The problem of research of ratios between economic efficiency of production and social efficiency is one of fundamental in the modern economic theory. The offered technique of an assessment of social and economic efficiency in agriculture is based on comparison of regions on economic and social indicators of blocks, calculation of indexes for each block and formation of a complex integrated assessment of economic and social development of subjects of the Russian Federation. For calculations 14 blocks from 49 social indicators and 7 blocks from 12 economic indicators were used. On a ratio of indexes of social and economic efficiency, calculated by authors, objects of research were shared into four groups. The interrelation of social and economic indicators was defined on the basis of correlation. The analysis of correlation dependences showed that economic factors make bigger impact on economic growth, than social
In article features of the organization of sale of potatoes in the EU are considered, the assessment of the measures stimulating quality of potatoes depending on a look and a season of revenues to the market is given. In distribution system of potatoes in EU countries there are changes caused by structural shifts in production (concentration of the areas and reduction of number of producers) and in demand of consumers (emphasis on the processed production: chips, kripsa, the frozen semi-finished products). In the long term in distribution system of potatoes the following tendencies are predicted: process of concentration of trading companies will amplify, value of environmentally friendly production will increase, investments into processing industry will increase, the export orientation of production will amplify, trading companies will have more ample opportunities for the activity on the basis of expansion of application of contracts of contracting.
The tax policy is the most important instrument of state regulation of economy of the countries with the developed market economy. In article the directions and tools of a tax policy in the agriculture in Canada are considered. The assessment of efficiency of the taxation in the agrarian sphere of economy is given. The most important distinctive feature of a tax policy of Canada in agriculture is favoritism in relation to farmers that is shown in special methods of estimation of cost of the earth and structures, in the reduced taxation levels, in an exception of the taxable sums of cost of the cars and the equipment intended for processing of the soil in granting discounts on taxes or even grants for payment of taxes and other privileges, promotes achievement of high economic rates in branch.
The paper presents the international experience adapting agriculture to the WTO. It is shown that at the initial stage, not only in Russia but also in other countries, new entrants to the organization, there was a decline in performance of the industry. Despite this, provided the development and implementation of an effective agricultural policy, they gradually strengthened the position of national agriculture and ensured its competitiveness. On this basis, and given the enormous human, land and scientific potential that Russia possesses, it is concluded that our country is quite capable to overcome the lag in agriculture in the near future, and bring it to the forefront. Thus would fulfill the requirements laid down in the Food Security Doctrine of Russia and import substitution in agriculture. Author's opinion on the choice of directions and ways to solve this problem has been formulated.
Using of chemical means of protection of plants at cultivation of grapes is intensively and creates threat for grapes and products of its processing. The requirements necessary for compliance with the organic production of grapes and its processed products is described. It is noted that for the control of weeds, plant diseases using biological (rotational scheme, planting satellites, buffer zones), mechanical and physical methods (traps, barriers, light, sound). The table of permitted pesticides and growth regulators in the production of organic grapes and its processed products is compiled. Organic wines have to or not contain the added sulfites, or have their minimum quantity that is surely reflected in marking.
Based on the evaluation of contemporary socio-economic conditions prevailing in the agrarian sector of the economy, the functioning of the agri-food market and food system of the country and taking into account external factors that directly or indirectly affect the reliability of the food supply of suggestions are given for import substitution of food due to the introduction of sanctions against foreign Russia and the formation of the Eurasian Economic Union. The entered food embargo creates additional conditions for more active development of a domestic production of agricultural production, expansion of deliveries of the food from developing countries, nevertheless as the priority direction it is necessary to consider increase in production and expansion of trade in agricultural production, raw materials and food within the formed Euroasian economic union. Development and realization of system of organizational and economic measures which are offered by the author is necessary for the solution of problems of collective food security of the countries of the Euroasian economic union.
The agriculture problems which arose during reforms of the 90th years and became aggravated during accession of Russia to the WTO, imposition of sanctions are considered. The author draws a conclusion that import substitution most likely will be reduced to replacement of import from the countries of the next Europe, import from the countries which are for thousands of kilometers that will lead to rise in price of import and decline in quality of production. For a solution of the problem of import substitution it would be necessary to accept decisive steps: first of all to write off debts from peasants; to increase target state support to agriculture, to provide an equivalent exchange, to grant to peasants the sparing loans. It would be the epoch-making decision which allowed to return to agriculture hope for civilized development, to peasants - social and economic equality of citizens of our society. It is necessary to develop and accept a food programme where measures for import substitution of each concrete product would be painted: to pork, beef, chicken meat, vegetables, etc.
As a result of the imposed sanctions, restriction of access of the Russian leading banks and finance companies to foreign credit resources, reduction of prices of oil the economic situation in the country changed, negative macroeconomic indicators are predicted: economic growth will make only 0,3‰, annual inflation can exceed 9‰, essential weakening of ruble is expected. For definition of influence of the imposed ban on import of agricultural production on development of the agrofood market of Russia structural changes in a foreign trade turnover are analyzed, questions of improvement of a monetary policy, a role of investments in the conditions of import substitution, a crediting role in investment process in agrarian sector of economy are considered. The conclusion is drawn that by many types of production - to meat of cattle and pigs, to milk and dairy products, vegetables of the closed soil and fruits to increase the outputs necessary for import substitution for 1 year it won't turn out. For leveling of the external economic risks domestic landowners need increase of production efficiency, financial stability of agricultural producers, creation of the equal competitive environment with foreign, change of a monetary policy of the state with constraining on stimulating.
For 2000-2013 the level of self-sufficiency of the country vegetables practically didn't change and makes about 88‰. Low rates of a gain of production of vegetable production testify that vegetable growing develops generally by the inertial option focused on import. In article the state and tendencies of development of vegetable growing in Russia, problems of providing the population with vegetables are considered, economic efficiency of their production is studied, the main directions of innovative development of branch are proved, reserves of output of vegetables and improvement of providing the population with them, both in fresh, and in the processed look are revealed.
Functioning of the agrofood markets is characterized by insufficient coordination of actions of participants from the point of view of observance of common interests of producers of the food and consumers. The existing defects of the organization of the local agrofood markets can be eliminated on the basis of the organization of their functioning on the principles of self-organization and self-government. In article options of the organization of the food market at the level of municipalities in the form of the self-regulating organization (SRO). Feature of the offered option of the organization of functioning of the agrofood markets is their adaptation to conditions of the regions differing on the level of food security. Procedures of realization of commodity and commercial option for territories with the sufficient level of food supply and socially oriented - for territories with the low level of food security are stated. Stages of creation of SRO in system of the agrofood markets of the region are offered, the organizational structure of management and its elements, are defined the main divisions and the functions which are carried out by them are designated. Creation and functioning of the self-regulating organizations will allow to gain a number of social and economic effects.