Despite certain positive shifts and the outlined general tendency of increase in production of production in agrarian and industrial complex of Tajikistan, the general condition of agrarian sector and the food industry are far from a sustainable development. The food industry is one of the most important branches of economy of the Republic of Tajikistan, has a steady and perspective source of raw materials. Restoration of capacities depends not only on replenishment of current assets and standard indicators, but also on the additional capital investments directed on rearmament and updating of technology for the purpose of expansion of the range, improvement of quality of production, change of appearance and quality of packing, use of advertizing and marketing development. Expected indicators of development of the food industry for 2013-2022 at rational utilization of capacity and formation of a reliable source of raw materials in natural expression will make: vegetables and fruit - 150 thousand tons; oil-bearing crops - 400 thousand tons; grain - 1500 thousand tons; meat - 350 thousand tons; milk – 700 thousand tons. Small and mobile technologies of processing of foodstuff in the conditions of Tajikistan within one year will provide raw materials processing in all regions which are located nearby from each other.
In article the essence of an innovation within realization of a state program of the forced industrial and innovative development of the Republic of Kazakhstan is opened. Main objective of development of agrarian and industrial complex of Kazakhstan is development of competitive agro-industrial complex of the country ensuring food safety and increase in export of production. According to the author, the innovation has to give real economic effect in the respective spheres of human activity in which found practical application or the new knowledge in the form of a discovery or the technical invention was embodied. The forced development of agro-industrial sector and light industry on the basis of introduction of innovations will reduce dependence of economy on import of goods of a consumer demand and will expand their export potential taking into account the market of the Customs Union. Creation and introduction of high technologies and competitive production of sectors "future economy" will allow Kazakhstan to create fundamentals of post-industrial economy. Active carrying out the forced industrial and innovative policy will increase stability of domestic economy in relation to crises.
Based on these studies, the article considers the methodological basis for identification of promising directions of innovation activity in agriculture, the criteria of evaluation of specific directions of innovative activity, the proposed system of indicators to determine the effectiveness of introduction of scientific and technical development, highlighted the principles of substantiation of perspective directions of innovation activity, as well as measures to facilitate its rapid development. We consider the direction of stimulating innovative activity in agriculture. Justification of methodology of formation of organizational and economic mechanism of innovative system of AIC will give the opportunity to intensify the innovative activity on the Federal and regional levels; to clarify the conceptual apparatus associated with the essence, content, factors and directions of development of organizational-economic mechanism of innovative system of AIC; develop a strategy for promoting innovation in the agricultural sector of the country. Implementation of the proposed measures on acceleration of innovative activity in agriculture will promote the further development of agricultural production, improve its efficiency and productivity growth in the industry.
The article considers the development of the national land use planning in the conditions of the land reform of the 90s and in after the reform period, as well as proposed in the framework of the refusal of the Institute of land categories inclusion in the land management activities development of agricultural regulations. Land management is a key element in the implementation of the state land policy. But in the period of land reform its value decreased due to investment unattractiveness of the agricultural sector and the priority of other instruments for land policy: land cadastre and registration of rights to land (then the land tax was introduced, the transition was made to the land market). The underestimated role of land management has led to a number of problems in the agricultural land use. Now in view of attraction of additional investments in agriculture, the implementation of the various government programs demand for land management activities is increasing. It enters a new stage of its development. Perspective directions of the agriculture land at this stage should be considered in three directions: 1) development in the structure of agricultural land regulations; 2) on-farm land management, and various types of inventory and assessment of the quality of land; 3) the territorial land used in agricultural production land (primarily the allocation of land plots at the expense of land shares). The last type of work is now carried out cadastral engineers, but the realisation of 5 years ago transfer of this type of work should recognize erroneous. For the implementation of these proposals will require changes in the current Federal law «On land use planning» (such proposals currently being prepared).
In modern conditions food security is an important element of economic and national security. To achieve sustainable food security in the country is necessary to ensure the dynamic development of the agricultural sector. Russia every year increasingly integrated into the world economy, it is inevitable. Russia's WTO accession involves a highly competitive agriculture. It is therefore necessary agricultural policy focused on the long-term protection of the interests of domestic producers can increase the competitiveness of the Russian Federation to the AIC level of the best world standard. Transition to market economic conditions significantly influence the efficiency of agricultural production. However, the creation of a competitive agri-food production is impossible without significant government support and regulation of the industry. Features of agricultural production cause an active part in the functioning of state enterprises in the industry, define the directions of state financial support, covering all areas of agricultural producers. The paper analyzes the main factors responsible for the development of agriculture inert Russia, and the necessity of its state regulation. The main directions and forms of government support agribusiness and their transformation at the present stage of economic development.
