In article economic aspects of development of domestic rice growing in new economic conditions are considered and need of state regulation of rice-growing branch locates. Authors submitted the analysis of a condition of rice-growing branch in agrarian sector of economy of the Russian Federation, being characterized by the following tendencies: increase in demand, cultivated areas under rice, productivity; efficiency of selection work; annual production of rice - a raw made more than 1 million t. Authors consider as the most acceptable version of the solution of a task of increase in production of competitive grain of rice support of economically significant regional programs of development of agriculture of subjects.
Single agricultural tax - a special tax regime, which is incorporated in order to preferential taxation of agricultural producers, it frees taxpayers from paying taxes on profits, property tax, VAT (except for the tax payable on goods imported into the customs territory of the Russian Federation, and payable in accordance with Article 174.1 of the Tax Code). This release simplifies the taxation system of agricultural producers, but does not reduce the requirements for recognition of income and expenses. Rational choice of tax treatment between general taxation system and a special regime should be driven by the benefits that the organization will receive as a result of the decision. In this article the problem of selection and application of the special tax regime of agricultural enterprises and SAT, the example of these two farms, analyzed tax revenues and tax burden, taking into account the profitability of its payment.
Improvement of the developed territorial and branch division of labor in agro-industrial production is the least expensive factor of its development, increase in production of scarce types of agricultural production, raw materials and the food, creation of their export resources. The author offered methodology of research of territorial and branch division of labor in agro-industrial production of the country, based on rational placement, deepening of specialization and strengthening of concentration of agricultural production, creation of specialized zones on production of separate types of agricultural production. In agro-industrial production it is necessary to be a program and target method, that is realization of strategic and tactical tasks the basis for development of a technique of improvement of territorial and branch division of labor at the most effective use of production resources and first of all an environment of each Russian region and the country as a whole. The principle of a priority of national interests is the basis for territorial and branch division of labor in agro-industrial production over regional and local economic interests.
It is impossible to understand essence of social and economic and socioeconomic development without studying of historical and legal aspect of land legal relations. Among numerous aspects of a problem of the land relations on the importance the question of a private property as the basis defining relationship of various members of society is of special interest. In article problems of forms of the landed property at Chechens in the Russian historiography are considered. The author allocated the most interesting characteristics of features of forms of land tenure and land use at Chechens, the attention to evolution of forms of ownership and its reflection in works of different authors is paid. Deeper and thorough studying of historical legal features of forms of land tenure and land use therefore it is necessary to pay attention to search and introduction in a scientific turn of sources including so-called a tepter without which it is impossible to understand essence of many processes occurring and happening in the Chechen Republic is required.
Improvement of territorial and branch division of labor is a core of a solution of the problem of rational placement of productive forces of the country, increase of efficiency of functioning of the economy, separate branches and the markets. Especially it concerns grain production as the strategic importance of grain and products of its processing, quantity of the material resources involved in it, scales of maintaining grain branch, extensive intersectoral, interregional and interstate communications have huge impact as on a condition of the grain and agrofood market, and on development of all national economy. Territorial features of soil, climatic and economic conditions of maintaining a grain farm predetermine essential regional distinctions in a set of cultivated grain crops, level of intensity and efficiency of grain production, volumes of interregional supply of grain, formation of its export resources. The difference in productivity of grain crops on certain regions of the country makes nearly 6 times, prime costs – over 4 and labor inputs of production of grain – 5 times.
The best world practices show that the potential of cooperation of large livestock agroholdings with small agricultural enterprises, mutually advantageous from the economic, social and ecological points of view, huge. Despite it, in Russia while this reserve is used in an insignificant measure. The article demonstrates the economic, social and environmental suitability of agricultural production by contracting agreements through cooperation of large integrated agribusiness groups with small agricultural enterprises, including farms and private farms, and of the creation on this basis of socially-oriented clusters in the industry. It was shown that the strategy development of agriculture and rural areas the government should operate with the concept of "total benefit". Creation of recommended clusters is one of the largest reserves of increase of employment and the income of country people, and also ways of its fixing in rural areas and decrease in social tension in the village.
The main percent of production of gross output of agriculture in area belongs to the large integrated structures, so-called clusters. In the Orenburg region in the long term as a part of agrarian and industrial complex poultry-farming, pig-breeding and dairy clusters can be allocated. According to authors expediently adoption of the act for clusters in the sphere of production and processing of agricultural production, technological providing agrarian and industrial complex which would consider joint functioning of the legal entities making a cluster, and protected social and economic interests of the agricultural organizations entering it. Improvement of development of integration processes in agro-industrial complex of the Orenburg region, and also creation of standard and legal base for their development creates prerequisites for increase of liquidity and competitiveness of a domestic production.
Problems of an economic board are investigated by rural territories extremely insufficiently. In article one of the perspective directions of development of an economic board by rural territories on the basis of association (union) with the increased powers is considered. The center of branch management and rural territories is transferred to non-profit organization in the form of association or the union, as uniform body of the territorial administration, under control administration of the area or government body of the region. Depending on scales of production and number of branches and subsectors in the area the organizational and conceptual model of agro-industrial integration can represent the single-level or two-level system created by the hierarchical principle. The idea locates self-control of managing subjects of the area. The concept of management of associations (unions) assumes development of the outsourcing creating a basis of competitiveness and stability of agricultural enterprises, entering association.
For an assessment of quality of life in the village two blocks of indicators (economic and social) are allocated, for each of which the corresponding indicators are selected. The technique of an assessment of quality of life of country people is approved on the example of six rural regions of Chelyabinsk region. For a quantitative assessment of stability or instability of development of the village comparison in dynamics of the received values with «one» that allows to allocate development types (stable, absence, high, insignificant), and calculation of the generalizing indicator was offered. Use of a technique allows to bring reasonable adjustment in target programs social economic development in each rural area.
Authors defined the basic principles of strategy of providing the population by potatoes. The carried-out analysis of use of production of potato growing in the Kaluga region showed that the market is characterized by a rise in prices, a high share of import, low purchase prices, reduction of cultivated areas, a variety of producers by the sizes, the production direction, economic and financial results. The offered directions of development - creation of technological and economic conditions of intensive development of branch of specialized potato growing and increase in outputs of high-quality potatoes. Authors developed the investment project on purchase of modular plant for processing of 1000 kg. potatoes in change. Purchase of plant on production of chips will allow the agricultural enterprise to realize directly the production to end users, passing intermediaries less to depend on exclusively established purchase prices and to increase efficiency of activity. Implementation of the project will demand cooperation of producers of the area, will be provided with increase in the landing areas under high-yielding grades in the region. The requirement of financing taking into account costs of service of a debt will make 25,07 million rubles. Financial calculations showed expediency of implementation of this project.