain wedge, the share of grain steadily approximately 30‰ of the gross value over half of the marketable products of plant growing, as well as almost one third of all animal feed.
The article describes the factors of increase of economic efficiency of production and processing of sugar beet and their classification, and also recommendations on increasing volumes of production of the crop at the regional level. The author performed a factor analysis of the profit from the sale of sugar beet in the Ryazan region, which showed that profit positive influence to a greater extent had the price growth for sugar beet. Growth of the economic efficiency of production of sugar beet are largely controlled and the efficiency of its processing, consistency of actions and material interests of agricultural organizations and sugar plants, their mutual interest in increasing the productivity and improving the quality of sugar-beet, including sugar, preservation produced harvest.
Among the regions of Russia Kaluga region takes the 11th place in investment risk and 40 place for investment potential. In the Kaluga oblast is working on the development of plant growing industry. The main goal is to create a technological and economic conditions of development of potato. The authors analyzed the investment activity in the potato industry in the Kaluga region, the main directions for state support of agriculture, analyzed preferential investment loans in the potato industry, held SWOT analysis and identifies factors SWOT-supporting development of investment activities, identified possible points of growth of attracted investments in agriculture: priority development of the technical and technological base of large-scale agricultural production, technical re-equipment of agricultural production, by the acquisition of highly efficient agricultural machinery and equipment for introduction of resource-saving technologies in production; development of the industrial potential on the basis of mechanism of private-state partnership; completion of formation of an integral investment system in agroindustrial complex; the creation of specialized investment and guaranteed secured funds.
The agro-industrial complex works in the conditions of Russia's membership in the World trade organization as well as the deepening of integration within the Customs Union, and here open up new prospects and created additional complexity. It is necessary to stimulate the further growth of competitiveness of domestic agricultural producers, their transition to a new technological level of production, creation of a modern infrastructure for storage, processing and transportation of products. In addressing these challenges, a not unimportant role played by the creation of a favorable investment climate in the region. Powerful economic and scientific-technical potential allows to Bashkortostan successfully develop foreign economic relations with the countries distant and the near abroad. Trading partners of Bashkortostan are more than 90 countries of the world. The Republic of Bashkortostan possesses a unique combination of investment potential, a high level of investment security, has a reputation as a reliable borrower and business partner, which is confirmed by data international rating agencies - «Moody's» and «Standard&Poor's»on the international scale at «Ba1» with the forecast «Positive» and «BB+» with forecast «Positive», respectively. A high rating indicates the financial openness of the Republic of Bashkortostan, creates a more favorable image and reputation of the region in the investment and banking community and contributes to the expansion of the range of potential investors and creditors. Currently in the Republic of Bashkortostan bets on improving the quality, competitiveness and production efficiency, energy saving, investment attraction. This article discusses the prospects of increasing the investment attractiveness of the Republic of Bashkortostan in the conditions of Russia's entry into the WTO; an analysis of the indicators of the investment development of the agroindustrial complex of the region and the geography of the countries of investors; they propose measures to improve the investment attractiveness of the agroindustrial complex of the region.
The article substantiates the economic efficiency of functioning of pasture complexes. From the standpoint of system analysis of the process of milk production is presented in the form of a deterministic system with the explicit objective function, which allows to optimize the operating modes of the equipment. The main criteria for assessing technologies and complexes of machines adopted energy efficiency ratio, which characterizes the energy expenses for the performance of a unit of mechanized work or production process obtain a unit of production. Comparative analysis of economic and energy criteria proved that the composition of the technological line, defined by the energy criterion, it is optimal from an economic point of view. The energy performance is not exposed to market price fluctuations. For the measurement of consumer costs and accounting of price and energy units entered indicator of energy equivalent of the ruble. When you run the production processes in the pasture must be met basic requirements: the separation of the production process operations; specialization selected machines and equipment, flow continuity in a certain time technology, synchronization operations. The authors analyze the main opportunities for energy saving in the summer production of milk on the pastures. Based on the study authors conclude that an objective assessment of technologies and technological lines for pasture complex reveals the potential savings of total energy. The proposed method of acquisition of stream of technological lines helps reduce power consumption and considerably reduce the cost price of milk production.
The article is devoted to the analysis of "growth points" in agroproduction of Siberia, leaning on opportunities production and marketing cooperation of small and average producers on a branch sign. First of all the open list of the perspective business directions of agroproduction and agroprocessing which can have development in economy of Siberia regions in medium-term prospect (on materials of the Omsk region) was made. As the model direction rabbit breeding on which the macroeconomic analysis of branch was carried out was chosen and agrospecialization cards from the point of view of municipal areas are made. At the third investigation phase the comparative assessment of a development level of enterprise activity in municipal areas was given. The final stage of research was the analysis of imposing of enterprise activity card and agricultural specialization cards of municipal regions in the Omsk region. The received result allows not only to define agrospecialization of the concrete territory, but also to designate the "personified" measures directions of the state support for small business in the specified areas for development of the perspective business directions. The received results are interesting to investors from a position of administrative zones ranging by the principle of optimum agroclimatic conditions for implementation of the investment project.