The necessity of improvement of the methodology of forecasting of development of agriculture in the region as an important function of management on the basis of indicators enabling to evaluate the development of scientific and technical progress, directed on increase of competitiveness of production in the conditions of functioning of the WTO. The study was made the forecast of manufacture of milk on the example of the Vologda area, in the farms which produce more than 30 ‰ of the volume of milk in the region. Using the method of analytical grouping defined relationship between the indicator average annual milk yield and the following factor signs: the output of offspring per 100 cows, feed consumption per 1 head, capital-labor ratio, Fondo-security. To check the homogeneity of the aggregate determined the coefficient of variation equal to 16.52 per cent. In order to improve the quality of forecasting of development of agriculture in the region should: apply a system of indicators to track trends in the areas of providing for public funding; to predict the development of human potential as a condition for the implementation of strategic tasks of agriculture; develop a system of indicators of innovation development, taking into account the specifics of the region's agriculture.
Food security is determined by the effective functioning of the Russian agro-industrial complex, the competitiveness of domestic food to local food markets , the social conditions of life in rural areas and other factors. Decisive role in improving food security Russians, of course, belongs to the state, under the harmonious regulation which must be created optimal conditions for the genetic, ecological and economically sound development of domestic agriculture, able to fully meet the needs of the population in high-quality food products available to the absolute majority of the inhabitants of the Russian Federation. Unfortunately, in modern conditions of Russia, including Astrakhan region to food insecurity quality food , especially of animal origin. Currently, the actual consumption of the population of the Astrakhan region of staple foods, including drinking water, compared with the optimum deteriorated. Russians diets deficient in Astrakhan and consumption of milk, meat, eggs, fruits, berries, etc. The drop in real incomes of the population causes the growth of consumption of the cheapest food - potatoes, vegetables, cereal products - and reducing the consumption of dairy, meat and fish products. Before the beginning of transition to market relations population Astrakhan region consume large amounts of food (including milk and meat ) intraregional production. In modern conditions, the region without food imports can no longer do. The article describes the dynamics of consumption of basic foodstuffs in the Astrakhan region, identifies factors affecting the stability of food supply.
The current state of the enterprises of a beet sugar subcomplex of Krasnodar Krai is considered. The analysis of dynamics of production of sugar beet in the region, structures of cultivated areas and rates of a gain of cultivated areas of sugar beet, and indicators of efficiency of functioning of the enterprises of a beet sugar subcomplex is carried out. Dynamics of production of the granulated sugar, the analysed structure of a raw basis for production of sugar is studied. Besides, dynamics of application of fertilizers under sugar beet in the agricultural organizations of Krasnodar Krai is analysed. Expected indicators of increase of sugar content of root crops of sugar beet are given at acceptance at the expense of selection improvement of culture and improvement of technology of cultivation and preparation, within a state program of development of branch till 2020. Key factors of increase of efficiency, stability of functioning and increase of competitiveness of the enterprises of a beet sugar subcomplex of Krasnodar Krai at the present stage of development are defined.
For example Vavozhskiy district of the Udmurtian Republic considered the possibility of creating sales of consumer cooperative. Solved the problem of optimization of sales of agricultural products through the distribution channels. Proposed measures to improve sales of agricultural produce, improvement on the basis of the financial results of work. The total economic effect is expressed in receiving additional profit in the amount of 69,47 million rubles, profitability will increase from 29,4‰ to 38.3‰. Each of the enterprises comprising the cooperative, will receive additional profit. The greater the share of economy participation in the work of the cooperative, the higher is the efficiency of its economic activity. The insertion in the Treaty of the proposed conditions of payment (change of rates depending on the term) will increase the efficiency of sales. Create sales of consumer cooperatives will allow agricultural producers to strengthen their market position.
Considered some of the parameters of the formation of the structure of the agrarian sector of economy of the Orel region, including small-scale sector. Analysis-uniform development of agricultural consumer, credit and production cooperation, problems and prospects of cooperation of small forms of economic entities and population for agricultural production. Russia's accession to the WTO changed the direction of state support. The author considers the households as national customs and lifestyle, which should be fully and should be supported. Among the objectives of the development of the Orel region, the author allocates development cooperation, clustering of agricultural Economics, transition to the sixth technological mode, which many researchers associated with the Bioeconomy.