The world tendency of increase of demand for natural production of flax-growing branch led to expansion of cultivated areas of flax and increase in production of flax. In article the main directions and stages of development of flax-growing branch, a current state of production in Belarus and Russia reveal, strategic prospects of development of a flax-growing subcomplex with use of the cooperative principles are shined, the role of an integrated approach to the production organization is reflected in a flax-growing subcomplex, various ways in development of flax-growing branch are stated. For effective maintaining branch of a flax it is necessary to provide the nation-wide approach to a flax-growing complex providing complex mechanization, and on separate operations and automation of productions, it is necessary to interest financially producers of a flax in the end results of the work, having expanded the range and having increased quality of the developed materials.
The adequate assessment of a payback period of agricultural machinery will allow to determine objectively use term, the moment of write-off of equipment, and also expediency of technical re-equipment of productions in agriculture. In article methodical approaches to an assessment of a payback period of harvest equipment, taking into account specifics of its use in agriculture are offered. Factors uses of agricultural machinery influencing economically justified term are also allocated. Decisive factors for definition of the optimum moment of updating of agricultural machinery are: dynamics of change of own general expenses for its contents and average costs of the corresponding new cars. The technique of an assessment of a payback period of the equipment acquired instead of offered by authors leaving operation at the enterprise considers the additional income from sale of old equipment, possible costs for its utilization, a difference in productivity. When leaving equipment it is necessary to consider its production capabilities which the enterprise loses, however sale of this equipment allows to compensate part of expenses for acquisition of new equipment.
Analyzing experience of EU in development of agriculture and rural territories, the author suggests to continue policy of support of a sustainable development of rural territories in Russia, including restructuring of agriculture and diversification of economy of rural areas, to keep the principle of joint financing of agrarian budgets, to increase allocations for rural development that meets all standards of the WTO, is a new, progressive universal trend.
The author analyzes approaches in ensuring food security, used criteria of an assessment, the main existing problems are considered, measures for its providing are offered: transition to new model of economic development, management improvement, restructuring, providing an equivalent exchange between the village and the city, lawlessness elimination in the land relations, formation of the new legislative base providing effective development of agrarian economy.
In the article there presented the analyses of the situation and dynamics of the development of agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The agriculture of the Republic of Bashkortostan, as a branch of economics, is one of the leading in the Russian Federation. The republic produces 3,2‰ of the whole Russian agricultural products. It is mentioned that agricultural sector of the republic is functioning in the conditions of lack of financial security, lack of mechanization means, high level of their wear and lack of labor resources of necessary qualification. The salary of agricultural employees is low. Signs of troubles and anxiety are observed in land relations, the state of agricultural lands, in social and engineering infrastructure of a village, in the quality of rural population. The way out of the agriculture of the crises and its transition to sustainable development, as the experience of advanced countries prove, is possible by the orientation of the agro-industrial complex to modernization and innovation development. The program and target approach which necessary element is joint financing at different levels of the power and subjects of innovative economy of the most perspective directions with system of estimated criteria of efficiency of innovative development has to become a basis of innovative development of agrarian and industrial complex at various levels of management. For practical implementation of target programs it is necessary to create mechanisms of support of innovations in three directions: providing demand of innovations; creation of infrastructure of development of innovations; organization of networks of a transfer of innovations.
Stages of an avtivization of development of agriculture of the Vladimir region are shown in article on a basis implementation of the appropriate measures of support. Till 2006, year of the beginning of implementation of national projects, the analysis of financial and economic activity of the agricultural organizations of area testified to prevalence of financial and unsuccessful farms. Reforming of economy was accompanied by essential reduction in agriculture production. The nonequivalent intersectoral exchange of made production remaining for a long time didn't give the chance to consolidate positive results and created prerequisites for prevalence of negative tendencies agriculture development. During implementation of the state target programs positive tendencies in agriculture development are noted. As significant tendencies in development we will note: increase in investments at increase of fertility and stimulation of improvement of use of land grounds; creation of conditions for meat and milk increase in production; acceleration of updating of technical base of agro-industrial production. However low profitability of the agricultural organizations, their ogranichesnny financial opportunities in equipment updating, bankruptcy testify to need of further research of reserves of improvement of a situation for regional agrarian and industrial complex.
The article considers the system of sales of grain during the period of market transformations in the country, shows its role in stabilizing grain market and incomes of agricultural producers, as well as identified gaps in the realization of grain and a set of measures to address issues arising in the process of sale of grain on economic, regional, interregional, national and international levels.
The article describes the problems of wine growing and winemaking Russian market, its place and role in the agri-food market of the country, a brief overview of the state viticulture industry in Russia are examples of foreign experience in the development of the regulatory framework and organic grapes. Highlights the prospects of development of wine growing and winemaking market in Russia, with the role of the state is justified and adequate regulatory framework in the development of the industry in general and the market wine growing and winemaking products, in particular. On the basis of the Russian Department of Agriculture assessed the implementation of state and departmental programs to support viticulture for the years 2009-2013, revealed their shortcomings in terms of market development wine growing and winemaking products, the formation of the distribution network. Recognised value of industrial unions and public-private partnership to create an efficient chain of production and placing on the market wine growing and winemaking products, market regulation wine growing and winemaking products. Basic directions that promote wine growing and winemaking market in Russia.
Raising the level of productivity is related to the implementation of the complex of measures aimed primarily at increasing intensity of agriculture, strengthening its material and technical base. Therefore, the number of priority measures should include technical re-equipment of agriculture, because traditionally the productivity gains in agricultural production not less than two-thirds is provided by technical progress. In acute deficiency and imperfection of domestic agricultural machinery, inefficient use duration of field work in certain regions of the country more than twice the optimal sowing period, leading to annual losses of agricultural products, a significant deterioration in its quality. Capacity building of machine-tractor park will ensure that the advanced technologies of cultivation of agricultural crops and recommendations sustainable land use through the development of adaptive-landscape farming systems, the application of resource-saving and environmentally friendly technologies. It is necessary to develop and accept regional programs for the accelerated technical and technological rearmament of agriculture, to provide the mechanism of direct subsidies from the federal budget to agricultural producers of new equipment and processing equipment and financial security approximately three times more against the provided level, it is necessary to solve a problem of additional training of machine operators, to revive system of technical service in the village and to provide access of bulk of agricultural producers to it.